主谓一致讲解

第八章言肾一孩新知引入Grammar focus主谓一致一、名词作主语 某些集体名词如family, team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。My family is going out for a trip.The whole family are watching TV.同类单词有：audiencex class clubx committee、company、crew, crowdenemy、governmentgrouppartypublic 某些集体名词如people police catlie oxen只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。 单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。A sheep is over there. Some sheep arc over there. 表示种类、计量单位的名词 kind, sort, type, form, pair, cup, glass, piece, box, chain, series（单数、复数形式同形）、spccies（单数、复数形式同形）、ton、meter等与of连用构成主语时，由cf之前表示“种类、计量单位”的名词决定谓语动词的形式。例如：This kind of these apples is sweet.这种苹果很甜。These kinds of apples are very sweet,这些种类的苹果都很甜。 “a number of+可数名词复数”（表示“大量的.）的结构作主语时，谓语动词应采用复数形式；“thenumber of+可数名词复数”（表示“.的数量）的结构作主语时，谓语动词应采用单数形式。例如：A number of students in this class are from Sichuan,这个班有不少同学来自四川。The number of （he visitors has decreased this year.游客的数量今年减少了。 名词化的形容词作主语the+形容词（或分词）结构担任主语时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有the rich, the poor, the brave,the injured the living the wounded 等。如表抽象的也可以用单数，如 the unknown the beautiful等。 表“时间、距离、金额、价值、度量”等计量单位的名词作主语时，在该主语被视为“整体”的情况下谓语动词用单数形式，在该主语被视为“若干单位”的情况下谓语动词用复数形式。A million dollars is a large amount of money.Twenty years is not a long time.二十年光阴，弹指一挥间。Twenty years have passed since he left.他离开己二十个年头了。 用and连接，但有not one, many a , no, each, every等修饰时，谓语动词用单数Each boy and each girl was congratulated.每个男孩和女孩都受到了祝贺。Every hour and every minute is important.每时每刻都是重要的。No man and no animal is to be found on the moon.在月球上没发现人和动物。二、代词作主语 关系代词who. that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 such、the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。Such is our plan. Such are his last words. all单独作主语时,指人，谓语用复数,指物，谓语用单数。Now all has been changed. All are present. 不定代词any、either、neither、none、some、morc等作主语其后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词,动词用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数；one of+名词复数引导定语从句，从句谓语用复数，the only one of +名词复数定语从句，从句谓语用单数.三、分数、数量词作主语 主语部分是“分数或百分数+of+名词/代词，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。【经典例句】Only three-fifths of the work was done yesterday.昨天只干完了 3/5 的工作。Two-thirds of the earths surface is covered by water.地球表面的 2/3 是水域。In the USA, 75 percent of the grain is used to feed animals.在美国 75%的谷物用来喂养动物。50 percent of the students arc girls in our college.我们学院 50%的学生是女生。 “a lot of、lots of plenty of a heap of heaps of、half of、die resl、most、20percenl part、some、all of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中。f后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。Lots of damage was caused by flood. a great deal ofx a large amount of a large quantity ot a large sum of + 不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单擞；large amounts of、quantities of+不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。A large quantity of people is needed here.Quantities of food (nuts) were still on the table. 表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.四、由连接词连接的名词作主语 用and或both . and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。特例：但如果并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，and后面的名词没有冠词。例句 Truth and honesty is the best policy. A teacher and writer will give the lecture.To love and to be loved is the great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the (able.ham and eggs, bread and butter, the needle and thread,cause and effect, the wheel and axle, law and order, a cup and saucer 遵循就远原则的词语as well as、as much as、no less than、along with、with、like、rather than、together with、but、except besides、including、in addition to 就近原则的词语 or、either . or、neither. nor、not only . but also例题拒ij I: The number of people invitedfifty, but a number of them absent for different reasons.A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were例 2： Either you or the headmaster(he prizes to these gifted students at (he meeting.A.is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out例 3: When and where to build the new factoryyet.A. is not decided B. arc not decidedC. has not decided D. have not decided例 4:A library with five thousand booksto the nation as a gift.A.is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered例 5: The police the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is searching for B. are searching for C. were searching for D. were searching例 6: The football teamhaving a bath now.A. is B. are C. was D. will例 7: The followingsome other examples.A. is B. are C. was D. were例 8 : The Nazi kept thosein their concentration camps.A. prisoner-of-warsC. prisoner-of-warB. prisoners of warsD. prisoners-of-warSection A：基础题1. No bird and no beastin the lonely island.D.seesA. are seenB. seenC. is seen2. Many a student seen this painting.A. hasB. haveC. wasD. were3. The Palmers chose to buy the house as its surroundings clean and quiet.A. wasB. beingC. had beenD. were4. How close parents are to their children a strong influence on the character of the children.A. haveB. havingC. hasD. to have5. A moderate decrease in house prices expected in the next few years.A. isB. areC. is beingD. had been6. More than 300 students of that school_ in the tutorial center for different purposes.A. have enrolledB. was enrolledC. has enrolledD. had enrolled7. The boy and the girl eachways to study languages.A. has their ownB. have their ownC. has his ownD. has her own8. Attending on-campus concertspart of the pleasure of college life.A. isB. areC. w山D. were9. A basket of oranges, bananas, pearson the counter and you are free to take what you like.A. placesB. are placedC. is placedD. were placed1(). Three pintsnot enough to get him drunk.A. isB. areC. canD. should11. A substantial portion of papersmissing owing to the removal to a new office building.A. isB. areC. hasD. have12. Is there any old equipment on sale in this second-hand store?Yes, .A. there are many old onesB. there are quite a fewC. there is quite a lotD. there is good deal13. Lots of adviceto them on howto fightagainst sandstorms.A. has givenB. arc givenC. was givenD.already gave14. Cattleon the hillside on a shiny afternoon.A. grazesB. is grazingC. was grazingD.were grazing15. A number of whalesby scientists in order to prove (hat (hey annually return (o Kailoura, a southernNew Zealand town.A. was chasedB. had been chasedC. has been chasedD. have been chased16. Many a nightspentaround campfires in his sleeping bag only to keep him warm whenhe slept.A. was . sleptB. were . sleepC. was . sleeping17. On the wall of his bedroom two of his favorite oil-paintings.A. hangsB. hangC. was hanging18. Seated under the treea group of students playing guitar.D. were. sleepingD. hangingA. wasB. there wasC. wereD. were there19. The supply of disposable towels and tooth-brushes in hotelsa negative part in protecting theenvironment.A. playB. are playingC. playsD. has been played_a growing awareness ofD. there arcD. are preserved20. Mixed with the benefits of X-rays in the medicine and archeological fields,the damage X-rays can do.A. isB. is thereC. arc1. If law and order, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.A. is not preserved B. are not preserved C. is preserved2. The gas works near the town newly-built, which provides convenience to the inhabitants there.A. isB. areC. wereD. had been3. Whisky and sodahis favorite drink.A. isB. areC. wereD. have been4. His Selected Poems first published in 1965.A. wereB. wasC. had beenD. has been5. When the bus crashed into a tree and leaned to one side, more than one passengertrying to open thejammed door.A wereB. areC. hadD. was6. One and a half orangeson the table stung by the flics.A. are leftB. is leftC. was remainedD. remain7. Though the overall crime rate is falling, the number of crimes involving juveniles.A. is risenB. is risingC. are risenD. are rising8. Either you or the principalthe prize to these gifted students at the meeting.A. is presenting B. are to presentC. are presenting D. is to present9. Every man, woman, and child in the health clubto realize the harm of smoking.A. comeB. has comeC. have begunD. start10. Many a man and many a womandoing exercise in (he garden every morning.A. get used toB. are used toC. used toD. is accustomed to11. The wind, together with the rain and fog, making sailing difficult.A. have beenB. wasC. / D. are12. Henrys imagination, as well as his sense of humor, delightful.A. are bothB. isC. haveD. has13. Milking the cows, in addition to several other chores, her responsibility.A. isB. areC. shouldD. had been14. Betty, not Anne and Carol, the gas station halfway on the field trip.A. have foundB. foundC. is foundD. has been found15. A largeof money is spent in buying cosmetics every year so she looks young even in her forties.D. qualityD. his. theyD. arcA. accountB. amountC. number16. Everyone should doduty, shouldnt?A. ones. his B. his. heC. their. they17. All that glittersnot gold.A. haveB. hasC.is18. The furniture on lhe fifth floor in the famous shopping center is quite different fromon the otherfloors.A. thatB. that oneC. thoseD. those ones19. five years since I graduated from school but I often recall the days with my fellow students.A. There have beenB. It isC. It wasD. Those are20. A considerable number of particleselectric charges.A. carriesB. carryC. carriedD. has carried