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构成：助动词构成：助动词had + 动词的过去分动词的过去分词（词（V.pp)用法：用法：强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前。强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前。强调强调 “过去的过去过去的过去” 他说他以前见过你。他说他以前见过你。He said that he _ (see) you before.had seen1. 用于宾语从句中，表示在说话前已完成。可和用于宾语从句中，表示在说话前已完成。可和already,never,ever,yet等连用。等连用。Eg: 1.他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。He told me that his team _ already _ (win).hadwon2. 她说她仍没去过长城。她说她仍没去过长城。She said that she _(not go to) the Great Wall yet.hadnt been to过去分词的构成：1. 规则动词的变化：a) 一般情况下在动词后面加 ed work - worked play - playedb) 以 e 结尾的动词直接加 d use - used refuse - refusedc) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，把 y 改 i 再加 edstudy - studiedcarry - carriedd) 以重读闭音节结尾的，前面有单个元音字母时，双写辅音字母，再加 edstop - stoppeddrop - dropped2. 不规则动词的变化见课本 18-19页过去完成时的构成过去完成时的构成：由助动词：由助动词had + 动词的过去分词（动词的过去分词（V.pp)2.还可与还可与when, before, as soon as, till/ until 等引导等引导时间状语的从句时间状语的从句连用，连用，强调动作发生的时间前后。强调动作发生的时间前后。eg：1. 她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。When she got home her children _(sleep).had slept2. 在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。Before they arrived here the film _ already _ (start).hadstartedLast night, as soon as I _(finish) my work I went to sleep.3. 我完成作业了就去睡觉了。我完成作业了就去睡觉了。had finished3. 表过去的过去已开始，这一动作表过去的过去已开始，这一动作一直一直持续持续或还将持续下去。或还将持续下去。By six oclock they _ (work)for eight hours. When I came to GZ , he _(be) there for a long time.1. 到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。2. 我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。had workedhad been3.到上个月底我们在北京住了有五年时间了。到上个月底我们在北京住了有五年时间了。By the end of last month we _(live) in Beijing for five years.had lived1. 到昨晚上，他已写完那封信。到昨晚上，他已写完那封信。By yesterday evening he _ (write) that letter.3. 当我进来时，他已做完了作业。当我进来时，他已做完了作业。When I came in he _(finish) his homework.过去完成时与过去完成时与 by then(截止到那时截止到那时); by 9 oclock(直到直到九点钟九点钟) by the end of (在在结束结束/末之前末之前); by the time(在在时之前时之前); up till then (直到那时直到那时); up until last night(直到昨晚）等连用，表示过去的过直到昨晚）等连用，表示过去的过去。去。had writtenhad finished时间标志词时间标志词1. After he _ (finish) his work he went out.had finished2. The children ran away after they _ (break) the window.had broken3. I went to Toms house but he _ (go) out.had gone4. Annie told me that his father _ ( go ) to Paris and he _ ( come ) back in a few days.had gonewould come5. My friend _ (buy) the car two years ago. He _ (buy) it for two years.boughthas had
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