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小学英语语法【一】一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍 一、一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。二、一般现在时的构成1.be动词:肯定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2.行为动词:肯定句:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加-s或-es。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。动词+s的变化规则1一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies特殊:have-has三、一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化。否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。 如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。否定句:主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesnt构成否定句。如:He doesnt often play.一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如:- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?如:How does your father go to work? 一般现在时用法练习一、出下列动词的第三人称单数drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _ come_ watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_ teach_ like play read wash be 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.He often _(have) dinner at home. 2.Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3.We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4.Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5._ they _(like) the World Cup? 6.What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7._ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8.The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9.She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10.There _(be) some water in the bottle.11.Mike _(like) cooking. 12.They _(have) the same hobby.13.My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14.You always _(do) your homework well.15.I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16.She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17.Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18.The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19.Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子1.Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)_2.I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)_3.She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)_ 4.Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)_5.We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)_6.He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)_7.I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)_8.John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)_9.She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)_10.Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)_四、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)1.Is your brother speak English? _2.Does he likes going fishing? _3.He likes play games after class. _4.Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5.She dont do her homework on Sundays. _小学英语语法【二】现在进行时 现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为:疑问词+ be + 动词ing?标志词:look now listen Its +点钟动词加ing的变化规则1一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting ,writewriting , rideriding ,havehaving comecoming dancedancing liveliving taketaking skateskating 3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:swimswimming beginbeginning run-running, sitsitting putputting getgetting shopshopping stop- stopping现在进行时练习一、写出下列动词的现在分词:play_ run_ swim _make_go_ skate_ write_ ski_read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_live_ take_ come _ get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .三、句型转换:1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_3Im playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)_4Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)小学英语语法【三】一般将来时一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。二、基本结构:be going to + do;will+ do.三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。例如:Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1.问人。Who 例如:Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon.2.问干什么。What do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3.问什么时候。When.例如:Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?六、同义句:be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.练习:填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball.What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _?Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。What time _ you _ _ meet?改句子。5.Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定)Nancy _ going to go camping.6.Ill go and join them.(改否定)I _ go _ join them.7.Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8.We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句)_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.9.She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问)_ _ she _ _ _ after school?10.My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)_ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.用所给词的适当形式填空。11.Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.12.My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.13.Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.14.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects?15.Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _(watch) TV and_ (catch) insects.16.What _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm.What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows.17.Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18.Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.19.David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday.20.I _ (plan) for my study now小学英语语法【四】一般过去时一、一般过去时语法介绍1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasnt)are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=werent)带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句:didnt +动词原形,如:Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Who went to home yesterday?二、动词过去式变化规则1一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked2结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied5不规则动词过去式:词义现在(原形)过去式词义现在(原形)过去式是am, is (be)was忘记forgetforgot是are (be)were得到getgot成为becomebecame给givegave开始beginbegan走gowent弯曲bendbent成长growgrew吹blowblew有have, hashad买buybought听hearheard能cancould受伤hurthurt捕捉catchcaught保持keepkept选择choosechose知道knowknew来comecame学习learnlearned, learnt切cutcut允许,让letlet做do, doesdid躺lielay画drawdrew制造makemade饮drinkdrank可以maymight吃eatate意味meanmeant感觉feelfelt会见meetmet发现findfound必须mustmust飞flyflew放置putput读readread将shallshould骑、乘riderode唱歌singsang响、鸣ringrang坐下sitsat跑runran睡觉sleepslept说saysaid说speakspoke看见seesaw度过spendspent扫sweepswept三、过去时练习:写出下列动词的过去式isam_ fly_ plant_ are _drink_ play_ go_ make_does_ dance_ worry_ ask _taste_ eat_draw_ put _throw_ kick_ pass_ do _四、Be动词的过去时练习 Be动词练习一(一)用be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ at school just now.2. He _ at the camp last week.3. We _ students two years ago.4. They _ on the farm a moment ago.5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.(二)句型转换1. It was exciting. 否定句:_ 一般疑问句:_ 肯、否定回答:_2. All the students were very excited. 否定句:_一般疑问句:_肯、否定回答:_Be动词的过去时练习二(一)用be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ an English teacher now. 2. She _ happy yesterday.3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends.5. The little dog _ two years old this year. 6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here.7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday.8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited.(二)句型转换1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句:_一般疑问句:_肯、否定回答:_肯、否定回答:_中译英1我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。_2他们的外套上个星期放在卧室里了。_3一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。_五、行为动词的过去时 练习一(一)用行为动词的适当形式填空1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night.3. We _ (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They _ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother _ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls _ (sing) and _ (dance) at the party.(二)句型转换1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.否定句:_一般疑问句:_肯、否定回答:_2. Nancy went to school early. 否定句:_一般疑问句:_肯、否定回答:_3. We sang some English songs.否定句:_一般疑问句:_肯、否定回答:_行为动词的过去时练习二(一)用be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.(二)句型转换1. They played football in the playground.否定句:_一般疑问句:_肯、否定回答:_汉译英1. 格林先生去年住在中国。_2. 昨天我们参观了农场。_3. 他刚才在找他的手机。_(一)用动词的适当形式填空1. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday.2. We all _ (have) a good time last night.3. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day.4. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday.5. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read)6. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play)7. Jims mother _ (plant) trees just now.8. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _.9. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.10. We _ (go) to school on Sunday.一、用动词的适当形式填空1. It _ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White _ (go) to his office by car.2. Gao Shan _ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.3. Dont _ the house. Mum _ it yesterday. (clean)4. What _ you _ just now? I _ some housework. (do)5. They _ (make) a kite a week ago.6. I want to _ apples. But my dad _ all of them last month. (pick)7. _ he _ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _. (water)8. She _ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _ (do) Chinese dances.9. The students often _ (draw) some pictures in the art room.10.What _ Mike do on the farm? He _ cows. (milk)小学英语语法(五) (Have、Has和There be结构)一、Have、Has和There be结构1、There be结构包括there is there are there was there were2、意思都是有。3、和have、has、had的区别:(1)There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)(2)在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定。即遵循就近原则。(3)there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。(4)there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。(5)some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。(6)and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。(7)针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?(8)针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: Whats + 介词短语?(9)There be结构一般用在句子的开头,而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are”1. I_a good father and a good mother.2. _a telescope on the desk.3. He_a tape-recorder.4. _a basketball in the playground.5. She_some dresses.6. They_a nice garden.7. What do you_?8. _a reading-room in the building?9. What does Mike_?10. _any books in the bookcase?11. My father_a story-book.12. _a story-book on the table.13. _any flowers in the vase?14. How many students_in the classroom?15. My parents_some nice pictures.16. _some maps on the wall.17. _a map of the world on the wall.18. David_a telescope.19. Davids friends_some tents.20. _many children on the hill.用恰当的be动词填空。1、There a lot of sweets in the box.2、There some milk in the glass.3、There some people under the the big tree.4、There a picture and a map on the wall.5、There a box of rubbers near the books.6、There lots of flowers in our garden last year.7、There a tin of chicken behind the fridge yesterday.8、There four cups of coffee on the table.Fill in the blank with “ have, has ”1. I_ a nice puppet.2. He_a good friend.3. They_ some masks.4. We_some flowers.5. She_ a duck.6. My father_ a new bike.7. Her mother_a vase.8. Our teacher_ an English book.9. Our teachers_a basketball.10. Their parents_some blankets11. Nancy_many skirts.12. David_some jackets.13. My friends_a football.14. What do you_?15. What does Mike_?16. What do your friends_?17. What does Helen_?18. His brother_a basketball.19. Her sister_a nice doll.20. Miss Li_an English book. 小学英语语法复习要点1名词可数名词:表示可以具体个别存在的人或物。可数名词有单复数形式,其单数形式与不定冠词a/an连用。可数名词复数规则:1一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives5以结尾o的通常有生命的加-es, 无生命的加-s 如:两人三物: 黑人Negro、英雄hero,马铃薯potato、西红柿tomato、芒果mango。6不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-children foot-feet, tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese不可数名词:表示不能个别存在的事物,如液体类,气体类的物质;少数固体类的物质(grass草,ice冰),抽象的名词(help帮助,music音乐)。不可数名词没有复数(如some water),不能与不定冠词a/an连用。不可数名词:paper juice water milk rice tea bread hair orange time chicken1、不可数名词没有复数形式。2.、数量+容器+ of +不可数名词 如:a cup of tea 一杯茶数量+单位+of+不可数名词 如:a piece of bread 一片面包练习:一瓶水 两瓶水 一袋大米 三袋大米 一盒牛奶 四盒牛奶一张纸 十张纸 一公斤鸡肉 十五公斤鸡肉 写出下列各词的复数photo _ diary _ day_ dress _thief _ yo-yo _ peach_ juice_water _ rice_ tea _ man_woman_ banana _ bus_ child _foot _ sheep _ leaf(树叶) _ dish _
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