高考英语语法总复习 1 动词的时态和语态课件

1.动词的时态和语态20172017年高考英语语法总复习年高考英语语法总复习 一、动词的时态 1一般现在时 (1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状态、特征。句中常用often，usually，every day等时间状语。 They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder. On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. (2)表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象，无论在什么情况下都用一般现在时表示。 “Life is like walking in the snow，”Granny used to say，“because every step shows So what is the procedure? All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority. (3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用现在时代替将来时。 Youd better write down her phone number before you forget it. (4)表示按计划、时刻表规定要发生的动作，但限于少数动词。如begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close等。 The flight takes off at 230 every Wednesday and Friday. 2一般过去时 (1)表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用(或上下文语境有暗示)；用于表示过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。 Last summer，two nineteenthcentury cottages were rescued from remote farm fields in Montaria，to be moved to an Art Deco building in San Francisco. Michaels father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970，almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. (2)注意句型：was/were about to do. when.中when后从句的动词用过去式。 I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 3现在完成时 常用的时间状语有：so far，recently，lately，once/twice/three.times，before，ever，by now，in the last/past few years，over a long time，up to now，yet，already，just，since等。主要用于以下几种情况： (1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 How much do you know about The Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing? Well，the media have covered it in a variety of forms. (2)表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 They have been good friends since they met at a meeting. Shakespeares play Hamlet has been made into at least ten different films over the past years. (3)下列句型中常用现在完成时。 It is (has been)一段时间since从句 This (That/It) is the first (second.) timethat从句 This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。 We wont start the work until all the preparations have been made. 4过去完成时 (1)过去某一时间或某一动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态。过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，还可能持续下去。常与for，since等构成的时间状语连用。 He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all，he had had it for a very long time. We first met on a train in 2016.We both felt immediately that we had known each other for years. (2)有些动词有时用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。这类动词常见的有：hope，plan，mean，expect，intend，suppose，want，think等。 I had hoped to be back last night，but I didnt catch the train. (3)在特殊句式hardly/scarcely.when.；no sooner.than.中，主句常用过去完成时，该句式意为“一就；刚就”。 Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. 5将来完成时 将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为“by将来的某个时间”。 I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car. I know. By next month，he will have saved enough for a used one. 6现在进行时 表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时的一个动作；表近期特定的安排或计划；go，come等表示起止动作的动词可用进行时代替将来时。 You are always studying in the library.Why not have a picnic this afternoon? 7过去进行时 (1)过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某动作在某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。 Did you catch what I said? Sorry. I was answering a text message just now. She was phoning someone，so I nodded to her and went away. (2)某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行，其中的持续性动作用过去进行时，短暂性动作用一般过去时。 I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. Im so sorry. But I was doing my homework. 8现在完成进行时 (1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且现在还在进行。 The girl has a great interest in sport and has been taking badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. (2)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，在说话时刚刚结束。 Where have you been？We have been looking for you everywhere. 9将来进行时 将来进行时可用于表示将来某个时刻正在发生的动作或者将来某一段时间内正在进行的动作。将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。这些常见的标志性状语有：at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow，from 130 to 430 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow。 Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon? Im sorry，but by then I will be flying to Beijing. How about five？ 二、动词的语态 英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 做有关被动语态的题目可以分两步走：第一步确定正确的时态，第二步确定正确的语态。判断用主动语态还是用被动语态的根据是看主语与谓语动词之间的关系：如果是主谓关系则用主动语态，如果是动宾关系则用被动语态。时间一般时态进行时态完成时态现在am/is/are writtenam/is/are being writtenhas/have been written过去was/were writtenwas/were being writtenhad beenwritten将来shall/will be written被动语态的构成(以write为例) 1.get过去分词表被动 They got married last week. He fell and got hurt. 2主动形式表被动意义 (1)系动词look，feel，sound，smell，taste，seem，appear，go，prove，turn等形容词/名词。 The dish tastes delicious. His plan proved (to be) practical. (2)表示主语的某种属性的词：read，write，drive，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，shut等，其主语往往是物。 What about the books? Books of this kind sell well. The door wont open. The pen writes smoothly. (3)be worth后常接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 A lot of small towns in the area are definitely worth visiting. (4)need，want，require，deserve等动词后用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 Most house plants require regular watering. 学以致用 .用所给动词的适当形式填空 1Since the time humankind started gardening，we _(try)to make our environment more beautiful. 2They made up their mind that they _(buy)a new house once Larry changed jobs. 3Tony，why are your eyes red? I _(cut)up peppers for the last five minutes. 4James has just arrived，but I didnt know he _(come)until yesterday. 5Hi，lets go skating. Sorry，Im busy right now.I _(fill)in an application form for a new job. 6Writing out all the invitations by hand was more timeconsuming than we _(expect) 7Sofia looked around at all the faces：she had the impression that she _(see)most of the guests before. 8I found the lecture hard to follow because it _(start)when I arrived. 9The twins，who _(finish)their homework，were allowed to play badminton in the playground. 10Whenever you _(buy)a present，you shold think about it from the receivers point of view. 11What time is it? I have no idea.But just a minute，I _(check)it for you. 12I_(come) to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel. 13At no time_(do) they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them. 14We are confident that the environment_(improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 15I didnt think Id like the movie，but actually it_(be) pretty good. 16Jim_(watch) a latenight film at home when，right in the middle of a thrilling scene，the television went blank. 17Bob called to tell his mother that he couldnt enter the house，for he_(leave) his key at school. 18The school board is made up of parents who_(elect) to make decisions about school affairs. 19Hurry up，kids！The school bus_(wait) for us! 20We_(leave) very early so we packed the night before. 21If we_(not act) now to protect the environment，well live to regret it. 22When I first met Bryan I didnt like him，but I_(change) my mind. 23During the last three decades，the number of people participating in physical fitness programs_(increase) sharply. 24I felt very tired when I got home，and I_(go) straight to bed. 25A Midsummer Nights Dream_(open) at the Theatre Royal on 19th June，and then tours throughout Scotland. 答案1.have been trying2.would buy3.have been cutting4.was coming5.am filling6.had expected7.had seen8.had started9.had finished10.buy11.will check12.was coming13.did14.will be improved15.was16.was watching17.had left18.have been elected19.is waiting20.were leaving21.dont act22.have changed23.has increased24.went25.opens .语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)A It was getting dark when I 1._(get) home.It was cold and I 2._(wear) a coat.I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket to take out the key，but I couldnt find it.I suddenly remembered that I 3._(leave) it on my desk in the office.It really didnt make any difference.I knew my wife 4._(be) at home and the children must have come back from school by now，so I 5._(knock) at the door.There was no answer.I 6._(continue) knocking at the door for some time.I 7._(get) angry.Then I remembered something the office boy 8._(tell) me at noon.He said that my wife 9._(phone) saying that she 10._(go) shopping in the afternoon with the children.It seemed that nothing 11._(can do) and I 12._(shut) out of my house. 答案1.got2.was wearing3.had left4.was 5knocked6.continued7.was getting8.had told 9had phoned10.would go11.could be done12.would be shut B Welcome to our school.Id like to introduce plans for our school to you. A lot of work 1._(do) in the past few years. The library 2._(complete) and is ready for use.But well still have to do more work.A new biology lab 3._(build) this year.But we dont have enough money for the equipment. Students in all grades 4._(collect) money.The money which is collected 5._(spend) on new equipment.At present，a plan 6._(make) for a party at the end of the term，at which wonderful performances 7._(put) on. The gardens of the school 8._(improve) this year.New trees 9._(plant) which will soon give shade in summer.The whole school 10._(paint) during the summer holidays.In fact，our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 答案1.has been done2.has been completed3.is being built4.are collecting5.will be spent6.is being made 7will be put8.are being improved9.are being planted 10is going to be painted