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Do you remember any unexpected situation in your daily life? What do you think of the people in these pictures? They look scared/ sad He broke his arm. He is getting an electric shock. What happened to the boy? Life is full of the unexpected. I was late for work today. When I got up, I found my clock had rung. It was 7:30. When I went out, I found the bus had already left. 1a Look at the pictures. What happened to the girl? She got up late. She overslept. Tell a story oversleep (overslept, overslept) v. 睡过头；睡得太久睡过头；睡得太久 复合词中的复合词中的over常有“过于常有“过于”之意之意 Dont oversleep, Dean! You are to be late. 迪恩，别睡过头了！你要迟到了。迪恩，别睡过头了！你要迟到了。 By the time she got up, someone had already gotten in the bathroom. She rushed out the door. 在在以前以前 The bus had left before she got to the station. When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home. . n. 背包；旅行包背包；旅行包 1. By the time I got up, my brother _ already _ in the shower. 2. By the time I got outside, the bus _ already _. 3. When I got to school, I realized I _ _ my backpack at home. 1b Listen to Mary talking about her morning. Complete the sentences. had gotten had left had left 过去完成时过去完成时 (1) 构成：由“助动词构成：由“助动词had(用于各种人用于各种人称和数称和数) + 过去分词”过去分词”构成构成 否定式：否定式：had not + 过去分词过去分词 缩写形式：缩写形式：hadnt (2) 用法：过去完成时表示在用法：过去完成时表示在过去某一过去某一时间或动作之前时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了已经发生或完成了的动作。的动作。 (3) 它所表示动作发生的时间是它所表示动作发生的时间是“过“过去去 的过去”的过去”。 表示过去某一时间可用表示过去某一时间可用by, before 等构成的短语来表示。等构成的短语来表示。 也可以用也可以用when, before 等引导的等引导的时时间状语从句间状语从句来表示。来表示。 还可以通过状语从句或通过还可以通过状语从句或通过上下文上下文暗示暗示。 例如：例如： When I got there, you had already eaten your meal. 当我到达那里时，你已经开始吃了。当我到达那里时，你已经开始吃了。 By the time he got here, the bus had left. 在他到达那里之前，汽车已经离开了。在他到达那里之前，汽车已经离开了。 1c Take turns being Mary. Look at the pictures and talk about what happened this morning. I overslept. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower. What happened? So, after he out of the shower, I took a quick shower and got dressed. But by the time I went outside, the bus had already left. Oh, what a pain! Oh, yes! So I ran all the way to school. But when I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. Oh, no! No wonder you look stressed. 2a Listen to Mary continue her story. Number the pictures 1-4 in the correct order. 4 3 1 2 2b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Then listen again and check your answers. 1. When I _ (get) home, I realized I _ (leave) my keys in the backpack. 2. By the time I _ (get) back to school, the bell _ (ring). 3. By the time I _ (walk) into class, the teacher _ (start) teaching already. got had left got had rung walked had started Retell the story 2c Make up an ending for the story and share it with your partner. The teacher looked at Mary and asked her if she had finished the homework. Mary told her the unexpected things she met with this morning but they sound like excuses to the teacher. Therefore, Mary was asked to finish the homework in the class. What an unforgettable day it is for Mary! 2d Role-play the conversation. Why were you late for class today, Kevin? My alarm clock didnt go off! I kept sleeping, and when I woke up it was already 8:00 a.m.! Oh, no! So I just quickly put on some clothes and rushed out the door. You didnt eat breakfast? No, I didnt even brush my teeth or wash my face! But before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left. Then how did you get here? Luckily, Carls dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car. Well, at least by the time you got to school, you were only five minutes late for class. 1. Why was Kevin late for class? 2. How did Kevin get to school? His clock didnt go off. He overslept. Carls dad saw him on the street and gave him a lift in his car. A task I had a bad day last weekend. By the time When I . Before I Did you have a bad day? 1. Life is full of the unexpected. unexpected adj. 出乎意料的；始料不出乎意料的；始料不及的及的 e.g. It will not be unexpected if Tom comes late again, because he is always like this. 如果汤姆又迟到了，一点也不意如果汤姆又迟到了，一点也不意 外，因为他一向如此。外，因为他一向如此。 2. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower. by the time 在在以前，常引导表示以前，常引导表示过去的时间状语从句，主句常用过去过去的时间状语从句，主句常用过去完成时，即完成时，即had+动词过去分词。动词过去分词。 e.g. By the time I got there, he had already left. 在我到那儿之前，他已经离开了。在我到那儿之前，他已经离开了。 3. So I just quickly put on some clothes and rushed out the door. rush out 冲出去，冲出冲出去，冲出 e.g. Henry rushed out the room and disappeared in the rain. 亨利冲出房间，消失在了雨中。亨利冲出房间，消失在了雨中。 Julia rushed out and didnt return. 朱丽叶冲了出去，再没回来。朱丽叶冲了出去，再没回来。 4. Luckily, Carls dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car. gave a lift 捎捎一程一程 e.g. Could you give me a lift, please? 请问你能否捎我一程？请问你能否捎我一程？ Jim gave me a lift on my way home yesterday. 吉姆昨天在我回家的路上捎了我吉姆昨天在我回家的路上捎了我 一程。一程。 用方框内短语的适当形式填空。用方框内短语的适当形式填空。 1. Tom _, running after his brother in the dark night yesterday. 2. _ I was 10, I had been able to either play piano or violin. 3. _, Sammy! It has been late for you to go to school. rushed out By the time Wake up by the time, wake up, rush out 根据句意和汉语提示，填写单词。根据句意和汉语提示，填写单词。 1. There will be an _ (意外的）意外的） surprise. 2. The children _ (冲，奔冲，奔) out the school when the bell rang. 3. Yesterday the girl _ (违反违反) the rule and her teacher was angry. 4. When I was about to read my book, I found I _ (忘了带忘了带) it at home. unexpected rushed broke had left Write out the story of Mary. Could you please make sentences with these words and phrases below? unexpected by the time backpack oversleep v. 睡过头；睡得太久睡过头；睡得太久 n. 背包背包 在在以前以前 adj. 出乎意料的出乎意料的 By the time I got home, _. By the time I came in, _. By the time I got to school, _. By the time the bell rang, _. By the time I got up, _. Retell Marys bad day. A: The moment I arrived at the library, I found my key left home. B: Im sorry to hear that. Talk about the unexpected things which happened in your life. 3a Read the passage and answer the questions. 1. Which two events does the writer mention? The writer mentions the September 11 attack in New York and the earthquake in New Zealand. 2. How did the writer end up missing both events? The writer went to get a coffee first and was not in the office when the plane hit the World Trade Center. He/she had overslept and missed his/her flight, so he/she was able to avoid the earthquake. 快速阅读全文，快速阅读全文， 注意描述事件的关注意描述事件的关键词或短语，有助于整篇文章的理键词或短语，有助于整篇文章的理解。解。 这些关键词可能是动词或动词短语，这些关键词可能是动词或动词短语，可能是介词短语，形容词，或连词可能是介词短语，形容词，或连词等。等。 第一段：第一段： found a job, arrived at, was about to, even though, stared, in disbelief, the burning building alive 第二段：第二段： woke up, went off, had taken off, till, unexpectedly, turned into 1. lost: 2. west: 3. below: 4. dead: 5. empty: 3b Find the opposite meanings to the words. found east above alive full adv. 向西，朝西向西，朝西 adj.向西的，西部的向西的，西部的 n.西，西方西，西方 1. I found the money on the floor. 2. The sun rises in the east. 3. There was a large bird flying above us. 4. His family was so happy to hear he was still alive. 5. The train was so full that I couldnt get on the train at all. Write a sentence with each word. Pictures of the American Event in 9.11 , 2001 3c Retell one of the events to your partner. Use these words and phrases to help you. stare, in disbelief, take off, unexpected, burn, above, alive, till / until, arrive at, be about to, even though prep.&conj. 到到; 直到直到 e.g. On September 11, 2001, I arrived at my building in the morning and was about to enter the office building, when suddenly I decided to buy a coffee. The unexpected thing came about when I was waiting in the line that a plane crashed the office building where I work. People were staring at the burning plane in disbelief. How dangerous it was! 1. I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first. be about to 忙于；即将做某事。侧重于忙于；即将做某事。侧重于表示动作马上就要发生，常与表示动作马上就要发生，常与when引引导的从句连用，但不与具体的时间状语导的从句连用，但不与具体的时间状语连用。连用。 e.g. One of my friends is about to have her second baby. 我的一个朋友马我的一个朋友马 上就要生第二个小孩了。上就要生第二个小孩了。 2. I went to my favorite coffee place even though it was two blocks east from my office. even though 即使，即使， 虽然，虽然， 尽管，尽管， 用于用于引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句。 block n. 街区街区 e.g. Hes the best teacher, even though he has the least experience. 他虽然经验最少，却是最好的老师。他虽然经验最少，却是最好的老师。 3. We stared in disbelief at the black smoke rising above the burning building. stare v. 盯着看，盯着看， 凝视凝视 表示看得比较仔细，有时候也带有吃表示看得比较仔细，有时候也带有吃惊的意味去看，常与惊的意味去看，常与at, into连用。连用。 e.g. Dont stare at me like that. 别那样盯着我看。别那样盯着我看。 in disbelief 不相信不相信 ，疑惑，疑惑， 怀疑怀疑 e.g. Tamara stared at him in disbelief, shaking her head. 塔玛拉一边狐疑地盯着他看，一边塔玛拉一边狐疑地盯着他看，一边摇着头。摇着头。 She looked at him in disbelief. 她全然不信地看着他。她全然不信地看着他。 above prep. 1)（表示位置）在（表示位置）在正上方；高于”（与正上方；高于”（与 below相对）。相对）。 e.g. That big high-rise above us is where Brian lives. 我们上面的那座摩天大楼就是布赖我们上面的那座摩天大楼就是布赖 恩住的地方。恩住的地方。 He lifted his hands above his head. 他将双手举过头顶。他将双手举过头顶。 2) 表示在地位、级别、能力、资历、表示在地位、级别、能力、资历、重要性等方面“超过”、“在重要性等方面“超过”、“在之上”、“比之上”、“比强”。强”。 e.g. He is above the others in ability. 他的能力优于其他人。他的能力优于其他人。 He is above me in every way. 他各个方面都比我强。他各个方面都比我强。 3) adv. 在上面在上面 e.g. There are snowy peaks above. 上面是白雪皑皑的群峰。上面是白雪皑皑的群峰。 See the examples given above. 见上述例子。见上述例子。 burn v. 着火，燃烧着火，燃烧 (burnt, burnt / burned, burned) burning adj. 着火的；燃烧的着火的；燃烧的 e.g. Ouch! The sand is so hot! It can burn my feet. 哎哟！沙子这么烫！会烫伤脚的。哎哟！沙子这么烫！会烫伤脚的。 He was trapped in a burning house. 他被困在正在燃烧的房屋里。他被困在正在燃烧的房屋里。 4. I felt lucky to be alive. alive 一般作表语；也可以作后置定语或宾一般作表语；也可以作后置定语或宾补。补。 “活“活(着着)的；在世的；的；在世的；(继续继续)存在的”；存在的”；反义词是反义词是dead。 e.g. Do you know shes alive? 你知道她还活着吗？你知道她还活着吗？ People alive should try their best to live better. (后置定语后置定语) 活下来的人应该尽力生活得更好。活下来的人应该尽力生活得更好。 Tom was kept alive in the big fire. ( 宾补宾补) 汤姆在这次大火中活下来了。汤姆在这次大火中活下来了。 辨析辨析 alive, living, lively alive “活着的”，在句中常作表语或定语。活着的”，在句中常作表语或定语。作表语时，常可与作表语时，常可与 living互换；作定语时，互换；作定语时，常要放在被修饰词之后。常要放在被修饰词之后。 living“活着的”，在句中用作表语或定语。活着的”，在句中用作表语或定语。 lively“活泼的”，在句中可作表语或定语。活泼的”，在句中可作表语或定语。 5. But by the time I got to the airport, my plane to New Zealand had already taken off. airport n. 机场机场 take off 脱掉；脱掉； 起飞起飞 e.g. He took off his hat and bowed as he passed. 他经过时脱帽鞠躬。他经过时脱帽鞠躬。 We eventually took off at 11 oclock and arrived in Venice at 1:30. 我们终于在我们终于在11点起飞，点起飞，1:30 到达威到达威 尼斯。尼斯。 Complete the sentences. 1. 我在动物园里见过活鳄鱼。我在动物园里见过活鳄鱼。 I have seen a _ crocodile in the zoo. 2. 他是那场火灾中唯一活下来的人。他是那场火灾中唯一活下来的人。 He is the only person _ in the fire. 3. 露西是个活泼的孩子，大家都喜欢她。露西是个活泼的孩子，大家都喜欢她。 Lucy is a _ child and everyone likes her. living alive lively 4. The boy _ (正正要开始要开始) but someone spoke first. 5. Hurry up. The train _ (马上就要开了马上就要开了). was just about to begin is about to start Recall the unexpected in your daily life and try to tell them to your friends in English. e.g. Once I was 9 years old 把下列短语翻译成英语。把下列短语翻译成英语。 1. 即将即将 2. 倒杯咖啡倒杯咖啡 3. 排队等候排队等候 4. 起床起床 5. 出去出去 be about to get a coffee wait in line get up get outside 6. 迟到迟到 7. 到时候到时候 8. 闹铃响闹铃响 9. 开始做某事开始做某事 10. 搭便车搭便车 be late for by the time go off start doing sth. give sb. a lift What happened to you on a bad morning? First, I had slept when the clock went off. Then by the time I ate breakfast, I had hurt my hand with a knife. Before I went to school, I had gone to the doctor. What about your morning? I had forgotten to have breakfast before I going to the office this morning. 今天早晨去办公室之前，我忘记吃早饭今天早晨去办公室之前，我忘记吃早饭了。了。 时态分析：时态分析： “去办公室”是发生在过去的事情，而“去办公室”是发生在过去的事情，而“忘记吃早饭”发生在“去办公室”之前，“忘记吃早饭”发生在“去办公室”之前，所以第二个谓语动作发生在第一个谓语之所以第二个谓语动作发生在第一个谓语之前，是前，是“过去的过去”，要用过去完成时。“过去的过去”，要用过去完成时。 I had forgotten to have breakfast before I going to the office this morning. 今天早晨去办公室之前，我忘记吃早饭了。今天早晨去办公室之前，我忘记吃早饭了。 表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是的时间是“过去的过去”。“过去的过去”。 表示发生在过去的动作对过去的某表示发生在过去的动作对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或结果，用来指定一点造成的某种影响或结果，用来指定在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的一个事件。一个事件。 e.g. By nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. Finish the task 1. 过去完成时的构成：过去完成时的构成：_+_ 2. 过去完成时表示：过去完成时表示： _ _ 3. 过去完成时常与过去完成时常与_等引导的时间等引导的时间状语连用。状语连用。 had 过去分词过去分词 when, before, by the time 过去某一时刻或动作之前已经发生或过去某一时刻或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。完成的动作。 1)当我到达学校的时候，我才意识到我把书当我到达学校的时候，我才意识到我把书包忘在家里了。包忘在家里了。 _ I got to school, I realized that I _ _ my backpack at home. 2)到我返回学校的时候，铃声已经响过了。到我返回学校的时候，铃声已经响过了。 _ _ _ I got back to school, the bell _ _. When had left By the time had rung 根据汉语提示完成句子。根据汉语提示完成句子。 3)我到达公共汽车站之前，我到达公共汽车站之前， 汽车已经离开汽车已经离开了。了。 Before I _ _ the bus stop, the bus _ _ _. 4)我决定先买一杯咖啡，然后再去办公室。我决定先买一杯咖啡，然后再去办公室。 I _ _ _ go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first. got to had already left was about to 5)就在我和别的工作人员一起排队等候就在我和别的工作人员一起排队等候的时候，听到了一个巨大的声响。的时候，听到了一个巨大的声响。 As I _ _ _ _ with the other office workers, I _ _ _ _. was waiting in line heard a loud sound When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home. By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung. Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left. 由由when, by the time, before等引导时间状语等引导时间状语从句时，若描述发生在过去的事，主句常用从句时，若描述发生在过去的事，主句常用过去完成时过去完成时(had + 过去分词过去分词)表示动作发生在表示动作发生在过去的过去。过去的过去。 I was about to go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first. As I was waiting in line with the other office workers, I heard a loud sound. be about to do, be doing等表示即将等表示即将或正在做某事时，常用或正在做某事时，常用when引导从引导从句表示突然发生的动作。句表示突然发生的动作。 4a Make sentences using by the time or before. 1. Tim went into the bathroom. Mary got up. By the time Mary got up, Tim had already gone into the bathroom. 2. The coffee became cold. I put cream (n. 奶奶 油油) in the coffee. _ _ Before I put cream in the coffee, the coffee had become cold. 3. The teacher collected the math homework. I got to school. _ _ 4. I completed the work for my boss. The workday (n. 工作日工作日) ended. _ _ By the time I got to school, the teacher had collected the math homework. I had completed the work for my boss before the workday ended. 5. The movie started. I arrived at the cinema. _ _ 6. My mother finished making the apple pie (n. 果馅派果馅派). I got home from my language course. _ _ _ The movie had started, before I arrived at the cinema. By the time I got home from my language course, my mother had finished making the apple pie. 4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box. 1. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else _ already _. 2. When he put the noodles into a bowl, he realized he _ to add the green beans (n. 豆豆). rush out, forget, arrive at, go into, show up (赶到；露面赶到；露面), find out showed up had had forgotten 3. By the time my mother came back from the market (n. 市场市场), I _ already _ the door to go for my piano lesson. 4. Before she got to the airport, she _ _ about the earthquake. 5. When she _ the movie theater, she remembered she had forgotten to feed her dog. 6. Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he _ the building. had rushed out arrived at had gone into had found out 4c Write two true statements and one false statement about your day yesterday. Then ask your classmates to guess the false statement. 1. By the time I left for school in the morning, _ _ _ I had already had breakfast. I had already had supper. I had already had my hair cut. 2. By the end of the school day, _ _ _ 3. By dinner time, I_ I_ I_ I have got a present from Tom. I had had these articles read. I had finished my homework. had had too many apples. had eaten plenty of meat. have had all the housework finished. 1. When Tim get back home, he started to realize that the thief _ (come) to his house. 2. By the time I received the letter, I _ (tell) the content of it. 用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。 had come had been told 翻译下列句子。翻译下列句子。 1. 当他到达学校的时候，老师已经开始当他到达学校的时候，老师已经开始 上课了。上课了。 _ _ 2. 当我出来的时候，我爸爸已经离开家当我出来的时候，我爸爸已经离开家了。了。 _ By the time he got to school, the teacher had already started teaching. When I got outside, my father had left home. 3. 在我拿书包以前我把门锁上了。在我拿书包以前我把门锁上了。 _ _ 4. 在她做完作业之前我妈妈已经回来在她做完作业之前我妈妈已经回来 了。了。 _ _ Before I got my schoolbag, I had locked the door. Before she finished her homework, my mother had already been back. 1. 复习复习Grammar Focus 中的内容。中的内容。 Try to make sentences with before, by the time and be doing when, and make use of the past perfect tense. 2. 写作：写作： 描述一次难忘的经历。描述一次难忘的经历。
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