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Unit 3 Language in use现在完成时（三）现在完成时（三）1. for和和since在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法 现在完成时由“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”构成，表示某个动作或某种状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能还会继续持续下去，通常与for或since引导的时间状语连用；for后接一段时间，since后接时间点。此时谓语动词只能用延续性动词。 具体用法如下：（1）“for+一段时间”与现在完成时连用时，表示某事持续了多长时间。如： I have had the book for three months. 这本书我已经买了三个月了。 She has taught us English for two years. 她已经教了我们两年的英语了。 （2）since引导的时间状语也可与现在完成时连用，表示事情从过去的某个时间开始持续到现在。since作介词时，意为“从以来；自以后”，其后接时间点；since也可作连词，用于引导时间状语从句；since还可作副词，意为“从那以来；自那以后”。用法为：1）since+过去的某一时间点；2）since+一段时间+ago；3）since+时间状语从句。如： He has been in China since 2002. 他自2002年就在中国。 Ive been a soldier since two years ago. 我两年前就成为了一名士兵。 I have lived here since I came to Wuhan. 自从来到武汉我就住在这里。 【注意】（1）对for和since引导的时间状语提问时要用how long。如： How long have you had your camera? 你买了这部相机多长时间了？（2）固定句型：Its+时间段+since从句（从句用一般过去时），意为“自从已有多长时间了”。如： Its three years since the old man died. 那位老人已过世三年了。 2. 动词的延续性与短暂性动词的延续性与短暂性 在现在完成时的句子中，如果含有for和since引导的时间状语从句，肯定句和疑问句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。反之，需将短暂性动词变为延续性动词。试比较： 他入团两年了。 He has joined the League for two years. （误） He has been a member of the League for two years. （正） 我买这辆自行车三年了。 I have bought this bike for three years. （误） I have had this bike for three years. （正） 归纳总结：常见的短暂性动词所对应的延续性动词（词组）： buyhave; borrowkeep; begin/startbe on; gobe away; diebe dead; joinbe in/be a member of; leavebe away from 3. have been to, have gone to和和have been in的区别的区别 （1）have been to表示“曾经去过某地”，指现在已经不在那里了，可与just, ever等词连用；后面还可跟表示次数的词，表示“去过某地几次”。如： Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？ Ive been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。 （2）have gone to表示“到某地去了”，指到了某地或正在去某地的途中。说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。 Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？ He has gone to the bookshop. 他去书店了。（3）have been in意为“在某地”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如： Mr Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生在上海待了三天了。【话题呈现话题呈现】 本模块以健康为话题，以看病为主题，涉及病情描述和治疗建议。要求学生能够根据图片提示写关于健康生活的短文，能够针对不健康的生活习惯给出恰当的建议。学生可以从健康的重要性、目前的健康状况、生活中存在的健康问题、如何解决健康问题等方面着手写作。【佳句荟萃佳句荟萃】How can I help you?要我怎么帮你?I have got a stomachache. 我胃疼。How long have you been like this?你像这样多长时间了？Since Friday.从周五开始。I have been ill for about three days.我病了大约三天了。Have you caught a cold? 你感冒了吗？Let me take your temperature.让我给你测测体温吧。That is the problem!那就是问题所在！You spend too much time in front of the computer.你在电脑前花的时间太多了。It can be very harmful to your health.它可能对你的健康有害。It is not serious. 它不严重。Ill give you some medicine.我会给你一些药。Take the medicine three times a day.每天吃三次药。I was not feeling very well.我感觉不舒服。I get exercise by taking my pet dog for a walk. 我通过遛宠物狗来锻炼身体。We all feel fit. 我们都感觉健康。She also takes part in the training with us. 她也和我们一起参加训练。She is in excellent condition too.她身体状况也很好。It has become part of my life.它已成为我生活的一部分。I arrive at work with a smile on my face.我面带笑容去上班。I do not enjoy running. 我不喜欢跑步。（21）I feel awful. 我感觉不舒服。（22）Perhaps I am too weak to do any exercise.也许我太虚弱而不能锻炼。【写作任务写作任务】 据权威调查显示，我国中学生的体质正逐年下降，最主要的原因是学生长时间面对繁重的课业负担，锻炼时间不足，以及摄入不健康的食物。请以“How to Keep Healthy”为题，参考提示写一篇英语短文来描述一下如何保持健康。 提示要点：早睡早起，不熬夜；加强体育锻炼；不要长时间玩电脑和手机；尽量少吃垃圾食品。 要求：1. 语言通顺，行文连贯，内容充实；2. 80词左右。【写作指导】 现在来完成文章的提纲和主要内容。文章可以分为三部分：Beginning保持健康很重要：As we know, it is very 1 to keep healthy.Body提出建议：should do: 2 early and get up early; do more 3 ;shouldnt do:4 too late; spend too much time on the 5 and the mobile phone; eat junk foodEnding表达愿望：I hope all of us can have a healthy lifestyle and be healthy. Go to bedimportantexercise Stay up computer【自主创作】 How to Keep Healthy 【范文展示】 How to Keep Healthy As we know, it is very important to keep healthy. Here is some advice on how to keep healthy. First, you should go to bed early and get up early. Never stay up too late. Second, do more exercise, such as walking, running and swimming. Third, eat less junk food. It is harmful to our health. Last but not least, dont spend too much time on the computer or the mobile phone. I hope all of us can have a healthy lifestyle and be healthy.
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