高考英语语法总复习 5 非谓语动词课件

5.非谓语动词20172017年高考英语语法总复习年高考英语语法总复习 一、动词的ed形式 1动词ed形式作状语 (1)动词ed形式作状语，进一步说明谓语动词的动作或状态，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。 Used with care，one tin will last for six weeks. Clearly and thoughtfully writen，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answer. (2)某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示一种状态。这样的词(组)常见的有：lost (迷路的)，seated (坐)，hidden (躲)，stationed (驻扎)，lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)，dressed in (穿着)，tired of (感到厌倦)等。 Absorbed in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room. 2动词ed形式作定语 动词ed形式(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词之间在逻辑上存在被动关系，并表示该动作的被动或完成。 The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned to our shop for quality problems. 3动词ed形式作宾语补足语 动词ed形式作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。 The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed after great effort. 4动词ed形式作表语 动词ed形式作表语时，大多数是已经形容词化的过去分词。如：seated，disappointed，stuck，excited等。 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 二、动词的ing形式 1动词ing形式作状语 (1)动词的ing形式作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词的ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。 Pressed from his parents，and realizing that he has wasted too much time，the boy is determined to stop playing video games. There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，staring at the night sky. (2)动词ing形式有一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式，每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not构成。一般式(doing)表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作；被动式(being done)表示正在进行的被动的动作；完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作；完成被动式(having been done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。 Having been told many times，he finally understood it. The old man，having worked abroad for twenty years，came back to his motherland. Not having fully recovered from the operation，the patient was advised to stay in hospital for another two weeks. 2动词ing形式作定语 动词ing形式(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。 Theres a note pinned to the door saying when the shop will open again. 3动词ing形式作宾语补足语 动词ing形式作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。动词ing形式作宾语补足语强调正在进行中的主动动作。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see，watch，hear，observe，feel，find，have，keep等。 Jenny found a wallet lying on the ground. 4动词ing形式作宾语 (1)常接动词ing作宾语的动词(短语) advise (建议)，admit (承认)，appreciate (感激)，avoid (避免)，cant help (禁不住)，consider (考虑)，delay (推迟)，enjoy (欣赏)，escape (逃脱)，finish (完成)，imagine (想象)，keep (on) (继续)，mind (介意)，practice (练习)，suggest (建议)，miss (错过)，feel like (想要)，devote.to (把献给)，get used to (习惯于)，look forward to (期望)，object to (反对)，set about (开始)，put off (推迟)等。 I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. (2)可用动词ing，也可用不定式作宾语，但意义区别明显的动词 I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. (3)动词want，need，require意为“需要”时，后面跟动词ing主动式或动词不定式的被动式作宾语区别不大。 The flowers need/want/require watering/to be watered. (4)在动词allow，advise，forbid，permit后面直接跟动词ing作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则应用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow anyone to smoke here. 5动词ing形式作主语 动词ing形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。 (1)一般形式 Its not easy to learn English well. Reading as much as possible is necessary. (2)通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长，用it作形式主语，动词ing后置。 It is no good learning without practice. 三、动词不定式 1不定式作状语 (1)不定式用来作目的状语。作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，往往意为“为了；想要”。 Having finished her project，she was invited by the school to speak to the new students. (2)不定式用于so.as to.；such.as to；enough to.；too.to.；only to.等结构中作结果状语。 Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didnt fit. 不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别：不定式作结果状语往往表示意想不到的结果，而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。 It rained heavily in the south，causing serious flooding in several provinces. (3)不定式与形容词连用作原因状语。这些形容词主要有：happy，kind，surprised，frightened，angry，shocked，glad，delighted，disappointed等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. (4)在“beadj.(pleasant，nice，comfortable，hard，easy等)to do sth.”结构中，常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 In many peoples opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant to deal with. 2不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语多表示将来的动作。 We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 3have，get后作宾补的三种非谓语动词形式 have，get作“使、让、叫”讲时，其后可接“动词ed形式，动词ing形式和动词不定式”这三种形式作宾补。 (1)have sth.done get sth.done使/让某事被别人所做；使某物遭受 Every year，Tom remembers to have some flowers sent to her mother on her birthday. Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. have sth. to do“有事情要做”。在此结构中，不定式作定语。 Im sorry，I cant go out with you. I have an urgent thing to settle. .用所给动词的适当形式填空 1_(free)ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness. 2I hope to take the computer courese. Good idea._(find)out more about it，visit this website. 3_(spend)nearly all our money，we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel. 4_(work)out the difficult maths problem，I have consulted Professor Russell several times. 5Group activities will be organized after class_(help)children develop team spirit. 6_(spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her age. 7The lecture_(give)，a lively questionandanswer session followed. 8Last night，there were millions of people_(watch)the opening ceremony live on TV. 9There are still many problems_(solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 10He is thought _ (act)foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 11When it comes to _ (speak)in public，no one can match him. 12Its quite hot today. Do you feel like _(go)for a swim? 13The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore，he can go shopping without _(recognize) 14Its standard practice for a company like this one _(employ)a security officer. 15The room is empty except for a bookshelf_(stand) in one corner. 16I stopped the car_(take) a short break as I was feeling tired. 17_(eat) at the cafeteria before，Tina didnt want to eat there again. 18Let those in need_(understand) that we will go all out to help them. 19The witnesses_(question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. 20Not_(know) which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice. 21The airport_(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 22In some languages，100 words make up half of all words_(use) in daily conversations. 23They might just have a place_(leave) on the writing coursewhy dont you give it a try? 24The sunlight is white and blinding，_(throw) hardedged shadows on the ground. 25When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，_(tell) me stories till I fell asleep. 26The engine just wont start.Something seems_(go) wrong with it. 27_(hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. 28There are some health problems that，when not_(treat) in time，can become bigger ones later on. 答案 1.To free2.To find3.Having spent4.To work 5to help6.Having spent7.having been given 8watching9.to be solved10.to have acted11.speaking 12going13.being recognized14.to employ 15standing16.to take17.Having eaten18.understand 19questioned20.knowing21.to be completed22.used23.left24.throwing25.telling 26.to have gone 27Hearing28.treated .语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文) Freud was one of the first scientists 1._(make) serious research of the mind.The mind is the collection of activities 2._(base) in the brain that involve how we act，think，feel and reason. He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams 3._(search) for the causes of mental and emotional problems.He also tried hypnosis.He wanted to see if 4._(put) patients into a sleeplike condition would help ease 5._(trouble) minds.In most cases he found the effects only temporary.Freud worked hard，although what he did might sound easy.His method involved 6._(sit) with his patients and 7._(listen) to them talk.He had them 8._(talk) about whatever they were thinking.All ideas，thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to 9._(express)There could be no 10._(hold) back because of fear or guilt. 答案 1.to make2.based3.to search4.putting 5troubled6.sitting7.listening8.talk 9be expressed10.holding