【高一阅读】高一英语阅读理解：地理类(总14页)

高一阅读理解:地理类(1)The United States has many different kinds of climates. On the northwest coast, the temperature changes very little between summer and winter, but the north central states have a very different kind of climate. In those states, people wear light clothes in summer, and they need heavy woolen clothes in winter.In the southwest mast, the climate is rainy and warm during the winter, but the summer is dry and hot. In the northeast of the United States, summer temperatures are very different from winter temperatures. Summer is usually hot, and winter is usually cold. Spring temperatures are warm, and fall temperatures are cool.Years ago, people in the cold parts of the United States didnt often get fresh vegetables and fresh fruits during the summer. Today, however, trucks and trains carry fruits and vegetables very quickly to all parts of the United States. In this way, Americans “send their climates” to people in other states.1. The summer and winter temperatures are almost the same _. A. in the northeastern statesB. on the north central statesC. on the western states D. on the northwest coast2. The word “fall” in this passage means _. A. dropB. downC. autumnD. spring3. Today people _ can get fresh vegetables and fruits.A. in the north central statesB. in every part of the USAC. in the cold parts of the USAD. in the southwest part of the USA4. From this passage we know that the climate of the United States _. A. is always very coldB. is warm in winterC. is widely differentD. changes very little between summer and winter5. From Paragraph 2 we know that the climate of the southwest coast is _. (请结合所学的地理知识作答)A. Maritime (海洋性) climate.B. Savanna (热带草原) climate.C. Mediterranean (地中海) climate.D. Tropical rainforest (热带雨林) climate. (2)The Erie canal (运河) was the first important national waterway built in the US. It crossed New York from Buffalo on Lake Erie Troy to Albany on the Hudson River. It joined the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. The canal served as a route over which industrial goods could flow into the west, and materials could pour into the east. The Erie canal helped New York develop into the nations largest city. The building of the canal was paid for entirely by the state of New York. It cost $ 7 143 789, but it soon gained its price many times over. Between 1825, when the canal was opened, and 1882, when toll charges (过运河费) were stopped, the state collected $ 121 461 891. For a hundred years before the Erie was built, people had been talking about a canal which could join the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean. The man who planned the Erie Canal and carried the plan through was De Witt Clinton. Those who were against the canal laughingly called it “Clintons Ditch(沟)”. Clinton talked and wrote about the canal and drew up plans for it. He and Governor Morris went to Washington in 1812 to ask for help for the canal, but they were unsuccessful. Clinton became governor of New York in 1817, and shortly afterwards, on July 4, 1817, broke ground for the canal in Rome, N. Y. The first part of the canal was completed in 1820. As the canal grew, towns along its course developed fast. The length of the canal is 363 miles. 1. We can see that the Erie Canal _. A. joined the Great Lakes together B. crossed New York from north to southC. played an important part in developing New York CityD. was the first waterway built in the US2. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The Erie Canal brought profits of over $ 114 000 000. B. Its 363 miles from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. C. The West was more advanced than the East when the canal was built. D. Many other states helped New York built the canal. 3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Clinton broke ground for the canal at both ends. B. Clinton started building the canal before he became governor. C. All parts of the canal were completed at the same time. D. Construction of the canal took eight years. （3）Great Britain is an island that lies off the northwest of Europe. The nearest country is France, which is twenty miles away, from which Great Britain is separated by the English Channel. The island is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the West, and the North Sea to the east. It comprises the mainland of England, Wales and Scotland, which are three countries. Scotland is in the north Ireland which is also an island, lies off the west coast of Great Britain. It is made up of Northern Ireland and Irish Republic. Great Britain together with Northern Ireland makes the United Kingdom. Thus, the United Kingdom is made up of four countries. The largest of three is England which is divided into 43 administration counties (行政郡). The capital city is London, which lies in the southeast England. 1. Which of the following can best replace the word “comprises”? A. includes B. makes C. separates D. becomes2. The United Kingdom is made up of _. A. England, Scotland and Wales B. England and Ireland C. Great Britain and the Irish Republic D. Great Britain and Northern Ireland3. Great Britain lies in the _ of the Atlantic Ocean. A. west B. north C. east D. south4. Which of the following shows the right relationship (关系) between Great Britain, England and Scotland? A. Great BritainScotlandEngland B. EnglandGreat BritainScotland C. Great BritainEnglandScotlandD. EnglandScotlandGreat Britain（4）The famous Lorelei rock a famous scenic spot in Germany, lies between the towns of Koblenz and Mainz. At Koblenz River Morco joins the Rhine and River Main does the same at Mainz. The largest town on the Main is Frankfurt while Heidelberg is a famous town on the Nickar; Upstream from the Rhine is the town of Worms in the part of Germany called Rhineland. Further upstream in the northern part of Black Forest is the resort (胜地) of Black Baden. River Rhine forms the border between Germany and France in the west, and Germany and Switzerland in the south. 1. The Rhine flows through _. A. France B. Germany C. Switzerland D. the three countries above2. The towns of _ are on the Rhine. A. Koblenz, Mainz and Heidelberg B. Koblenz, Mainz and FrankfurtC. Koblenz, Mainz and Worms D. Koblenz, Mainz, Worms and Heidelberg3. The town of Mainz lies _. A. in the Rhineland B. in the northern part of Black ForestC. where the Main joins the Rhine D. in the Black Forest 4. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Germany lies on the north of Switzerland. B. France lies to the west of the Rhine. C. Switzerland lies to the south of the Rhine. D. Germany lies to the north of the Rhine. （5）Mauritius is a tiny island country in the west of the Indian Ocean. It is an important place controlling the sea-lanes (航海) from the South Atlantic to the Indian Ocean. To the west of it, there is another country Madagascar. It is about 2 252 kilometers away from the east coast of Africa. The capital, Port Louis, just lies in the northwest of the country. It is only 1 870 square kilometers in area. Mauritius had been a waste island until 1683 when the Dutch came and introduced the sugar cane (甘蔗). France took over in 1721, bringing African slaves. British ruled from 1810 to March 12th, 1968, bringing Indian workers for the sugar plantation (种植). Mauritius has a free political life. The citizens are well educated and long-loved. The 1970s brought dropping birth rates (比率) and some economic growth. 1. The first citizens in Mauritius were the _. A. Dutch B. French C. Africans D. natives2. The people who ruled Mauritius for the longest time were _. A. Dutch B. French C. British D. Americans（6）Ethiopia is an African country. It lies between Sudan on the west and Somalia on the east. To its north is the Red Sea. On the south it borders with Kenya. No other country in Africa is so rugged (崎岖不平的). Every year many visitors come to the country for a visit. Most Ethiopians are farmers. Coffee is the most important crop. There is little industry. Several different peoples live in Ethiopia. Some are black, but others are descended(是的后代) from people of western Asia. Many are of mixed race. The official language is Amharic and its capital is Addis Ababa. Ethiopia was once named Abyssinia. It had been ruled by Emperor Haile Selassie until 1974, when the armed forces took power and removed the emperor. 1. What do the Ethiopians depend on? A. Farming. B. Industry. C. Fishing. D. Coffee. 2. Of all the countries in Africa, Ethiopia has the most _. A. coffee B rugged land C. farmers D. visitors3. Which of the following is true? A. Most of the Ethiopians are black. B. Amharic is the only language. C. Addis Ababa is the most important city. D. The head of the country is Emperor. 4. From the passage we can learn that _. A. Ethiopia is a very rich country B. Ethiopians like Haile Selassie C. Ethiopia has a very short history D. Ethiopia is a developed country（7）Texas was the biggest state before Alaska became the forty-ninth state in 1959. One good way to understand the size of Texas is to learn about its weather. Different parts of the state have different kinds of weather. Laredo, Texas is one of the hottest cities in the US in summer. The best time to visit Laredo is in the winter, when it is pleasantly warm. Amarillo gets very cold in winter. There is sometimes more snow in Amarillo than in New York, which is a northern city. Summers are better, but sometimes it gets quite hot. The best time to visit Amarillo is in the autumn when it is cool. If anyone asks you about the weather in Texas, ask him, “What part of Texas do you mean?”1. The passage mainly tells us _. A. what the weather is like in the US B. how big the biggest city in the USC. the weather in Texas is quite differentD. Texas is one of the biggest states in the US2. From this passage we may know _. A. Texas is the biggest city in the USB. Alaska is the biggest city in the US C. there are not less than 49 states in the US D. Texas became a state of the US after Alaska3. According to the passage, Texas probably lies in the _ of the US.A. east B. south C. west D. north4. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Alaska is the biggest of all the states in the US. B. Texas is the forty-eighth state in the US. C. Alaska has been a state of the US only a little over 30 years. D. In winter, usually New York is colder than Amarillo. (8)Valencia is in the east part of Spain. It has a port on the sea, two miles away on the coast. It is the capital of a province that is also named Valencia. The city is a market center for what is produced by the land around the city. Most of the citys money is made from farming. It is also a busy business city, with ships, railways, clothes and machine factories. Valencia has an old part with white buildings, coloured roofs and narrow streets. The modern part has long, wide streets and new buildings. Valencia is well known for its parks and gardens. It has many old churches and museums. The university in the center of the city was built in the 13th century. The city of Valencia has been known since the 2nd century. In the 8th century it was the capital of Spain. There is also an important city in Venezuela named Valencia. 1. Valencia is the capital of _. A. Spain B. Venezuela C. Valencia D. Uganda2. Valencia is famous for its _. A. farm products B. parks and gardens C. clothes and machines D. ships and railways3. Which of the following things can not be seen in the old part of Valencia?A. Shops. B. Factories. C. White buildings. D. Wide streets.4. Another city named Valencia is in _. A. Asia B. Africa C. North America D. South AmericaKeys:(1)【答案与解析】这篇文章简略地介绍了美国的气候情况。1. D。由第2段的叙述On the northwest coast, the temperature changes very little between summer and winter，我们可以确定选项D是正确的。2. C。在fall的前面，summer, spring, winter (春夏冬) 都谈到了，那只剩下秋autumn，所以选C。3. B。最后一段中谈到：以前只有一部分地区才有新鲜水果供应，现在由于有了tracts and trains，也就是交通运输方便了，所以All parts of the United States都有水果供应了，据此我们应选答案B。4. C。根据文章的首句The United States has many different kinds of climates，就可以知道美国的天气是多样化的，即答案C。5. C。我们根据第2段的第1句In the southwest mast, the climate is rainy and warm during the winter, but the summer is dry and hot，加上地理知识就可以推测出C这个答案了。(2)【答案解析】本文讲述了伊利运河的修建过程及对沿河两岸发展的巨大作用。1. C。细节题。根据第 1 段 The Erie canal helped New York develop into the nations largest city 可知伊利河在纽约发展中起了巨大作用，故选 C。2. A。细节题。根据第 2 段 the state collected $ 121 461 891 和 It cost $ 7 143 789，两数相减可知答案为 A。3. D。细节题。根据第 4 段 on July 4, 1817, broke ground for the canal in Rome 和第 3段 Between 1825, when the canal was opened 可知建造运河花了 8 年时间，故选 D。(3)【答案与解析】此篇短文是关于大不列颠群岛的地理位置及其主要组成部分。1. A。从上下文意思可推知其为“包括”的意思，故答案选A。2. D。从 Great Britain together with Northern Ireland makes the United Kingdom 可知答案为 D。3. C。从The island is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the West 可知群岛是位于大西洋的东部，所以答案选C。4. C。从 It comprises the mainland of England, Wales and Scotland 和The largest of three is England可知答案为C。(4)【答案与解析】本文主要是讲德国著名的风景区Lorelei rock的地理位置以及the Rhine 流经的区域。1. D。推断题。从文中最后一句可得出答案为D。2. C。细节题。从 At Koblenz River Morco joins the Rhine and River Main does the same at Mainz.和 Upstream from the Rhine is the town of Worms可知答案为C。3. C。推断题。从At Koblenz River Morco joins the Rhine and River Main does the same at Mainz可得知答案为C。4. D。推断题。从文中最后一句“德国和瑞士在莱茵河的南边”可知D项错误。(5)【答案与解析】本文主要讲了印度洋西部的一个很小的国家Mauritius。1. A。推断题。从文中第 2 段第1句“直到1683年荷兰人在此种甘蔗才开辟了这片荒地”可知答案为A。2. C。推断题。从文章第2段的前3句可知答案为C。(6)【答案与解析】这是一篇介绍非洲国家Ethiopia 的文章。1. D。从 Coffee is the most important crop可知他们主要靠种咖啡生活，所以答案选D。2. B。从 No other country in Africa is so rugged (在非洲没有其他国家的路比这还要崎岖)可知答案选B。3. C。从 Some are blackMany are of mixed race 可知A项错误；而 B项中Amharic 是官方语言，并不是惟一的语言；从文中最后一句可知D项错误；C项在文中虽然没有明确指出，但Addis Ababa 是 Ethiopia 的首都，说明Addis Ababa是最重要的城市。所以此题答案选C。4. C。从文中Most Ethiopians are farmersThere is little industry可知 Ethiopia 是一个比较落后的国家，故A、D错误；在1974年他们推翻了的帝国统治，可知选项B错误。故答案为 C。(7)【答案与解析】本文主要介绍美国最大的州之一德克萨斯州。1. D。从文中内容可知了解各个城市的天气主要是为了说明德克萨斯州的面积很大，则可排除A、B、C项，所以答案选D。2. C。从文中第 1 句可知答案为 C。3. B。根据 Laredo, Texas is one of the hottest cities in the US in summer和一般地理常识可推知它可能位于美国的南部，所以答案为B。4. B。从第 1 句可知A、C项错误，根据There is sometimes more snow in Amarillo than in New York (有时比纽约下雪都多)可知D项错误，所以答案选B。(8)【答案与解析】本文主要介绍西班牙著名的城市 Valencia。1. C。细节题。从 It is the capital of a province that is also named Valencia (Valencia 这个省的首府也是Valencia)可知此题答案选C。2. B。细节题。从文中第 3 段的 Valencia is well known for its parks and gardens 可知此题答案为B。3. D。细节题。从第 3 段第 1 句narrow streets (狭窄的街道) 可推知答案选 D。4. D。推断题。从文章最后一句和一般地理常识 (委内瑞拉在南美洲) 可得出答案为D。14