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The earth is polluted.air pollutionThe factories that burn coal pollutethe air with a lot of black smoke. n. 煤炭煤炭Factories put waste into the river.water pollutionmobile phone pollutionlitter v. 乱扔乱扔 n. 垃圾垃圾rubbish waste垃圾，废弃物垃圾，废弃物People should throw away litter in the bin.n. 垃圾箱垃圾箱noise pollutionThere are more cars on the road.1aHere are some words related to different kinds of pollution. Write them in the box below. Then add more words.noise pollution _air pollution _water pollution _loud musicplanesmobile phonesfactoriescarssmokingshipsfactorieslitteringrubbishbuilding housesbuilding housesloud music cars rubbish planeslittering ships factories smokingbuilding houses mobile phones1bListen and complete the sentences.What was the problem?The river was _. Even the bottom (底部底部) of the river was full of _. There were no more _ for fishermen (渔民渔民) to catch.really dirtyrubbishfishWhat caused the problem?People are throwing _ into the river. Factories are putting _ into the river.How should the problem be solved?We should write to the _ and ask them to _ the factories. Everyone should help to _ the river.litterwastegovernmentclose downclean upListen again and check () the sentences you hear.1. We could go fishing in the river.2. The river was really dirty.3. The river has always been the nicest river in this town.4. We should ask the teachers for help.1cThe river was dirty. Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish.But it used to be so clean!Yes, but people are throwing litter into the river.Everyone in this town should play a part in cleaning it up!Make conversations using the pollution in 1a.The river has always been the nicest river in this town.Yes, it used to be so clean.What caused the problem?But I was there last weekend and the river was really dirty.Factories are also putting waste into the river.People are throwing litter into the river.What should we do?Yes, everyone in this town should play a part.We should write to the government and ask them to close down the factories.What else can we do?Everyone should help to clean up the river.1. Were trying to save the earth! 我们正在竭尽全力拯救地球我们正在竭尽全力拯救地球! try to do =try ones best to do 努力去做某事。努力去做某事。 e.g. Every student should try to study hard in order to study in a university. 为了进入大学学习，每个学生都应该为了进入大学学习，每个学生都应该 努力学习。努力学习。2. Here are some words related to different kinds of pollution. be related to 与与有关有关 e.g. I am not related to him in any way. 我和他无任何关系。我和他无任何关系。 3. Everyone in this town should play a part in cleaning it up! play a part in 在在方面起作用方面起作用 e.g. A good diet plays a large part in helping people live longer. 健康的饮食在帮助人们长寿方面起着健康的饮食在帮助人们长寿方面起着 非常大的作用。非常大的作用。play a part 在在中扮演角色中扮演角色 e.g. He was invited to play a part in this TV play. 他被邀请参加这个电视剧的演出。他被邀请参加这个电视剧的演出。4. Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish. Yes, but people are throwing litter into the river.litter和和rubbish都可指都可指“垃圾垃圾”，用作，用作不可数名词不可数名词。rubbish指指“没用的东西没用的东西(被扔或将要丢被扔或将要丢弃的无用的东西弃的无用的东西)”不可回收不可回收。litter指指“(室内或公共场所室内或公共场所)乱扔的废物乱扔的废物(纸屑、不要的包装纸、废瓶等纸屑、不要的包装纸、废瓶等)”还可还可回收。回收。e.g. Throw the rubbish out. 把垃圾扔出去。把垃圾扔出去。The room is full of rubbish. 房间里堆满了垃圾。房间里堆满了垃圾。Pick up your litter after a picnic. 野餐后将废弃物收拾好。野餐后将废弃物收拾好。 2aListen to the interview. Circle the kinds of pollution that Jason and Susan talk about.A. land pollution B. air pollutionC. noise pollution D. water pollution2bListen again and complete the sentences.1. The air is badly polluted because there are _ on the road these days.2. Factories that burn coal also _ the air with a lot of black smoke.more carspollute3. There is also too much rubbish and waste. People _ things every day.4. People are also littering in _ like parks. This is turning beautiful places into ugly (丑陋丑陋) ones. are throwing awaypublic places1. Who is the interviewer talking to?2. What are they talking about?3. What other problems do they see?Susan and Jason.The environmental problems.Theres too much rubbish and waste in the streets.Role-play conversations between Jason and Susan.2cThe air has become really polluted around here. Im getting very worried.Yes, I used to be able to see stars in the sky.The problem is that What should we do to save the earth?Turn off the lights when you leave a room.关掉关掉stop riding in carsstop using paper towels or napkins（餐巾，餐巾纸）（餐巾，餐巾纸）recycle books and paper回收利用回收利用2dRead 2d and complete the chart.ProblemsSolving problemsair pollutionwaste pollutionwooden (木头木头的的) chopsticks or plastic forksrubbishtake the bus, subway or ride a bike instead of driving. bring a bag to go shopping.use chopsticks or forks at home.throw rubbish in the bins.Jason and Susan, what are your ideas for solving these problems?Yeah, or ride a bike. There are other advantages (优点优点) of bike riding. Its good for health and it doesnt cost (花费花费) anything!Well, to cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.Great ideas! What about waste pollution?Me, too. Also, I never take wooden chopsticks or plastic (塑料塑料) forks when I buy takeaway (外卖食品外卖食品) food. I use the ones at home.Mmm, I think simple things like bringing a bag to go shopping can help. I started doing that a year ago.And remember to throw rubbish in the bins and keep public places clean and beautiful for everyone.So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future!1. This is turning beautiful places into ugly ones. turn into 把把变成变成e.g. The icy rain seemed like to turn into snow. 渐渐地冻雨又变成雪花的模样。渐渐地冻雨又变成雪花的模样。 2. Its good for health and it doesnt cost anything! cost v. 花费；使付出花费；使付出 指花费金钱，主语通常是物。指花费金钱，主语通常是物。cost的过的过去式和过去分词均为去式和过去分词均为cost。 e.g. The new shirt cost Mr Wang 200 yuan. 王先生花了王先生花了200元买了新衬衫。元买了新衬衫。 How much does the new computer cost? 新电脑花了多少钱？新电脑花了多少钱？take, spend, pay & costtake，spend，pay和和cost都可以表示都可以表示“花花费费”，但它们的用法各有不同。，但它们的用法各有不同。1) take多表示花费时间多表示花费时间，常用于，常用于It takes sb. some time to do sth.这一句型中，这一句型中，其中其中it作形式主语作形式主语。 e.g. It usually takes me 40 minutes to cook the dinner.2) spend多表示花费时间和金钱，主语通多表示花费时间和金钱，主语通常是人常是人，常用于，常用于sb. spend(s) some time / money on sth.和和sb. spend(s) some time / money (in) doing sth.两种句型。两种句型。 e.g. David spent 2,000 yuan on the new machine. My father spends an hour (in) watching the news on TV every day.3) pay多表示花费金钱，主语通常是人多表示花费金钱，主语通常是人，常用于常用于sb. pay(s) some money for sth.句句型。型。 e.g. Tommy paid 20 yuan for his breakfast yesterday.4) cost多表示花费金钱，主语通常是物多表示花费金钱，主语通常是物，常用于常用于sth. cost(s) (sb.) some money.句句型。型。 e.g. The new dress cost Linda 88 yuan.根据句意用根据句意用take, spend, pay或或cost的适当的适当形式填空。形式填空。1. That new car _ them lots of money.2. Mona _ 50 yuan on the books just now.3. It usually _ me an hour to do my homework.cost spent takes4. You should _ some time practising your pronunciation.5. My brother _ 6, 000 yuan for the new computer yesterday.spendpaid3. So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future! make a difference (to) 表示表示(对对)产生影响或作用产生影响或作用 e.g. Do you think his words would make any difference to the final decision? 你认为他的话会对最后的决定产生影你认为他的话会对最后的决定产生影 响吗？响吗？ The new teacher always encourages little Tom. This has made a big difference to him.新来的老师总是鼓励小汤姆，这对他影新来的老师总是鼓励小汤姆，这对他影响很大。响很大。用动词的适当形式填空。用动词的适当形式填空。1. Were trying _ (save) the earth.2. There used to _ (be) clean and beautiful.3. There are too many _ for _ to catch (fish).4. Its bad for environment to use _ (wood) chopsticks.to savebefishwoodenfishermenThe earth is badly polluted. Please make a poster and think of what we can do.1. Copy the new words and remember them. 2. Read the listening materials of 1b, 2a.Section A 23a-3bJason and Susan, what are your ideas for solving these problems?Role-play 2d.Well, to cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.Yeah, or ride a bike. There are other advantages of bike riding. Its good for health and it doesnt cost anything. Great ideas! What about waste pollution?Mmm, I think simple things like bringing a bag to go shopping can help. I started doing that a year ago.Me, too. Also, I never take wooden chopsticks or plastic forks when I buy takeaway food. I use the ones at home.And remember to throw rubbish in the bins and keep public places clean and beautiful for everyone.So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future!Translate these sentences into English.1. 甚至是河底都满是垃圾。甚至是河底都满是垃圾。2. 这个镇上的每个人都应该参与清扫。这个镇上的每个人都应该参与清扫。Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish.Everyone in this town should play a part in cleaning it up. 3. 骑自行车有其它的优点。骑自行车有其它的优点。4. 我买外卖食品从来不拿木筷子和塑料叉我买外卖食品从来不拿木筷子和塑料叉 子。子。There are other advantages of bike riding.I never take wooden chopsticks or plasticforks when I buy takeaway food. The earth is badly polluted.What should we do to save the earth?Lets take action (采取行动采取行动)Turn off the lights when you leave a room.Recycle books and paper. Take buses instead of driving cars.There are some animals are endangered. We should do something to protect the animals and the environment! The zoos provide homes for many endangered animals. 1. Have you ever seen a shark（鲨鱼）（鲨鱼）?2. What do you know about sharks?Sharks are endangered, read the passage and judge the sentences.Read the first paragraph1. Sharks fin（鱼鳍）（鱼鳍）soup is famous and expensive all around the world.2. We have to kill a whole shark to get a bowl of sharks fin soup.Read the second paragraph1. People cut off sharks fins and throw the sharks back into the ocean.2. Sharks are in the bottom of the food chain in the oceans ecosystem.n. 生态系统生态系统食物链食物链Read the third paragraph1. WildAid and the WWF are environmental protection groups in China.2. Sharks fins are good for health.Where shark fin soup is popularNumber of sharks caughtand traded every yearHow much the numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen in the last 20 to 30yearsTwo environmental groups which are against “finning”southern China70 millionover 90 percent WildAid and the WWF3aRead the passage about sharks and complete the fact sheet below.3bRead the passage again and fill in the blanks with the words in the box.so although if but when1. Many people do not realize they are killing a whole shark _ they enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup.2. Sharks are at the top of the food chain, _ if their numbers drop, the oceans ecosystem will be in danger.whenso3. Many think that sharks are too strong to be endangered, _ they are wrong.4. _ there are no scientific studies to support this, a lot of people believe that shark fins are good for health.5. Sharks may disappear one day _ we do not do something to stop the sale of shark fins.butAlthoughifadj. 科学上的，科学的科学上的，科学的Retell the passage according to the words below.shark fin soup in southern China each time cut off no longer not onlybut also at the top drop be endangered the strongest around 70 million fallen by over 90 percent WildAid and the WWF develop laws scientific studies 1. A shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. 鲨鱼不能再游泳然后慢慢死掉。鲨鱼不能再游泳然后慢慢死掉。no longer意思是意思是“不再不再” e.g. Im no longer a student. 我不再是个学生了。我不再是个学生了。 有两个短语和有两个短语和no longer同义，即同义，即notany longer和和notany more，但他，但他们侧重的方面不同。们侧重的方面不同。no longer和和notany longer侧重时间。侧重时间。 e.g. He no longer lives here. = He doesnt live here any longer. 他不在这儿居住了。他不在这儿居住了。(一个时间以前他住一个时间以前他住 在这儿，过了这个时间，他就离开了。在这儿，过了这个时间，他就离开了。) notany more侧重程度和数量侧重程度和数量e.g. You can drink no more. = You cant drink any more. 你不能再喝了。你不能再喝了。(喝酒的量到了一定程喝酒的量到了一定程 度，不能再继续下去了。度，不能再继续下去了。) 2. This method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 这种方法不但残忍而且对环境有害。这种方法不但残忍而且对环境有害。not onlybut also用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为重强调后者，其意为“不仅不仅而而且且”; 其中的其中的also有时可以省略。有时可以省略。e.g. She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不但很会演奏，而且还会作曲。她不但很会演奏，而且还会作曲。 Not only men but also women were chosen. 不仅仅是男的，女的也有被选中的。不仅仅是男的，女的也有被选中的。 若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。的主语保持一致。e.g. Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你，他也得离开。不只是你，他也得离开。 not only放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构。构。 e.g. Not only had the poor man been fined, but also he had been sent to prison. 这个可怜的人不仅被罚款，而且还被这个可怜的人不仅被罚款，而且还被 送进了监狱。送进了监狱。 be harmful to 对对有害有害e.g. Smoking is harmful to the health. 吸烟有害健康。吸烟有害健康。 Playing computer games much is harmful to students. 电脑游戏玩太多对学生有害。电脑游戏玩太多对学生有害。3. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the oceans ecosystem. 鲨鱼位于海洋生物系统食物链的顶部。鲨鱼位于海洋生物系统食物链的顶部。at the top of 在在最高地位最高地位; 用最高用最高最最大大的的(速度速度, 声音等声音等) e.g. I looked at the top of his head, his hair shiny and parted smoothly. 我看他的头顶我看他的头顶, 头发闪亮且平滑的分头发闪亮且平滑的分 开。开。He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard.他尽力大声叫喊他尽力大声叫喊, 以便别人能听见。以便别人能听见。4. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. 如果它们的数目降至过低，会给所有如果它们的数目降至过低，会给所有 海洋生物带来危险。海洋生物带来危险。 此句复数形式的此句复数形式的numbers表达全海洋中鲨表达全海洋中鲨 鱼的总量。当表示数值的高或低时，鱼的总量。当表示数值的高或低时，number要用要用high或或low修饰。修饰。e.g. In that country, the number of children going to school is higher in cities than in towns and village. 在那个国家，城市儿童入学人数比乡镇在那个国家，城市儿童入学人数比乡镇 及农村要高。及农村要高。常与常与number搭配的动词有搭配的动词有grow, fall等。等。e.g. The number of families that own cars has been growing quickly recently. 近来拥有轿车的家庭数量增长很快。近来拥有轿车的家庭数量增长很快。5. Environment protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”. 世界各地的环境保护组织，如野生救援协世界各地的环境保护组织，如野生救援协 会和世界自然基金会，都在教育公众有关会和世界自然基金会，都在教育公众有关 “猎翅猎翅”的行为。的行为。1) 句中句中fin本为名词，指本为名词，指 “鱼鳍鱼鳍”。此句中。此句中的的 finning由动词化的由动词化的fin（割鲨鱼鳍以获取（割鲨鱼鳍以获取 鱼翅）的鱼翅）的-ing形式转化而成，指课文中所形式转化而成，指课文中所 陈述的陈述的 “猎翅猎翅”这一行为。这一行为。2) WildAid和和WWF组织组织 WildAid（美国野生救援协会）是保护野（美国野生救援协会）是保护野生动物及栖息地环境的一个非盈利性的机生动物及栖息地环境的一个非盈利性的机构，构，1999年注册成立，其宗旨是保护及救年注册成立，其宗旨是保护及救助世界范围内的野生动物；助世界范围内的野生动物；WWF（世界（世界自然基金会）英文全称为自然基金会）英文全称为World Wide Fund for Nature，成立于，成立于1961年，是享有年，是享有国际盛誉，全球最大的独立性非政府环境国际盛誉，全球最大的独立性非政府环境保护组织之一。保护组织之一。Write 5 measures to protect the environment.1. 不同种类的污染不同种类的污染2. 河底河底3. 把垃圾扔到河里把垃圾扔到河里4. 在在中起作用中起作用different kinds of pollutionthe bottle of the riverthrow rubbish into the riverplay a part in I. Check if you know these phrases.5. 在中国南部在中国南部6. 对对有害有害7. 在在顶部顶部8. 海洋生态系统海洋生态系统in southern Chinabe harmful to at the top ofthe oceans ecosystemII. Translate the sentences.1. 甚至是河底都满是垃圾。甚至是河底都满是垃圾。2. 这个方法不仅残酷还对环境有害。这个方法不仅残酷还对环境有害。Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish.This method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment.3. 鲨鱼处于海洋食物链的顶部。鲨鱼处于海洋食物链的顶部。4. 许多人相信鱼翅对健康有好处。许多人相信鱼翅对健康有好处。Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the oceans ecosystem.A lot of people believe that sharks fins are good for health.Pay attention to the sentences.1. Were trying to save the earth.2. The river used to be so clean.3. The air is badly polluted.4. No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.5. We should help save the sharks.Present progressiveused toPassive voicePresent perfectModal verbs现在进行时现在进行时: : Present Progressive结构结构: be (am/is/are) + v.-ing标志词：标志词：Look, Listen, now, right nowe.g. Look! The boy is crying.定义：定义：表示说话时表示说话时(瞬间瞬间)正在进行正在进行的动作的动作, 也表示目前或现阶也表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作。段正在进行的动作。 What a fine day today! Look! What are they doing?used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事表示过去常常做某事, 而而现现 在往往不做了在往往不做了, 后接动词原后接动词原 形。形。be used to doing sth. 表示习惯于做某表示习惯于做某事事e.g. I used to get up at six oclock. Joe is used to drinking a cup of coffee every morning.used to do与与be used to doingTranslation.1. 她过去常常周末和朋友闲逛。她过去常常周末和朋友闲逛。 She used to hang out with friends on weekends.2. 他习惯于每天晚上睡得很晚。他习惯于每天晚上睡得很晚。 He is used to staying up.被动语态：被动语态：Passive voice定义：定义：表示主语是动作的承受者，即行表示主语是动作的承受者，即行 为动作的对象的一种语态。为动作的对象的一种语态。结构：结构：be + 过去分词过去分词e.g. A new school was built last year. Our classroom is cleaned every day.Translate the sentences by using Passive voice.1. 刚才一些老年人参观了博物馆。刚才一些老年人参观了博物馆。2. 工人们使用不同种类的机器工作。工人们使用不同种类的机器工作。The museum was visited by some old people just now. Different kinds of machines are used to work by the workers. 结构结构: has/have + 过去分词过去分词标志词：标志词：already, yet, ever, never, since, fore.g. I havent finished my homework yet.定义：定义：表示动作已经完成表示动作已经完成, 但对现在造成影但对现在造成影 响响; 或者表示从过去某一时间开始一或者表示从过去某一时间开始一 直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的 动作。动作。 现在完成时现在完成时: Present PerfectComplete the following sentences.1. I _ (be) in Beijing for two years.2. I _ never _ (hear) of that man before.3. Tom _ (work) there since two years ago.have beenhaveheard has worked4. The twins _ (wash) the clothes for an hour.5. He _ (play) basketball since three years ago.6. How long _ Sally _ (sing) yet?have washedhas playedhassung1. 情态动词本身有一定的词义情态动词本身有一定的词义, 表示说表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气话人的情绪、态度或语气, 但不能单但不能单独作谓语独作谓语, 只能与其他动词构成谓语。只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有常见的有: can (could), may (might), must, need, shall (should), will (would)等。等。情态动词情态动词2. 情态动词无人称和数的变化情态动词无人称和数的变化, 后接动词后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加not。个别情态动词有过去式形式个别情态动词有过去式形式, 可用来表可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。达更加客气、委婉的语气。 e.g. Ken can climb up the tress like a koala. Tracy could ride a bicycle when she was five years old. You mustnt play with fire. It is dangerous.Translation.1. 我们不能在教室里吃东西。我们不能在教室里吃东西。2. 首先你必须完成作业。首先你必须完成作业。3. 他现在不可能在家。他现在不可能在家。4. 她一定知道这个问题的答案。她一定知道这个问题的答案。We cant eat in the classroom. You must finish your homework first. He cant be at home now. She must know the answer to this question.4aFill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Joe: _ you ever _ (take) part in an environmental project ?Eric: Yes, I have. I _ (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year. It was _ (consider) the biggest clean-up project this city _ ever _ (have).Have takenhelpedconsideredhadhad参加参加Joe: How many people _ (take) part?Eric: I _ (think) more than 1,000 people _ (come) to help out.Joe: Thats fantastic! I guess everyone in this city is _ (try) to improve the environment.Eric: Yes, we cant afford to _ (wait) any longer to take action!tookthinkcametryingwaitv. 承担得起承担得起( (后果后果) ); 买得起买得起4bFill in the blanks with the appropriatemodal verbs from the box.People _ think that big things_ be done to save the earth. Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. For example, you _ savemay/mightmustcancan would couldhave to should mustmay/ mightelectricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. You _ also use reusable bags instead of plastic bags. I think its a great idea that you now _ pay for plastic bags in some stores. And instead of driving to school or work, you _ ride your bike or walk. If its far, you _ take the bus. All these couldhave to can/shouldcan/could关掉关掉adj.可重复使用的可重复使用的付费付费;付出代价付出代价small things _ add up and become big things that _ improve the environment. Lets take action now!couldwould/can采取行动采取行动4cMake a list of things that people can do to help the environment and discuss your list with your partner.use public transportation (n.交通运输交通运输);turn off the lights when you leave a room;use reusable bags instead of plastic bags;ride your bike or walk to school or work;stop using paper napkins(餐巾纸餐巾纸);recycle books and paperI think that everyone should use public transportation.I disagree. Its difficult for parents with young children to use public transportation1. We cant afford to wait any longer to take action! afford v. 承担得起承担得起; 提供提供, 给予给予 afford to do sth. (常与常与can, be able to连用连用) 买得起买得起; 有足够的有足够的e.g. We cant afford to pay such a price. 我们付不起这个价钱。我们付不起这个价钱。 Dancing affords us pleasure. 跳舞给我们带来快乐。跳舞给我们带来快乐。2. save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. turn off 关掉关掉 e.g. Please turn the television off before you go to bed. 睡觉前请关掉电视。睡觉前请关掉电视。turn around 转身转身 turn up 调高调高(音量音量)turn down 调低调低; 拒绝拒绝turn into 变成变成; 进入进入 turn on 打开打开, 发动发动 turn off 关掉关掉, 关闭关闭turn out to be 结果是结果是turn over 移交移交拓展拓展: turn相关短语相关短语Finish the exercises in the workbook.
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