小区雨排水设计中对新型材料管道和检查井的应用和注意事项中英文互译

小区雨排水设计中对新型材料管道和检查井的应用和注意事项中英文互译Relevant community rain drainage design of new materials in the piping and inspection Wells of application and matters needing attention in both Chinese and English translation 建筑给水排水设计规范GB500152003（2009年版）（以下简称建排）第4.5.1排水管材选择应符合下列要求:1小区室外排水管道,应优先采用埋地排水塑料管;4.5.2A小区生活排水检查井应优先采用塑料排水检查井。Specification for design of building water supply and drainage GB50015-2003 (2009) (hereinafter referred to as the build row) first 4.5.1 drainage pipe option shall meet the following requirements: 1 residential outdoor drainage pipes, should first USES the underground drainage pipes; 4.5.2 of A village life plastic drainage drainage inspection Wells should first check well. 1 新型材料管道及检查井在小区雨排水设计中的应用1 new material pipeline and check the application of the Wells in the village of rain drainage design 1.1 塑料排水管道在小区雨排水设计中的应用1.1 plastic drainage pipes in residential application of rain water drainage design 根据建设部关于发布化学建材技术与产品的公告精神，应用于排水的新型管材主要是塑料管材，其主要品种包括：聚氯乙烯管(PVC-U)、聚氯乙烯芯层发泡管(PVC-U)、聚氯乙烯双壁波纹管(PVC-U)、玻璃钢夹砂管(RPMP)、塑料螺旋缠绕管HDPE、PVC、聚氯乙烯径向加筋管(PVC-U)等。目前塑料管道已被国内外广泛应用在城市供水、城市排水、建筑给水、建筑排水、热水供应、供热采暖、建筑雨水排水、城市燃气、农业排灌、化工流体输送以及电线、电缆护套管等领域。According to the ministry of construction about the release of chemical building materials technology and product announcements spirit, is applied to a new type of pipe drainage is mainly plastic pipe material, its main varieties include: polyvinyl chloride (PVC -u), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) core layer foam pipe (PVC -u), PVC double-wall corrugated pipe (PVC -u), glass steel sand tube (RPMP), plastic spiral coil pipe radial reinforced HDPE, PVC, polyvinyl chloride (PVC -u), etc. Now plastics pipe at home and abroad have been widely used in urban water supply, urban drainage, buildings water supply, drainage, hot water supply, heating, building water drainage, urban, agricultural irrigation and drainage, gas, chemical liquid transportation, as well as wire and cable to protect casing, etc. 居住小区内的排水管和雨水管，宜采用埋地排水塑料管、承插式混凝土管或钢筋混凝土管。近年来小区排水管道较小管径的（D400及以下）必须采用排水塑料管。这是因为，首先，在管道铺设安装方面，塑料埋地排水管的优点也非常特出：重量轻、长度大、接头少，对于管沟和基础的要求低，连接方便，施工便捷。其次，在使用寿命、耐腐蚀方面，塑料管的优点最为突出。埋地排水管输送的生活污水和雨水具有腐蚀性(雨水流过地面时常溶入腐蚀性物质)，或成酸性或成碱性，生产污水如工业排水更是具有强腐蚀性，塑料埋地排水管的耐腐蚀性远胜于金属管。也明显优于混凝土管。同时，塑料埋地排水管的抗磨损性也很好。Residential area within the drainage pipe and storm sewer, appropriate USES underground drainage pipe plastic pipe, socket type concrete or reinforced concrete pipe. Drainage pipe diameter smaller village in recent years (D400 and below) drainage pipes must be used. This is because, first of all, in terms of pipeline installation, plastic underground drainpipe are very unique as well as advantages: light weight, large length, less joints, low to the requirement of pipe trench and foundation, convenient connection, construction is convenient. Secondly, in terms of service life, corrosion resistance, the advantages of plastic pipe. Underground drainage pipe conveying sewage and rain water is corrosive (rain often into corrosive substances) flows through the ground, or into acidic or alkaline, such as industrial production sewage drainage but also has strong corrosive, plastic underground drainpipe corrosion resistance than metal. Is obviously better than that of concrete pipe. At the same time, the wear resistance of plastic underground drainpipe is also very good. 1.2 塑料检查井在小区雨排水设计中的应用1.2 plastic check well rain drainage design, the application of the residential area 塑料检查井荷兰、日本早在20世纪80年代出就开发应用，与塑料排水管相配套使用，可以解决上述问题。近年来，国家、多省市要求推广预制检查井（塑料预制检查井、混凝土预制检查井），逐步淘汰砖砌井。原建设部2007年第659号公告建设事业“十一五”推广应用和限制禁止使用技术(第一批)以及建筑给水排水设计规范GB500152003（2009年版）规定，优先采用塑料检查井。另外建筑小区排水用塑料检查井(CJ/T2332006)建筑小区塑料排水检查井应用技术规程（CECS227:2007）国标图集08SS523建筑小区塑料排水检查井陆续颁布。这些都从政策和标准化层面为塑料检查井的推广起到了推动作用。塑料检查井单井造价是砖砌检查井的74%94%，折合每年的成本只是后者的30%38%（塑料检查井使用寿命按50年、砖砌检查井寿命按20年计）。塑料检查井价格优势还是很明显的。所以在建筑小区内应该优先采用塑料检查井。Plastic check well Holland, and Japan in the early 1980 s, the development and application, using plastic drain pipe matching with, can solve the above problems. In recent years, the country, many provinces and cities, the promotion of precast inspection Wells (plastic precast inspection well, prefabricated concrete inspection well), phasing out brick Wells. Original 2007 announcement no. 659 issued by the ministry of construction construction application and restrictions banning the use of the period of 11th five-year plan technology (first batch) specification for design of building water supply and drainage and GB50015-2003 (2009) regulation, preferred in inspection Wells plastics. Another building communities with plastic drainage inspection Wells (CJ/T233:2006) regulations of application technology of plastic drainage inspection Wells construction area (CECS227:2007) national standard atlas 08 ss523 the building village plastic drainage inspection Wells successively promulgated. These are from the policies and standardization level of plastic check well promotion has played a role. Plastic check well the cost of single well is brick examination well 74% 94%, and reduced the cost is only the latter 30% 38% every year, according to 50 years service life of plastic inspection Wells, brick Wells life by 20 years). Plastic check well the price advantage is obvious. So in building inside the village should be preferred in inspection Wells plastics. 2 新型材料管道和检查井在小区雨排水设计中应注意的几个问题2 new materials and check the Wells in the village of rain drainage pipe in the design of several problems should be paid attention to 2.1 塑料管道在设计中应注意的几个问题2.1 plastic pipe several problems that should be paid attention to in the design 在设计埋地塑料管时,其上的覆土深度是设计者必须考虑的,埋得太浅,管道会抵抗不了冰冻或荷载的影响而丧失承载能力,直至被破坏;埋得越深,造价越高,施工期也越长。因此,为了达到安全运行要求,又节省土方工程量,降低工程造价,取得较高的经济效益,设计时合理地确定其埋深是十分重要的。管道覆土深度通常要满足三个因数:防止管道内的水冰冻和因土壤冻胀而损坏管道,防止管壁因荷载而受到破坏,无压管还必须满足上游管线衔接的要求。对于每一条管道,从这三个不同的因素出发可以得出三个不同的管顶覆土厚度值,取三个中的最大值就可以同时满足上述三个因数的要求,这就是管道允许的最小覆土厚度,也是设计时的重要依据。一般情况下,塑料管道应该埋设在土壤冰冻线以下,设计时应先了解项目所在地的气象资料,弄清当地的冻土层厚度。有的地方冻土层很厚,为了节省投资、提高效益,当该地区或条件相似地区有浅埋经验或采取相应的措施时,也可埋设在冰冻线以上,具体埋设深度应能保证管道长期运行的安全性。在非冰冻地区和土壤冻深较浅的地区,为防止管壁荷载因数起主要作用而破坏埋地塑料管时,宜对覆土深度进行计算。Buried plastic pipe in the design, it turns the soil depth is, the designer must consider the buried too shallow, the influence of the pipe will not freeze or load resistance and loss of bearing capacity, until they are destroyed; Buried the deeper, the higher the cost, construction period is longer. Therefore, in order to achieve safe operation requirements, and save the earth quantity, reduce the project cost, to achieve higher economic benefits and design reasonably determine the buried depth is very important. Pipeline depth of overlying soil is usually to meet three factors: (1) water freezing and prevent the pipe due to soil frost heave damage to pipeline, (2) to prevent the pipe wall is damaged due to load, (3) no pressure tube must also meet the requirements of upstream piping connection. For each pipeline, starting from the three different factors can be concluded that three different pipe roof covering thickness value, take the maximum in the three can meet the requirements of the above three factors at the same time, this is the pipeline to allow the minimum thickness of overlying soil, was the important basis for design. In general, plastic pipeline should be buried in the soil below the frost line, when the design should first understand the meteorological data of the project location, find out the local thickness of permafrost. In some places permafrost is very thick, in order to save investment and improve the efficiency, when conditions or similar areas in the region have shallow buried experience or take corresponding measures, can also be buried in the frozen line above, the embedding depth should be able to guarantee the safety of pipeline running for a long time. In the frozen regions and soil frozen deep shallow areas, in order to prevent the pipe wall load factor plays a main role and destroy the buried plastic pipe, should be calculated on the depth of overlying soil. 2.2 塑料检查井在设计中应注意的几个问题2.2 plastic inspection Wells, some problems that should be paid attention to in the design 在场地允许的条件下，要尽量避免把检查井布置到一般车行道、消防行车道上，减少防护井盖的使用，降低造价。塑料雨水检查井应与塑料雨水口井座配套使用，塑料检查井座均设有沉泥室，较大颗粒杂物不进入雨水管道，较小颗粒泥沙则顺水流冲到下游管道，普通的砖砌雨水口则不能达到这种效果。出户管从井座接入时，每个接户井最多可以与两个出户管连接，出户管从井桶接入时，每个接户井最多可以与四个出户管连接。条件允许时，汇入管接入角应尽量调整为45、90，避免使用变角接头、球型弯头，改善水力条件、降低造价、加快施工速度。(1) under the condition of field allows to avoid the inspection well arrangement to the roadway, fire general driveway, reduce the use of protective covers, reduce the cost. (2) plastic rain check Wells should be with plastic water Wells, plastic inspection Wells have heavy mud room, larger particles of sundry into rainwater pipeline, less sediment is well stream rushed to the downstream piping and ordinary brick build by laying bricks or stones the rain mouth cant reach the effect. 3. Leave home tube from access, well up to meet the household each well with two pipe connection at home, leave home when the pipe barrel access from a well, up to meet the household each well with four pipe connection at home. (4) when conditions permit, into the pipe connection Angle should be adjusted to 45 , 90 , avoid the use of variable Angle joints, ball elbow, improve hydraulic conditions, reduce cost, speed up the construction speed. 3 塑料管材和塑料检查井在排水设计中不宜应用的情况3 plastic pipe and plastic should not be applied in the drainage design of inspection Wells （一）塑料管材(a) plastic tubing 在排水中,塑料管虽然具有重量轻、不腐蚀、外壁光滑、容易切割、便于安装、可制成各种颜色、投资省和节能的优点,但塑料管也有强度低、耐温性差(使用温度在-5+50之间)、立管噪声大、暴露于阳光下的管道易老化、防火性能差等缺点,故建筑高度超过100m的高层建筑、对防火等级要求高的建筑物、要求环境安静的场所,环境温度可能出现0以下的场所以及连续排水温度大于40或瞬时排水温度大于80的排水管道应采用柔性接口机制排水铸铁管,而不用塑料管。对于建筑内雨水管道,规范4.9.26条规定:“1.重力流排水系统多层建筑宜采用建筑排水塑料管,高层建筑宜采用承压塑料管、金属管。2.压力流排水系统宜采用内壁较光滑的带内衬的承压排水铸铁管、承压塑料管和钢塑复合管等,其管材工作压力应大于建筑物净高度产生的静水压力。用于压力流排水的塑料管,其管材抗环变形外压力应大于0.15MPa。3.小区雨水排水系统可选用埋地塑料管、混凝土管或钢筋混凝土管、铸铁管等。”In drainage, plastic tube is light weight, anti-corrosion, the outer wall is smooth, easy cutting, easy to install, can be made into all kinds of color, the advantages of saving investment and energy saving, but plastic pipe has low intensity, low temperature resistance and using the temperature between 5 + 50 ), riser big noise, exposure to sunlight of pipeline aging, poor fireproof performance faults, so the building height of more than 100 m high building, the fire rating of the demands of high buildings, quiet environment, the environment temperature possible places and continuous drainage under 0 temperature is greater than 40 temperature greater than 80 or instantaneous drainage pipes cast iron drainage pipe, flexible interface mechanism should be adopted instead of plastic tube. For building drainage, article 4.9.26 norms: 1. Multi-storey building appropriate USES gravity flow drainage system construction drainage pipes, high-rise building appropriate USES pressure plastic pipe and metal pipe. 2. The pressure flow drainage system appropriate USES the lining is smooth with a lining of pressure cast iron drainage pipe, pressure plastic pipe and inspecting &controlling, the pipe work pressure should be greater than the hydrostatic pressure caused by the net height of buildings. Used for pressure and flow drainage tubes, the tube outer ring deformation resistance pressure should be greater than 0.15 MPa. 3. Residential rainwater drainage system can choose buried plastic pipe, concrete or reinforced concrete pipe, cast iron pipe, etc. （二）塑料检查井(2) plastic check well 塑料检查井适用于建设小区（别墅、居住区、科研院所、学校、厂房、大型广场）等。对于重型企业外厂区,例如港口企业室外雨污水检查井,使用钢筋混凝土砖砌井加承重铸铁井盖,可能更加适合。尤其新厂区地势低洼,为了尽快排走雨水,设计上需要采用1000及以上的雨水管,而市场上能接纳600以上塑料雨水管的塑料井筒的生产厂家几乎没有；建排第4.5.4生活排水管道不宜在建筑物内设检查井。当必须设置时,应采取密封措施。笔者认为可以采用变通的做法。比如一别墅底层有卫生间,必须采取内排污水检查井的做法,可以用塑料井替代砖砌井,并且在塑料井井盖上设DN50的塑料排水管,埋地、就近沿柱子外包伸顶,接屋面雨水系统。无雨水时,此管做通气用;有雨水时,此管辅助排雨水,让室内污水井不至于干涸。两幢联排别墅,是南北对称的,后院间有一1.6m的院间小路,中间要走雨水和污水管道,在中轴两侧有两个污水检查井,每只井需要同时接纳南北向六根污水管和两根东西向的污水管。单向接纳三根北向（或南向）污水出户支管,是塑料检查井的优势所在,但是此种场合下,施工方更愿意用非标的矩形砖砌井替代圆形检查井。Plastic is suitable for the construction of residential area of inspection Wells (villa, residential area, scientific research institutes, schools, factories, large square), etc. For heavy enterprises outside the factory, such as port enterprises outside the rain sewage inspection Wells, and use of reinforced concrete brick shaft and bearing cast iron manhole cover, may be more suitable. Particularly low-lying, for the new site as soon as possible in order to come in the rain, storm sewer design requires 1000 and older, and the market can accept above 600 plastic plastic shaft manufacturers almost no storm sewer; The building row of the first 4.5.4 living drainage pipe should not be in the building internal inspection Wells. When must be set, sealing measures should be taken. The author thinks that can be used in a flexible way of doing. Underlying a villa has a toilet, for example, must take the practice of domestic sewage in inspection Wells, well can use plastic instead of brick, and on the plastic manhole covers well set (plastic drainage pipe, buried, along the pillars near outsourcing and roof, the roof rainwater system. Without rain, use this tube for ventilation; When there is rain, the auxiliary rainwater pipe, let indoor sewage well not dry up. Two townhouse, north-south symmetry, the backyard of a 1.6 m between path between court, intermediate to go rain and sewage pipes, in the central axis on both sides of the two sewage inspection Wells, each well to accept north-south six sewage pipe and two east-west sewage pipe. One-way acceptance of three north (or south) sewage branch pipe, and the homes are plastic check well advantage, but this kind of situation, the more likely to use the quality mark rectangular brick well instead of round check well. 总之，塑料检查井与塑料管同材质使用、柔连接，可以实现井、管同沉降，柔性连接又可以吸收部分沉降，即使在湿陷性黄土、软土低区接口密封也会长期有效，减少渗漏。组合式塑料检查井各部件黏接或者橡胶圈密封连接，各件本身一次成型又耐腐蚀，井体本身严密性好。Anyhow, plastic check well with plastic pipe material, soft connection, used to achieve well, tube with subsidence, flexible connection and can absorb part of the settlement, even in the collapsible loess, soft soil, low area interface sealing will be effective for a long time, reduce the leakage. Modular plastic parts of inspection Wells uf resin or rubber ring sealing connection, each thing itself a molding and corrosion resistance, well good body itself rigor.