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精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上1999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section IStructure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)1.Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery _ just around the corner was untrue.A would beB to beC was（D）D being2.Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills _ people each year than automobile accidents.A seven more timesB seven times moreC over seven times（B）D seven times3.Its easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes _ place in our ever-changing world.A takingB to takeC take（A）D taken4.This is an exciting area of study, and one _ which new applications are being discovered almost daily.A fromB byC in（C）D through5._ can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of his condition.A AsB WhatC That（A）D It6.Although I had been invited to the opening ceremony, I was unable to attend _ such short notice.A toB inC with（D）D on7.California has more light than it knows _ to do with but everything else is expensive.A howB whatC which（B）D where8.The solution works only for couples who are self-employed, dont have small children and get along _ to spend most of their time together.A so wellB too wellC well as（D）D well enough9.Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about _ compliments to his political leaders.A payingB having paidC to pay（C）D to have paid10.These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than _ in traditional media.A existB existsC existing（A）D to existPart BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C, and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)11.Your math instructor happy to give you a makeup examination and that your parents ill at the time.（D were）12.As the children become independent the family, the emphasis family financial security will shift from protection for the retirement years.（D saving）13. the Times Co. to purchase another major media company, there is no doubt that it dramatically transform a enterprise that still gets 90% of revenues from newspapers.（C family-run）14.Symposium talks will cover of subjects over-fishing to physical and factors that affect the of different species.（C environmental）15.Conversation calls for willingness to alternate the role of speaker with of , and it calls for occasional digestive pauses both.（B that）16.If two theories are equal their ability to account a body of data, the theory that with the smaller number of assumptions is .（A in）17.The Committee adopted a resolution the seven automakers the most cars in the state 2 percent of those vehicles by 1998.（C to make）18. poor people, who in general are colored, are richer people, who in general are , theres going to be a constant racial conflict in the world.（D skinned）19.All those may sound in theory, but even the has great difficulty it comes to specifics.（B great）20. automakers modify commercially produced cars to run alternative , the cars wont catch on in a big way drivers can fill them up at the gas station.（D until）Part CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)21.An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to _ further research and further thinking about a particular topic.A stimulateB renovateC arouse（A）D advocate22.Although architecture has artistic qualities, it must also satisfy a number of important practical _.A obligationsB regulationsC observations（D）D considerations23.Life insurance is financial protection for dependents against loss _ the bread-winners death.A at the cost ofB on the verge ofC as a result of（C）D for the sake of24.In education there should be a good _ among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment.A distributionB balanceC combination（B）D assignment25.The American dream is most _ during the periods of productivity and wealth generated by American capitalism.A plausibleB patrioticC primitive（A）D partial26.Poverty is not _ in most cities although, perhaps because of the crowded conditions in certain areas, it is more visible there.A rareB temporaryC prevalent（C）D segmental27.People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in _ populated areas.A denselyB intenselyC abundantly（A）D highly28.As a way of _ the mails while they were away, the Johnsons asked the cleaning lady to send little printed slips asking the senders to write again later.A picking upB coping withC passing out（B）D getting across29.Toms mother tried hard to persuade him to _ from his intention to invest his savings in stock market.A pull outB give upC draw in（D）D back down30.An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced medical _, will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.A interferenceB interruptionC intervention（C）D interaction31.These causes produced the great change in the country that modernized the _ of higher education from the mid-1860s to the mid-1880s.A branchB categoryC domain（C）D scope32.Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the _ in the financial system will drag down the economy.A shallownessB shakinessC scantiness（B）D stiffness33.Crisis would be the right term to describe the _ in many animal species.A minimizationB restrictionC descent（D）D decline34.The city is an important railroad _ and industrial and convention center.A conjunctionB networkC junction（C）D link35.Prof. White, my respected tutor, frequently reminds me to _ myself of every chance to improve my English.A assureB informC avail（C）D notify36.Researchers discovered that plants infected with a virus give off a gas that _ disease resistance in neighboring plants.A contractsB activatesC maintains（B）D prescribes37.Corporations and labor unions have _ great benefits upon their employees and members as well as upon the general public.A conferredB grantedC flung（A）D submitted38.The movement of the moon conveniently provided the unit of month, which was _ from one new moon to the next.A measuredB reckonedC judged（B）D assessed39.The judge ruled that the evidence was inadmissible on the grounds that it was _ to the issue at hand.A irrationalB unreasonableC invalid（D）D irrelevant40.Fuel scarcities and price increases _ automobile designers to scale down the largest models and to develop completely new lines of small cars and trucks.A persuadedB promptedC imposed（B）D enlightenedSection IICloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them and active. When the work is well done, a of accident-free operations is established time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.Successful safety programs may greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by rules or regulations. others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety . The fewer the injury , the better the workmans insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at or at a loss.41.A atB inC on（D）D with42.A aliveB vividC mobile（A）D diverse43.A regulationB climateC circumstance（B）D requirement44.A whereB howC what（A）D unless45.A alterB differC shift（B）D distinguish46.A constitutingB aggravatingC observing（C）D justifying47.A SomeB ManyC Even（D）D Still48.A comes offB turns upC pays off（C）D holds up49.A claimsB reportsC declarations（A）D proclamations50.A an advantageB a benefitC an interest（D）D a profitSection IIIReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1Its a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers misfortunes.Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might - surprise! - fall off. The label on a childs Batman cape cautions that the toy “does not enable user to fly.”While warnings are often appropriate and necessary - the dangers of drug interactions, for example - and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isnt clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court.Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldnt have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. “Were really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets arent designed to prevent those kinds of injuries,” says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athletes injury. At the same time, the American Law Institute - a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight - issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. “Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,” says a law professor at Cornell law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.51.What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened?A Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits.B Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.C Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.（B）D Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.52.Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to _.A satisfy customers by writing long warnings on productsB become honest in describing the inadequacies of their productsC make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability（C）D feel obliged to view customers safety as their first concern53.The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that _.A some injury claims were no longer supported by lawB helmets were not designed to prevent injuriesC product labels would eventually be discarded（A）D some sports games might lose popularity with athletes54.The authors attitude towards the issue seems to be _.A biasedB indifferentC puzzling（D）D objectiveText 2In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because businesspeople typically know what product theyre looking for.Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. “Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,” says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the companys private intranet.Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to “pull” customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “push” information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a companys Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. Thats a prospect that horrifies Net purists.But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, A, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.55.We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business _.A has been striving to expand its marketB intended to follow a fanciful fashionC tried but in vain to control the market（A）D has been booming for one year or so56.Speaking of the online technology available for marketing, the author implies that _.A the technology is popular with many Web usersB businesses have faith in the reliability of online transactionsC there is a radical change in strategy（C）D it is accessible limitedly to established partners57.In the view of Net purists, _.A there should be no marketing messages in online cultureB money making should be given priority to on the WebC the Web should be able to function as the television set（D）D there should be no online commercial information without requests58.We learn from the last paragraph that _.A pushing information on the Web is essential to Internet commerceB interactivity, hospitality and security are important to online customersC leading companies began to take the online plunge decades ago（B）D setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing powerText 3An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction - indeed, contradiction - which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom.An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyones job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computered advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement.There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely dif
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