物流管理第三方物流毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献（格式排版）

物流管理第三方物流毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献（格式排版） 中英文资料外文翻译我国第三方物流中存在的问题原因及战略选择熊卫摘要我国物流业发展刚刚起步第三方物流的理论和实践等方面都比较薄弱本文 指出我国第三方物流存在的问题在于国内外第三方物流企业差距物流效率不高缺乏 系统性管理物流平台构筑滞后物流管理观念落后等分析了产生上述问题的原因 并提出了精益物流中小型第三方物流企业价值链联盟大型第三方物流企业虚拟化战 略等三种可供选择的第三方物流企业发展战略关键词第三方物流精益物流战略价值链联盟虚拟化战略1引言长期以来我国国内企业对采购运输仓储代理包装加工配送等环节控 制能力不强在采购黑洞物流陷井中造成的损失浪费难以计算因此对第 三方物流的研究对于促进我国经济整体效益的提高有着非常重要的理论和实践意义 本文试图对我国策三方物流存在的问题及原因进行分析探讨并提出第三方物流几种可 行的战略选择2我国第三方物流业存在的主要问题 一 我国策三方物流企业与国外第三方物流企业的差距较大具体表现在以下几个 方面1规模经济及资本差距明显由于国外的大型第三方物流企业从全球经营的战略 出发其规模和资本优势是毫无疑问的尤其初创时期的我国策三方物流业本身的规 模就很小国外巨头雄厚的资本令国内企业相形见绌2我国策三方物流业企业提供的物流服务水准及质量控制远不如国外同行当国 内一些企业还在把物流理解成卡车加仓库的时候国外的物流企业早已完成了一系 列标准化的改造同时国外的物流组织能力非常强大例如德国一家第三方物流公司 公司各方面的物流专家遍布欧洲各地如果有客户的货物需要经达不同的国家那么欧 洲各地的这些专家就在网上设计出一个最佳的物流解决方案这种提供解决方案的能力 就是这第三方物流公司的核心能力而不像国内公司号称拥有多少条船多少辆车3我国加入WTO后物流产业的门槛降低在物流服务业方面我国承诺所有的服 务行业在经过合理过渡期后取消大部分外国股权限制不限制外国服务供应商进入 目前的市场不限制所有服务行业的现有市场准入和活动同时在辅助分销的服务方面 也作出了类似的承诺这些方面的限制将在以后34年内逐步取消在此期间国外 的服务供应商可以建立百分之百的全资拥有的分支机构或经营机构国内物流服务业将 直面国际竞争 二 资源浪费严重第三方物流效率不高从微观上看由于受计划经济体制的影 响长期以来许多企业尤其是国有企业走的是大而全小而全的路子它 们拥有自己的仓库车队甚至远洋船队造成物流过程的大量浪费具体表现为仓库 的闲置物流业经营分散组织化程度低横向联合薄弱而能够提供一体化现代化 专业化准时化高效服务的第三方物流企业则很少从宏观上看第三方物流未能跟上 经济发展的步伐形成产业化经营的模式而仅仅是同交通运输邮电通讯商业物资 对外贸易等行业的综合与协作 三 缺乏系统性管理装备标准化程度低a目前我国大部分第三方物流企业是传统 体制下物资流通企业基础上发展起来的服务内容主要停留在仓储运输上缺乏系统 性管理物流的效率低第三方物流的功能得不到有效发挥另外我国物流部门条块 分割使得物流环节中运输方式与装备标准不统一流物设施标准不配套导致第三方 物流无效作业的增加速度降低和成本上升 四 第三方物流平台构筑滞后信息化程度低第三方物流配送平台包括实体网络 和信息网络实体网络指物流设施交通工具交通枢纽等在地理位置上的合理布局而 形成的有形网络信息网络指第三方物流企业与客户利用信息技术把各自的信息资源 链整合而形成共享的信息资源网络我国实体网络的现状是第三方物流装备水平较低 而且信息网络也缺乏必要的公共物流交流平台 五 国内企业的物流管理观念仍然十分落后极大制约着第三方物流的发展例如 有些企业认为库存等信息是商业机密必须由企业自身来管理而对将该类企业活动外 包出去的管理理念难以接受往往造成企业自身物流控制管理水平低下削弱了企业的 市场竞争力3产生问题的原因分析 一 缺乏现代化物流知识和专业物流管理人才这一点是目前制约中国第三方物流 业发展的最主要的瓶颈之一物流知识尤其是现代综合的第三方物流知识远未得到普 及只是知道它的主要的业务领域是提供运输和仓储服务而不知道它是对这些传统业 务的新的整合其业务领域也远过单纯的运输和仓储而成为连接原料半成品供应生 产过程中物料流动成品配送的全过程的服务成为涵盖商流实物流资金流信息 流等于系统的综体系 二 未能有效利用现代科技手段这种现状极大地制约了第三方物流企业的培育 影响了企业综合竞争实力的提髙中国加入世贸组织国内第三方物流企业将面临来自 国外的强有力的竞争国内第三方物流业很难提供低成本高质量高效率的服务0 三 受到传统管理体制的制约在传统的条块分割的体制安排下第三方物流的许 多活动被割裂至各个不同部门如交通运输邮电通讯对外贸易国内贸易等仅运 输业就牵涉到铁道部交通部等若干部门部门之间缺乏高效协作致使运输过程中各 运输方式的转动环节耗费大量时间和成本成为物流过程中的陷阱此外还有海关 管理程序物资采购等方面的一些规定也影响了物流企业综合服务水平的提高和业务领 域的拓展进而制约了第三方物流产业的快速发展4第三方物流企业的战略选择归纳国外几种最新的物流理论并结合当前国外第三方物流发展实践第三方物流 企业的战略选择可以有以下三种 一 精益物流战略由于物流理论和实践的滞后我国大部分第三方物流企业还是粗放式经营还不能 准确定位自己的物流服务如果不尽快扭转这一局面将对我国第三方物流业的发展产 生制约作用精益物流理论的产生为我国的第三方物流企业提供了一种新的发展思路 为这些企业在新经济中生存和发展提供了机遇精益物流起源于精益制造的概念它产 生于日本丰田汽车公司在上世纪70年代所独创的丰田生产系统后经美国麻省理 工学院教授研究和总结正式发表在1990年出版的改变世界的机器 一书中精益思 想是指运用多种现代管理方法和手段以社会需求为依据以充分发挥人的作用为根本 有效配置和合理使用企业资源最大限度地为企业谋求经济效益的一种新型的经营管理 理念精益物流则是精益思想在物流管理中的应用是物流发展中的必然反映所谓精 益物流是指通过消除生产和供应过程中的非增值的浪费以减少备货时间提髙客户满意度精益物流的目标在于根据顾客需求提供顾客满意的物流服务同时追求把提 供物流服务过程中的浪费和延迟降至最低程度不断提高物流服务过程的增值效益精 益物流系统的特点在于它是高质量低成本不断完善由顾客需求拉动型的物流系统 它要求树立顾客第一的思想准时准确快速地传递物流和信息流总之精益物流作为一种全新的管理思想势必会对我国的第三方物流企业产生深 远的影响它的出现将改变第三方物流企业的粗放式的管理观念形成第三方物流企业 的核心竞争力 二 建立中小型第三方物流企业的价值链联盟中小型的第三方物流企业由于本身不能独立提供全程一站式物流服务的缺点同时 由于资产规模小服务地域不宽使中小型第三方物流企业在我国物流业中处于劣势因 此对于中小型第三方物流企业来说从企业自身资源出发构造各自的核心竞争力才是 关键由于中小型第三方物流企业功能的单一与不完备因此建立在各自的核心竞争力 基础上构造的物流业务的合作是一种有效弥补企业能力缺陷构成物流竞争优势的可行 方法价值链是采用系统方法来考察企业所有活动及其相互作用以及分析获得企业竞争 优势的各种资源企业的价值活动分为两大类基本活动和辅助活动基本活动是涉及 产品的物质创造及销售转移给买方和售后服务的各种活动辅助活动是辅助蕋本活动 并通过提供外购收入技术人力资源以及各种职能以相互支持运用价值链理论来分 析考察第三方物流企业的价值链构成可以发现在辅助活动方面第三方物流企业与 一般企业并没有什么不同而在基本活动方面第三方物流企业有其特点第三方物流企 业一般不存在商品生产过程只有流通环节的再加工过程不占主要环节广泛的第三 方物流企业的基本作业活动因而变成存储运输包装配送客户服务及市场等环节 基本作业活动的各环节由于企业自身资源和能力的有限不可能在每一个环节中都占 有优势这种在某些价值链环节方面的不足造成了企业整体物流机能的不完备缺乏 相应的竞争力使某些具有相对优势的价值链环节也因整体的不足而发挥不出应有的功 效所以物流产业内的中小型第三方物流企业联盟应该是建立在彼此之间价值链基础 上的互补性合作充分利用专业性物流公司的专业化物流机能和物流代理企业的组织协 调的柔性化综合物流能力的互补性对于中小型第三方物流企业来说应该从企业价值 链的优势环节入手发掘并形成企业的核心竞争力通过价值链的重构来扬长避短 三 大型第三方物流企业的虚拟化战略在IT和互联网飞速发展的时代企业不能单打独拼而必须在竞争中求协作在 协作中求发展因此产生于现代条件下的现代大型第三方物流的虚拟化发展有很强的 必要性大型第三方物流企业的虚拟化是指物流经营人将他人的资源为己所有通 过网络把他人变成自己物流的一部分借助他人的力量突破有形界限延伸实现自 磨的各种功能进而扩展自己的能力增强自己的实力所以物流的虚拟化是以信息 技术为连接和协调手段的临时性动态联盟形式的虚拟物流现代综合物流的虚拟化 以电子通讯技术为手段以客户为中心以机会为基础以参与成员的核心能力为条件 以协议目标和任务为共同追求把不同地区国家的现有资源迅速组合成一种没有围墙 超越空间约束靠电子网络手段联系统一指挥的虚拟经营实体以最快的速度推出高 质量低成本的物流服务现代大型第三方物流的虚拟化包括功能组织地域三个方面的虚拟化功能虚拟 化是第三方物流企业借助IT技术将分布在不同地点不同企业内承担不同职能的物流 资源 信息人力物质等资源 组织起来去完成特定的任务实现社会资源的优化组 织虚拟化是指物流组织的结构始终是动态调整的不是固定不变的而且具有分散化 柔性化自主管理扁平的网络结构自己可根据目标和环境的变化进行再组合及时 反映市场动态地域虚拟是指第三方物流企业通过互联网络将全球物流资源连接起来 消除障碍和国家壁垒使生产管理实现天涯若比邻外文文献原文部分Chinas third-party logistics problemscauses and strategic choiceXiong WeiAbstract Chinas logistics industry has just started third-party logistics and other aspects of the theory and practice are relatively weak The paper points out the problems of the Third Party Logistics is the gap between domestic and international third party logistics logistics efficiency is not high the lack of systematic management and logistics platform to build lag behind the concept of logistics management and so on Analyzed the causes of such problems arising and proposed lean logistics small and medium enteiprise value chain alliances third party logistics large third-party logistics companies such as virtualization strategy choice of three third-party logistics enterprise development strategiesKeywordsThird party logisticslean logistics strategyvalue chain alliances virtualization strategy1 IntroductionFor a long time Chinas domestic enterprises procurement transportation warehousing agents packaging processing distribution and other aspects of control is not strong in the Procurement black hole Logistics trap in the waste is difficult to calculate losses Therefore third-party logistics research the overall effectiveness in promoting the improvement of Chinas economy has a very important theoretical and practical significance This article attempts to my policy of three logistics problems and analysis of the causes of and propose several possible third-party logistics strategic choice2Third party logistics industry in Chinas major problems A The national policy of three logistics companies and foreign big gap betweenthird-party logistics companies specifically in the following areas1economies of scale and capital gap significantly Because third-party logistics companies large foreign strategic departure from the global business its advantages of scale and capital is no doubt especially start-up period of three logistics policy Iits very small sizestrong capital that foreign giants China enterprises to shame21 state policy of the logistics enterprises provide three logistics service level and quality control rather than foreign counterparts When some domestic enterprise is still in logistics interpreted as trucksadd warehouse logistics enterprises abroad already completed a series of standardized transformation Meanwhile foreign logistics organizational ability so powerful Germany for example a third-party logistics company all aspects of logistics experts across all over Europe If the goods by a customer needs of different countries so these experts from all over Europe in online design a the best logistics solutions This provides solutions is the ability that the core competence of third-party logistics companies unlike domestic companies claim to having many ship how many car3 Chinas accession to WTO lower the threshold of the logistics industry The logistics service industry our commitment to all of the services sector after a reasonable transition period to cancel most of the foreign equity limit does not restrict access to foreign service providers the current market do not restrict all the service sectors and the existing market access activities The secondary distribution services while also making a similar commitment These restrictions will be phased out after 3-4 years during which foreign service providers can create a hundred per cent wholly-owned subsidiaries or business sector the domestic logistics industry will face international competition B serious waste of resources third party logistics efficiency is not high From the microscopic point of view due to the impact of the planned economy a long time many enterprises especially state-owned enterprises to go the large small route they have their own warehouse fleet and even ocean-going vessels teamresulting in wasting a lot of the logistics process the specific performance of the idle warehouse logistics decentralized operation the low level of organization transverse joint weak And to provide integrated modem professional punctual efficient services to third-party logistics enterprises are verysmall From a macro point of view of economic development of third-party logistics failed to keep up with the pace of the formation of industrial management model but only with the transportation telecommunications commercial materials foreign trade and other sectors of the integration and collaboration C the lack of systematic management equipment standardization is low Most of the current third-party logistics enterprises in China under the traditional system based on materials circulation enterprises developed the service mainly stay in the storage transportation lack of systematic management logistics low efficiency lack of effective third party logistics functions Play In addition the fragmentation of China抯 logistics sector making the link in the transportation logistics and equipment s tandards are not uniform does not support current standards for physical facilities resulting in the increase in third-party logistics invalid operation speed and reduce costs D third-party logistics platform to build lag lower degree of information technology Third-party logistics and distribution platforms including physical network and information network physical network refers to the logistics facilities transportation transportation hubs in the geographical location of the rational distribution and the formation of physical network information networks that use third-party logistics business and information technology Information resources to their chain integration and the formation of a shared network of information resources The status of physical network are low levels of third-party logistics and equipmentand information networks also lack the necessary public logistics platform E the concept of logistics management of domestic enterprises is still very backward which greatly restricts the development of third party logistics For example Some companies believe that inventory information is confidential business information must be managed by the enterprises themselves the class of business activities while outsourcing the management concept difficult to accept often resulting in control of their own poor management of logistics business competition in the market weakens Force3Causes of problems analysis A lack of modem logistics management knowledge and expertise of logistics personnel This is the third-party logistics industry in restricting the development of Chinas mostimportant one of the bottlenecks Logistics knowledge especially in modem integrated third party logistics knowledge is far from being universal but that its main business areas is to provide transportation and warehousing services not know that it is new to these traditional business integration of its business fields Far too simple to become connected with transport and storage of raw materials semi-finished products supply production process material flow the whole process of product distribution services as cover flow solid logistics capital flow information flow is equal to the integrated system of systems B fails to effectively use modem technology This situation has greatly restricted the cultivation of third-party logistics companies affecting their overall competitive strength increased Chinas accession to the WTO domestic enterprises will face third-party logistics strong competition from abroad the domestic third-party logistics industry is difficult to provide low-cost high quality and efficient service C subject to the constraints of traditional management systems Fragmentation in the traditional institutional arrangemenis third party logistics activities have been separated from many different sectors such as transportation post and telecommunications foreign trade domestic trade and only involves the transport industry to the Ministry of Railways Ministry of Communications etc Some departments the lack of efficient collaboration between departments resulting in the transport process of rotation of the mode of transport and time-consuming part of the cost of logistics in the process of becoming trap 晻 There are also procedures for customs management material procurement and other aspects of some of the provisions of the logistics enterpris es also raise the level of integrated services and business development areas thus restricting the rapid development of third-party logistics industry4The third party logistics enterprise strategic choiceSummarized the latest of several foreign logistics theory and the development of third-party logistics with the current practice of foreign third-party logistics firms strategic choice to have the following three A Lean Logistics StrategySince the lag theory and practice of logistics our most extensive third-party logistics company or business it can not accurately position their logistics services If you do notreverse this situation as soon as possible will be third-party logistics industry in China have restricted role Lean production theory of logistics for our third-party logistics company provides a new development ideas for these enterprises to survive in the new economy and development opportunities Lean Logistics concept originated in lean manufacturing It is produced from the Toyota Motor Corporation 70 years in the last century by the original 晻Toyota Production System1 after research by the Massa chusetts Institute of Technology professor and summary was published in 1990 published change the world of machines a book Lean thinking is the use of various modem management methods and means based on the needs of society to fully play the role of people as a fundamental and effective allocation and rational use of corporate resources to imize economic benefits for enterprises to seek a new Management philosophy Lean Logistics Lean Thinking is the application in logistics management logistics development must reflect The so-called Lean Logistics means the process by eliminating the production and supply of non-value added waste in order to reduce stocking time improve customer satisfaction The aim of Lean Logistics according to customer needs providing customers with logistics services while pursuing the provision of logistics services in the process to minimize waste and delaythe process of increasing value added logistics services Lean logistics system is characterized by its high-quality low cost continuous improvement driven by customer demand oriented logistics system It requires establishing the customer first thought on time accurate and fast delivery of goods and informationIn short Lean Logistics as a new management ideasbound to have a third-party logistics enterprises in China have far-reaching impact it will change the appearance of the extensive third party logistics management concept the formation of third party logistics Core competitiveness B the establishment of small and medium third party logistics value chain allianceThird-party logistics enterprises of small and medium can not be independent because of their one-stop logistics services to provide full shortcomings and because the small size of assets services not wide area so that small and medium enterprises in China抯 logistics third party logistics industry at a disadvantage Therefore third party logistics for small and medium enterprises starting from their own resources to construct their own core competence is the key As small and medium enterprise features of a single third-party logistics and incomplete so based on their respective core competencies based on the structure of the logistics business enterprise cooperation is an effective capacity to make up for deficiencies constitutes a feasible way of competitive advantage of logistics Value chain is the use of systems approach to investigate the interaction between business and the analysis of all activities and their access to the resources of competitive advantage Value of the business activities fall into two categories basic activities and support activities Basic activities are involved in product creation and sale of the material transferred to the buyer and after-sales service activities Basic activities of supporting activities is to assist the revenue by providing outsourcing technology human resources and a variety of functions to support each other Theory to analyze the value chain study the value of third party logistics chain composition can be found in auxiliary activities third party logistics enterprise and general business is no different the basic activities in the third-party logistics companies has its own characteristics Third-party logistics enterprises there is generally no commodity production process only the re-circulation process does not account for major components of a wide range of third-party logistics companies and thus become the basic operating activities of storage transport packaging distribution customer service and marketing etc link Various aspects of the basic work activities due to their own limited resources and capacity can not have every aspect of an advantage in that value chain in terms of some of the deficiencies resulting in their overall logistics function not complete lack of corresponding competitiveness and comparative advantage in some sectors of the value chain due to lack of overall effect should not play Therefore third party logistics industry small and medium sized logistics enterprises within the Union should be based on the value chain between complementary on the basis of cooperation make ftill use of professional logistics companies and logistics functions of specialized logistics organization and coordination of agents Flexible complementary integrated logistics capabilities Third-party logistics for small and medium enterprises value chain should start with the advantage of links to explore and develop the core competitiveness of enterprises through the reconstruction of the value chain to avoid weaknesses C Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization of strategyRapid development in IT and the Internet era companies can not fight alone singles but must be in the competition and collaboration in cooperation and development Thus under modem conditions resulting from modem large-scale virtualized development of third-party logistics has a strong necessity Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization is the logistics management resources of others who will have aHu through the network the other part into its own logistics with the help of others break the power of physical boundaries extending to achieve their various Function and thus expand their ability to enhance their strength Therefore the logistics information technology virtualization is a means for the connection and coordination of temporary and dynamic alliance in the form of virtual logistics Integrated logistics virtualization technology as a means of electronic communication customer-focused based on the opportunity to participate in members of the core competencies as a condition to an agreement for the common pursuit of goals and tasks the different parts of the countrys existing Resources to quickly mix into a no walls beyond the space constraintsby means of electronic networks contact the unified command of the virtual business entity the fastest launch of high-quality low-cost logistics serviceModem large-scale virtualization including third-party logistics functions organization geographic three virtualization Virtualization capabilities with third-party logistics enterprise IT technology will be distributed in different locations different companies take different fu