英语专四 倒装

倒装句考查重点:1.以so / neither / nor / no more开头的倒装句2. 以only强调状语的倒装句3. 以否定词开头的倒装句4. 省略了if的倒装的虚拟条件从句5. there be存在倒装句6. as / though引导的倒装的让步状语从句7. as 引导的倒装的原因状语从句8. so / suchthat引导的程度/结果状语从句9.however引导的让步状语从句10. 以be开头的让步状语从句 英语最基本的语序是“主语+谓语动词”，这叫作正常语序或自然语序。如果谓语动词放到主语之前，这就是倒装。将谓语动词完全移至主语之前，就形成全部倒装；如果只是把助动词 / 情态动词放在主语之前，这称为部分倒装。倒装的原因有两个：语法的需要和修辞的需要。英语倒装句是历年英语专四考试的重点之一。对倒装句的考查主要体现在以下几个方面。一、以一、以so / neither / nor / no more开头的倒装句开头的倒装句 在否定句中，用nor / neither / no more表示前面所否定的情况也适用于另一个 / 些人或物，说明另一主语“也不”时，需用倒装语序。如：The first one wasnt good and neither was the second.I didnt read the notice on the blackboard, nor did he. 在肯定句中，常用“so+ be / have / 助动词+主语”的结构,说明前一句谓语表示的情况也适用于另一个/些人或物。Society has changed and so have the people in it.Parking is a great problem and so is the traffic in and around cities 如果主语和上一句的主语相同，表示同意对方的看法，意为“是的；确实如此”，这时不用倒装： John studies very hard. So he does. 二、以二、以only强调状语的倒装句强调状语的倒装句 副词only所强调的方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等位于句首时，引起部分倒装。 Only by seizing every minute can we finish the work on time Only then did we realize that the man was blind. Only after three operations was she able to walk without sticks 如果only修饰的词不是作状语而是作主语时，句子就不用倒装。如： Only his mother was invited Only some of the boys passed the examination三、以否定词开头的倒装句三、以否定词开头的倒装句 为了强调句子中的否定状语，常将其置于句首，这时一般引起部分倒装。常见的含有否定意义的副词、连词或词组有：at no time,by no means,hardly / scarcely / barely when, few, little, never, no sooner than, not, not until, nowhere, not only but also, on no account, rarely, seldom, under / in no circumstances等。如： Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person Hardly had he finished when someone rose to refute his views Little does he care about what others think not only but also 如果连接两个句子，则第一个句子倒装，第二个句子不倒装。如： Not only is the story interesting, but also its English will help us in writing 如果否定词只否定主语或副词，就不用倒装： Hardly anybody believes that Not long ago it rained四、省略了四、省略了if的倒装的虚拟条件从句的倒装的虚拟条件从句 在含有were, had, should等词的虚拟条件从句中，可把连词if省去，把这三个词移至句首，从而形成倒装。如： Were he here now (= If he were here now), he would tell us what to doHad the management acted sooner, the strike wouldnt have happenedShould it not rain, the crops would dieWere they to arrive before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party五、五、there be存在倒装句存在倒装句 there be表示存在的句子，其后的名词词组为主语，从而形成倒装。如：There must be many shortcomings and errors in that bookThere is a young man waiting for you outside there to be 用在及物动词或介词for之后；其他情况用there being结构(作主语、状语、介宾等）。 六、六、 as / though引导的倒装的让步状语从句引导的倒装的让步状语从句 在 as / though 引导的让步状语从句中，位于句首的可以是形容词、名词、副词、动词原形、-ed分词等。在句首的如果是名词，不要带冠词；但如果名词前有形容词修饰，则常常带冠词。如：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our timeMuch though he likes her, he does get annoyed with her sometimes. Child as he is, he can ride a horseTired as he was, he worked late into the night七、七、as 引导的倒装的原因状语从句引导的倒装的原因状语从句在 as 引导的原因状语从句中，有时把表语提前。它和 as 引导的让步状语从句的区别，主要根据句子表达的意思来判断。当主句和从句表示相互对立的关系时，是让步状语从句；当主句和从句表示正常的因果关系时，是原因状语从句： The house was very quiet, isolated as it was on the side of a mountain Tired as he was, he went to bed early Young as he was, he was not equal to the task八、so / suchthat引导的程度/结果状语从句 so在句首修饰形容词或副词表示强调时，主句要用倒装语序，后面接that引导的程度/结果状语从句。 So astonishend was he that he could scarcely contain himself. So loudly did he speak that he was heard upstairs. 在强调某个名词词组的语义作用时，用作表语的代词such也可位于句首，形成倒装，后跟that引导的结果状语从句： Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken. Such was his anxiety that he couldnt stop trembling.九、九、however引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句 however为连接副词，引导让步状语从句，其意义和作用相当于no matter how, however后面接形容词或副词，其结构为“however+形容词/副词+主语+谓语”： However talented a man may be, the collective will always be wiser and stronger. However cold it is, she always goes swimming.十、以表示“地点”的介词短语开头的倒装句 当句首为表示地点的介词短语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，或为了使上下文衔接紧密，常使用倒装结构： Along the dusty road came a group of tourists. Outside the entrance stood two police officers with guns.十一、以十一、以be开头的让步状语从句开头的让步状语从句 两种句式：一是“be+主语+or连接的两个表语”，相当于whetheror: Be he rich or poor (Whether he is rich or poor), Ill marry him all the same. Be he friend or foe, the law regarded him as criminal. 二是“be+主语+ever so +形容词”，相当于no matter how: Be a child ever so clever, if he doesnt learn, he knows nothing. Be the rain ever so heavy, I must go to see you this afternoon. 英语专业四级考试真题：英语专业四级考试真题：1. A: Mother, you promised to take me out. B: Well, _. (2012) A. so I did B. so did I C. so I do D. so do I2. It is going to be fine tomorrow. _. (2009) A. So is it B. So it is C. So it does D. So does it3. Little _ about her own safety, though she herself was in great danger. (2009) A. she cared B. she may care C. may she care D. did she care4. _ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (2008) A. Much though B. Much as C. As much D. Though much 5. _ you _ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. (2005) A. If; had B. Have; had C. Should; have D. In case; had6. _, Ill marry him all the same.(2004) A. Was he rich or poor B. Whether rich or poor C. Were he rich or poor D. Be he rich or poor7. _ both sides accept the agreement _ a lasting peace be established in this region. (2004) A. Only if, will B. If only, would C. Should, will D. Unless, would8. _, he always tries his best to complete it on time. (1999) A. However the task is hard B. However hard the task is C. Though hard the task is D. Though hard is the task9._ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank. (1998) A. Much as B. Much though C. As much D. Though much10. He is not under arrest, _any restriction on him. (1995) A. or the police have placed B. or have the police placed C. nor the police have placed D. nor have the police placed 11. So badly _ in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months. (1994) A. did he injure B. injured him C. was he injured D. he was injured 12. It is not uncommon for there _ problems of communication between the old and the young. (2007) A. being B. would be C. be D. to be13. There used to be a petrol station near the park, _? (2006) A. didnt it B. doesnt there C. usednt it D. didnt there14 . Whats the chance of _ a general election this year? (2005) A. there being B. there to be C. there be D. there going to be15. There _ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. (2001) A. to be B. to have been C. being D. be 16 . _ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom. (1996) A. There was B. Since C. Being D. There being