高考英语语法总复习 4 情态动词和虚拟语气课件

4.情态动词和虚拟语气20172017年高考英语语法总复习年高考英语语法总复习 一、情态动词 1can和could的用法 (1)表示“能力”。 Even a child can operate the computer，let alone an adult. (2)表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。 How could you do such a silly thing? (3)表示可能。 It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes. (4)cannot. too/enough表示“无论也不过分”；“越越好”。 I cant thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 2may和might的用法 (1)may和might表示“许可、可能性、祝愿”等意义。 在给予别人许可时，常用can，但有时也用may。不能用might。 May I take the book out? Im afraid not. “may as well动词原形”意为“最好；倒不如”。 We may as well stay where we are. (2)may作“可以”讲时，其否定式常用“mustnt”表示“禁止”；must作“必须”讲时，其否定式是“neednt”，表示“不必”。 May I take this book out of the reading room? No，you mustnt. You read it in here. 3must的用法 (1)表示禁止(用于否定句)。 The new law states that people mustnt drive after drinking alcohol. (2)表示“偏执；固执”。 If you must go，at least wait until the storm is over. 4shall的用法 (1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。 What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow，sir? I havent decided on the time.But I will call you. (2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 No driving electric motor bikes in some areas is a rule that you shall obey in Fuzhou. 5will和would的用法 作情态动词的will，would与作助动词的will，would的各种形式相同。 (1)表示自愿做或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决心等。would用于过去的情况。 Goodbye，John. Come back again sometime. Sure. I will. Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I wanted to，but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night. (2)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。 Every morning he will have a walk along this river. (3)would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 When we worked in the same firm several years ago，we would often go to the cinema together. 6情态动词have过去分词 (1)can/could have done表示“本来可以做，而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中cant have done多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“不可能做过”。 Do you know where David is？I couldnt find him anywhere. Well.He cant have gone farhis coats still here. I could have saved the poor rabbit，but I didnt have the right drugs with me at that moment. (2)may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。此外might have done可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。 Sorry，Im late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. (3)must have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定；想必”，语气十分肯定。 Jack described his father，who must have been a brave boy many years ago，as a strongwilled man. (4)should have done表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做；shouldnt have done表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。 I shouldnt have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams. (5)ought to have done表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做；ought not to have done表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法与should相同，也往往含有责备的意味。 You ought to have come to the party yesterday，but why didnt you come? (6)neednt have done表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。 Mark neednt have hurried. After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early. 二、虚拟语气 1非真实条件句中虚拟语气的用法if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might动词原形表示过去情况had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词表示未来情况should动词原形should/would/could/might动词原形动词过去式were to动词原形 We would be back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map. If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow，we would take photos. 若条件句中有were，had，should，可把if省略，而把were，had，should放在主语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。 Were there no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. Should it rain tomorrow，we would have to cancel the football match. 2错综时间虚拟条件句 If you had worked hard，you would be very tired now.(从句指过去，主句指现在) 3含蓄虚拟语气 有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表达，而是由otherwise，but，or，without，but for等来引导。 I was so busy then，otherwise I would have gone to help him. I would have come sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me. 4某些从句中虚拟语气的用法 (1)表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等含义的动词后宾语从句和同位语从句时用虚拟语气，形式为：(should)动词原形。常这样用的动词有：advise劝告，demand要求，desire渴望，command命令，insist坚决要求，prefer宁愿，urge主张，order命令，recommend 劝告；建议，request要求，require要求，suggest建议，以及这些词的名词形式。 Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. (2)wish后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气。 对现在情况的假设： wish主语动词过去式(be用were) 对过去情况的假设： wish主语had过去分词 对将来情况的假设： wish主语would动词原形 How much of the foreign experts speech have you understood? Next to nothing. I wish I had worked harder at English. (3)would rather后跟从句时用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”。 We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer. (4)在“It is (about/high) timethat从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should动词原形”表示虚拟语气。 It is high time that people learnt/should learn English. (5)在as if从句中，看语境是否与事实相反而选择是否使用虚拟语气。 It looks as if its going to rain. She talked about it again and again as if she would never end. (6)if only 引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。 Look at the trouble were in. If only we had taken our teachers advice! .在下列各句中填入适当的情态动词 1Since nobody gave him any help，he_have done the research on his own. 2Why are your eyes so red？You_have slept well last night. Yeah，I stayed up late writing a report. 3My mom suggests that we_eat out for a change this weekend. 4He_sleep，although he tried to，when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it. 5It_be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words. 6What are you doing this Saturday? Im not sure，but I_go to the Rolling Stones concert. 7When I was a child，I_watch TV whenever I wanted to. 8You neednt take an umbrella.It isnt going to rain. Well，I dont know.It_do. 9Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He_too much at the party last night. 10Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I_find the money. 11One of our rules is that every student_wear school uniform while at school. 12_you interrupt now？Cant you see Im on the phone? Sorry Sir，but its urgent. 13Days later，my brother called to say he was all right，but_(not) say where he was. 14Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnice. Do you mean we_bring anything with us? 15I still remember my happy childhood when my mother_ take me to Disneyland on weekends. 16It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，_bring me food. 17Life is unpredictable；even the poorest_become the riches. 18Ive ordered some pizza，so we_worry about cooking when we get home tired. 19_ I have a word with you？It wont take long. 20My book，The House of Hades，is missing.Who_have taken it? 答案 1.must2.cant3.should4.couldnt 5couldnt6.might7.could8.might9.must have drunk10.can11.shall12.Must13.wouldnt 14neednt15.would16.should17.might 18neednt19.Can20.could .用所给动词的适当形式填空 1If MrDewey_(be)present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. 2They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or they_to our help. 3People are recycling many things which they_(throw)away in the past. 4It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I_(do)it? 5Had they known what was coming next，they_(have) second thoughts. 6Dont handle the vase as if it_(be) made of steel. 7Sorry，I am too busy now.If I_(have) time，I would certainly go for an outing with you. 8Where are the children？The dinners going to be completely ruined. I wish they_(not be) always late. 9He insisted he_(send) to the city. 10His expression suggested that he_(pass) the test. 答案 1.had been2.would have come3.would have thrown4.had done5.might have had6.were7.had 8werent9.(should) be sent10.had passed .语篇填空(用适当的情态动词完成下列短文) Miss Fang 1._(not) read for very long without getting a headache.Her mother told her that she 2._go to the Health Service and see a doctor.“You 3._see a doctor as soon as possible，”she said.“You 4._need glasses.” When Miss Fang had free time，she went to the Health Service.The appointment clerk said that the doctor 5._see her at 330. Miss Fang replied that she 6._not be able to be there at 330 because she had a class then.“The doctor 7._take you at about ten to four，”the appointment clerk suggested. “8._I put you down for ten to four，or 9._you rather come tomorrow？” Miss Fang thought she 10._(not) waste any more time.The teacher 11._be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early，as he was always so kind to everyone.And she replied，“I think I 12._make it at ten to four.” Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher，“13._I leave at 345 today？I 14._have an eye examination.”As expected，the teacher said，“Yes，of course you 15._” 答案 1.couldnt2.should3.should4.might5.could 6would7.might8.Shall9.would10.shouldnt11.shouldnt12.can13.May/Can14.must15.can