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microscopicmess349Captain Cook Arrow LegendIt was a great legend while it lasted, but DNA testing has finally ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook who died in the Sandwich Islands1 in 1779.“There is no Cook in the Australian Museum,” museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cooks bone. But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its exhibition, “Uncovered: Treasures of the Australian Museum” which does include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalaniopuu in 1778.Cook was one of Britains great explorers and is credited with_discovering the “Great South Land,” now Australia, in 1770. He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands, now Hawaii.The legend of Cooks arrow began in 1824_when Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams, a London surgeon and relative of Cooks wife, saying it was made of Cooks bone after the fatal fight with islanders.In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued until it came face-to-face with science.DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cooks bone but was more likely made of animal bone, said Philp.However, Cooks fans refuse to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered, as they say there is evidence not all of Cooks body was buried at sea in 1779. “On this occasion technology has won,” said Cliff Thornton, president of the Captain Cook Society, in a statement from Britain. “But I am sure that one of these daysone of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day.”Avalanche and Its SafetyAn avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a among the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope that supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is likely to cause an avalanche, is a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low risk of avalanche. Snow does not gather significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not flow easily on flat slopes. Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snows angle of rest1 is between 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. The rule of thumb2 is: A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle. Additionally, avalanche risk increases with use; that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject, winter traveling in the backcountry4 is never 100% safe. Good avalanche safety is a continuous process, including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather conditions, and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also reduce the risk. If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid attention to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are missing or damaged. Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.Giant StructuresIt is an impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modem world since every year more wonderful constructions appear. Here are three giant structures which are worthy of our admiration although they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders. The Petronas Twin TowersThe Petronas Towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were completed in 1999. With a height of 452 metres, the tall twin towers, like two thin pencils, dominate the city of Kuala Lumpur. At the 41st floor, the towers are linked by a bridge, symbolizing a gateway to the city. The American architect Cesar Pelli designed the skyscrapers. Constructed of high-strength concrete, the building provides around， 800 square metres of office space on every floor. And it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base. Other features of this impressive building include double-decker lifts, and glass and steel sunshades. The MiUau BridgeThe Millau Bridge was opened in 2004 in the Tam Valley，in southern France. At the time it was built，it was the worlds highest bridge, reaching over 340m at the highest point. The bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridges in the world. It was built to relieve Millaus congestion problems. The congestion was then caused by traffic passing from Paris to Barcelona in Spain. The bridge was built to withstand the most extreme seismic and climatic conditions. Besides, it is guaranteed for 120 years! The Itaipu DamThe Itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in the world. It consists of a series of dams across the River Parana,which forms a natural border between Brazil and Paraguay. Started in 1975 and taking 16 years to complete, the construction was carried out as a joint project between the two countries. The dam is well-known for both its electricity output and its size. In 1995 it produced 78% of Paraguays and 25% of Brazils energy needs. In its construction, the amount of iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 Eiffel Towers. It is a truly amazing wonder of engineering. Animals Sixth SenseA tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004. It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animals, however seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that1 they possess a “sixth sense” for disasters, expert said.Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean islands coast clearly missed wild beasts, with no dead animals found.No elephants are dead, not_even a dead rabbit. I think animals can sense disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening, H. D. Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lankas Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. The waves washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lankas biggest wildlife reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.There has been a lot of apparent evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proven, said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behavior specialist at Johannesburg Zoo.There have been a lot of specific studies because you cant really test it in a lab or field sctting, he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred with this assessmentWildlife seem to be able to pick up certain phenomenon, especially birdsthere are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters, said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.Animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators.The notion of an animal sixth sense - or_some other mythical power is an enduring one3 which the evidence on Sri Lankas ravaged coast is likely to add to.The Romans saw owls as omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.Singing Alarms Could Save the BlindIf you cannot see, you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building and that could be fatal. A company in Leeds could change all that with ndirectional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit. Sound Alert, a company run by the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for blind people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in Cumbria.The alarms produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the sound is coming from. Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be heard by humans.“It is a burst of white noise that people say sounds like static on the radio,” she says. “Its life-saving potential is great.” She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of a large smoke-filled room. It took them nearly four minutes to find the door without a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one. Withington studies how the brain processes sounds at the university. She says that the source of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms based on he same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.The alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up or down stairs. They were developed with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles福特放弃电动汽车The Ford motor companys abandonment of 分析家说，福特汽车公司放弃电动汽车的决定，标志着公路技术的结束。 1999年，通用汽车公司和本田汽车公司停止生产电动汽车，专注于燃料电池和混合动力的电动汽油发动机，以此来吸引更多消费者。现在福特汽车公司声明将采取同样的行动。三年前，福特公司推出两座的Think City汽车和被称为Think或Think Neighbor的高尔夫用车，期望每年能够售出5000辆汽车和10000辆高尔夫用车。但是，由于需求的缺乏，仅生产了1000辆汽车，而2002年至今仅售出不到1700辆高尔夫用车。福特汽车公司欧洲分公司的迪姆霍姆斯星期五说：“这个结果表明，我们认为这不是交通环境巨大市场的未来。我们觉得我们对于电动汽车已经全力以赴了。” Think City汽车一次充六小时仅能行驶大约53英里的路程，而通用汽车公司的EVI电动汽车也只有100英里。非常昂贵的电池也意味着电动汽车的成本远远高于汽油动力汽车。在美国，与汽油动力汽车仅17000美元的价格相比，电动汽车丰田RAV4 EV的价格超过了42000美元。丰田与尼桑现在是仅有的主要的电动汽车制造商。英国地球之友的高级交通宣传家瑞格海格曼对环境新闻社说：“感觉上电动汽车拥有发展的机遇，现在福特公司不得不转向混合动力项目。而那正是我们将进行判断的东西。” 近几年丰田和本田推出的混合动力汽车销售良好。混合动力发动机比汽油发动机和电池动力提供更多的里程，并且电池还能自己充电。福特公司指出，它认为在美国这类车有助于汽车排放废气的新规则。然而，新规则的确切规定目前仍不清楚。今年6月，通用汽车公司和戴姆勒克莱斯勒公司赢得了法院的禁令，加州立法要求到2003年，汽车制造商推迟两年向加州提供十万辆零排放低排放车辆。汽车制造商们希望立法改为排放量更低，而不是零排放的车辆。Car manufacturers hope the legislation will be rewritten to allow for more low-emission, rather than zero-emission, vehicles.1.What have the Ford motor company, General Motors and Honda done concerning electric cars?-They have given up producing electric cars.2.According to Tim Holmes of Ford Europe,battery-powered cars -will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future3.Which auto manufacturers are still producing electric vehicles?-Toyota and Nissan4.According to the eighth paragraph,hybrid cars -run more miles than petrol driven cars5.Which of the following is true about the hope of car manufacturers according to the last paragraph?-The legislation will allow more low. emission to be producedWorld Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值In a finding that may speed efforts to conserve oil科威特科学家预测世界常规原油产量将在2014年达到峰值，这一发现可能会促进储存石油的努力。这一预測比其他预测提前了将近十年，已经发表在美国化学学会能量与燃料杂志上.伊布赫姆纳夏威和同事们指出，全球石油消耗的快速增长使人们对石油峰值预测的兴趣越来越浓。“石油峰值”指的是石油产量达到最大值然后开始下降的时间点。科学家已经构建了几个模型来预测这一时间，有些模型认为这一时间在2020年或更晚。其中最著名的预测模型之一是赫伯特模型。赫伯特模型认为世界石油产量呈钟形曲线，与此相关的概念是“石油峰值”。这一术语指的是世界石油产量达到峰值的那一刻，之后将呈现无法逆转的下降趋势。赫伯特模型精确地预测到美国石油产量于1970年达到峰值。这一模型从此受到欢迎，已经用于预测世界石油生产。但是，最近研究表明，这一模型不足以解释某些国家更加复杂的石油生产周期。科学家称，这些生产周期受到技术变化、政策和其他因素的很大影响。最新研究描述了赫伯特模型的新版本，提供了更加实际、更加准确的石油生产预测。科学家使用新模型评估了47个主要产油国家的石油生产趋势，这47个国家是世界常规原油的主要提供者。科学家预计全球常规原油产量将于2014年达到峰值，比之前预计的要早很多年。科学家还指出，世界石油储量正在以2.1%的速度逐年减少，他们认为新模型会帮助做出与能源相关的决定，帮助进行国家政策辩论。The new model could help inform energy-related decisions and public policy debate, they suggest.1.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “sparked” appearing in paragraph 2?-stimulated2.The term “a bell shaped curve” appearing in paragraph 2 indicates that global oil production will_-start to decline after global oil production peaks.3.Which of the following is NOT true of the Hubbert model?-It provides a very realistic and accurate oil production4.What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in the last paragraph?-It predicts global oil production will peak in 2014.5.Who develop the new version of the Hubbert model?-Kuwaiti scientists.Citizen Scientists公民科学家Understanding how nature responds to climate 理解大自然对气候变化有怎样的反应需要监视世界各个角落的关键生命周期事件一花开、叶子的出现、第一只青蛙叫出春天的到来。但是生态学家不可能去到世界的各个角落，所以他们向非科学家求助，这些非科学家有时也被称作公民科学家。气象科学家不可能足迹遍及天下。因为在世界上有如此多的地方，没有足够的科学家来观察它们。所以他们请求你来帮助观察全世界气候变化的迹象。公民科学家运动鼓励普通人根据自己的兴趣来观察某一个特定的方面鸟儿、树木、花开等等并把他们的观察结果发送到一个巨大的数据库来供专业科学家研究。这有助于数量有限的科学家得到如果只靠他们自己根本收集不到的巨大数据。就像公民记者帮助报道传统新闻报道方式所忽略的小型社区的相关信息一样，公民科学家也对他们所居住的环境很熟悉。所需要的就是每天或每周留出几分钟来搜集数据并发送过来。一群科学家和教育家在去年发起了一个叫做纽约国家物候学的组织。“物候学”就是科学家们所说的在自然中研究每个事件的时间。其中一个小组的首要尝试就是依靠科学家和非科学家来收集关于每年植物开花和长叶子的数据。这一项目叫做花季追踪计划，它收集遍布美国的各种各样的植物生长周期的数据。参与这一项目的人们这一计划对所有人开放把他们的观察记录在花季追踪计划网站上。“人们不需要是植物学家他们仅仅需要环视四周看看周围有什么。”Jennifer Schwartz说，她是这项计划的教育顾问。“通过收集数据，我们就能够估算出气候变化对植物和生物群落会有怎样的影响。”and animals will respond as the climate changes1.Ecologists turn to non-scientist citizens for help because they need them -to collect data of the life cycle-of living things.2.What are citizen scientists asked to do?-To send their research observations to a professional database.3.In All thats needed to become one ( paragraph2) , what does the word one stands for?-a citizen scientist.4.What is NOT true of Project BudBurst?-Only experts can participate in it.5.What is the final purpose of Project BudBurst?-To investigate how plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.Motoring Technology汽车技术1.2 million road deaths worldwide 每年，全世界有120万起路面交通死亡事故，以及5000万起路面交通伤残事故。为降低车祸发生率，现在有很多研究将注意力放在行车安全和开发新型燃料上。而有些关于电动机车和生物燃料的研究旨在达到更快的速度。高速驾驶一向是很危险的。一项在机动车安全前沿领域的研究是有关车内数字化辅助设施的。这些设施会确保：时睡着。通过运用人工智能软件，这些辅助设施可监控行车过程并确保在关键时刻司机不会被手机或广播干扰注意力。许多车祸是由人为原因造成的而非机械故障。一些行车安全方面的改进力图改善司机的视野。雷达可对雾中的障碍物定位，而其他的科技手段可透过阻碍你视线的高大车辆看到前方。对安全带、刹车板控制和车胎的改进也使行车过程变得更顺畅、安全。人们发现车的颜色与安全有关，令人不会感到惊讶的是，车的大小和形状也与安全有关。从矿物燃料中提取的汽油的替代物，例如植物油，也是研究中的一个热门区域。取材于氢气的燃料电池燃烧时无污染，并已成为一项重要研究的攻克对象。但不管燃料箱中盛为何物，你可不想在驾驶座上坐的是一个窃贼。对此，也有很多创新来打击汽集中一些运用了卫星跟踪和远程通讯。当发生车祸时，这些通讯系统也可起作用，自动地呼叫帮助。交通事故可引发许多交通堵塞。但在一畅通却繁忙的路段上，汽车间也有很多的细微互动，从而导致可能的阻塞。此类阻塞可用数据统计工具来进行分析。被编程的机器人可使交通流动更顺畅，并有朝一日有望成为每个人的私家司机。但最新成果表明这种设想并非短期内可以实现。but their latest efforts suggest that wont be soon1.What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents worldwide increase to a shocking rate?-They focus their research on safety and new fuels.2.According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happen -because drivers make mistakes.3.Which of the safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage?-Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.4.What is NOT the purpose of innovations that use satellite tracking and remote communications?-To call for help when the car gets jammed in the traffic.5.What is true of robotic drivers?-It will take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practical use.Late-Night Drinking在深夜饮咖啡Coffee lovers beware咖啡爱好者注意了。在深夜喝一杯快速提神的咖啡会严重影响你的睡眠，跟兴奋剂一样，咖啡因会扰乱褪黑激素的自由流动，这种褪黑激素是大脑里促人睡眠的一种荷尔蒙。在上床睡觉前约2小时的时候褪黑激素含量开始上升，在凌晨2点到4点达到最高值，然后再次下降。加州斯坦福大学斯坦福睡眠流行病学研究中心的Maurice Ohayon说：“控制我们睡眠的是神经激素，它告诉我们的身体什么时候睡觉，什么时候醒来。”而以色列的研究人员们发现含咖啡因的咖啡使这种睡眠荷尔蒙浓度降至一半。Lotan Shilo和Tel Aviv大学“Sapir医学中心”的一组人员，在给六位志愿者做试验时发现，他们在饮了咖啡因的咖啡后比饮了脱咖啡因的咖啡后睡眠质量要差。平均来说，在喝了含咖啡因的咖啡后每晚睡眠时间为336分钟，而喝了脱咖啡因的咖啡后则睡415分钟。同时他们得花半个小时入睡，是通常情况的两倍，另外，他们在床上辗转次数也要长一倍。在实验的第二阶段，研究人员每三个小时便叫醒一次志愿者，并叫他们提供尿样。Shilo检验了他们褪黑激素分解产物的浓度，结果显示，咖啡因摄入者体内的褪黑激素是非咖啡因摄入者的一半。在睡眠医学刊物上发表的文章中，研究人员暗示说，褪黑激素的生成由酶来促成，而咖啡因阻止了酶的生成。因为要花许多小时的时间才能将身体中的咖啡因除去，Ohayon建议咖啡爱好者应在午后换喝脱咖啡因的咖啡。that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch1.The author mentions “pick-me-up” to indicate that -coffee is a stimulant.2.Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?-Caffeine halves the bodys levels of sleep hormone.3.What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?-Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep.4.What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove?-Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.5.The author of this passage probably agrees that -we should not drink coffee after supper.Making Light of Sleep不要太在意睡眠All we have a clock located inside our brains我们每个人的大脑里都有一个像我们床边的闹钟一样的生物钟。人脑里的生物钟24小时走一圈，这一圈也就是一次完整的昼夜节律，正是这个节律决定了我们吃饭、睡觉和起床的时间。青春期时，人的生物钟在定时方面会发生变化，生物钟会提前。这时，青少年会比以前睡得晚，所以当你妈妈告诉你该睡觉时，你的生物钟可能会让你多推迟几小时，并且电脑或电视光线可能会导致你熬夜到更晚。生物钟的这种变化对青少年说是正常的，但熬夜到太晚会打乱你生物钟与昼夜时间循环之间的平衡，这样就会带来一些问题，例如：早晨很难按时起床。位于美国罗得州布郎大学睡眠方面的研究员Mary Carskadon说： “当青少年睡眠不足时会打不起精神，这将影响到他们心情、学习和思考问题的状态。”其实生物钟与闹钟一样，也是可调的，事实上，生物钟每天都在进行着自我调节，其方式就是通过你眼睛接收到光线的变化。很早之前，科学家就知道了昼夜光线强弱的变化对生物钟调节起到了重要的作用，长久以来，研究者们认为眼睛所接受到的平衡生物钟的光信号同样作用于人类的视觉系统。但最近几年的研究发现，人类眼睛有两个感光系统，一个是视觉系统，而另一个是感知昼夜的系统。system tells our body whether its day or night.1.The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm -clock because -it has a cycle of 24 hours.2.What is implied in the second paragraph? -Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents3.In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader that -staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers ability to think and learn.4.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?-Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.5.According to the last two paragraphs, what did the previous researchers think about the human eyes light-sensing system?-The human eye had one light-sensing systemSugar Power for Cell Phones用糖为手机发电Using enzymes commonly found in living一种新型燃料细胞通过利用活体细胞中很常见的酶能从糖中生产少量的电。如果这项技术能够成功应用于大批量生产，人们可以与自己的手机分享甜饮料（因为糖可以发电供给手机）。燃料细胞中的化学反应能产生电流。这个过程通常依赖于贵金属，比如铂。在活体细胞中，酶发挥类似的作用，通过分解糖得到电子进而产生能量。圣路易斯大学的Shelley D. Minteer说，以前研究人员在燃料细胞中使用酶时，很难维持酶的活性。生物细胞能不停地产生新鲜的酶，但燃料细胞中没有能替换很快降解的酶的机制。Minteer与同样来自圣路易斯大学的Tamara Klotzbach现在研制了一种聚合物，它能包裹酶并将其保存在用显微镜才能看见的袋子里。Minteer解释说：“我们改造袋子使其能为酶提供理想的微环境。”这种聚合物能使酶保持几个月而不是几天的活性。在新型燃料细胞中，装有酶的微小的聚合物袋子镶嵌在一张裹在一个电极上的薄膜里。含糖液体中的葡萄糖进入袋子时，酶将其氧化，释放出电子和质子。电子穿过薄膜进入一根导线并通过这根导线到达其他电子。导线中的电子与大气中的氧发生反应产生水。电子在导线中流动形成电流，电流能产生电能。伊利诺伊大学Urbana-Champaign校区的化学工程师Paul Kenis指出， 目前这种新型燃料细胞产生不了多少电能，但它们确实产生了电，这一事实令人激动. Kenis说：“单是使它可以产生电能，就是一项大的成果。”消耗糖的燃料细胞有可能成为高效的发电工具。糖容易得到，而且消耗糖的新型燃料细胞可生物降解，因此这项技术不会损害环境。目前，科学家们正试图利用别的能从糖中产生更多电的酶。他们预计，在不到三年的时间里这种新技术便可在大众化的产品中使用。new technology in as little as 3 years.1.According to the first paragraph, when can we share our sweet drinks with our cell phones?-When the technology of a new type of fuel cell is suitable for mass production.2.What trouble did Minteer and Klotzbach have in their research?-They had trouble keeping enzymes in fuel cells active.3.According to Paragraph 5, electrons are released -when the enzyme oxidizes the glucose from a sugary liquid that goes through a pocket4.What is exciting about the new fuel cells?-Their limited power generation capacity is a good beginning.5.According to the last paragraph, what is NOT true of the new fuel cells?-It will take some time before the new fuel cells can be used in popular products.Eiffel Is an Eyeful引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔Some 300 meters up, near the世界各地的人们都来到大约300米高，接近埃菲尔铁塔顶端的地方涂鸦。日本人、巴西人、美国人在这块冰冷的铁上涂上自己的名字、喜好和政治观点，使这最具有法兰西色彩的纪念碑成为动感世界的象征。从塔上可以看到巴黎市的远景，但奇怪的是，观光者们宁愿花时间留下到此一游的痕迹，而不去观赏风景。但这些涂鸦者也引起了一个问题：为什么在建成,114年后，且在几十年前就已经不是世界上最高的建筑物的今天，埃菲尔铁塔却仍然这么受欢迎。这个问题的答案就像那构成90层的铁塔的工程一样复杂。一部分的理由是，毫无疑问，铁塔是永不过时的。周期性的维护使得它永远不会被腐蚀掉。埃菲尔铁塔定期油漆，覆盖那些涂鸦，但是它仍将继续在下去。“埃菲尔是巴黎的象征，而巴黎又代表了法国。所以，埃菲尔十分具有象征性。”Hugues Richard说道。这位31岁的法国人保持着在19分零4秒的时间内骑自行车经过747级台阶登上铁塔第二层的纪录。“这是铁娘子，能让人产生灵感。”他说。但是它能使人们产生怎样的灵感呢？毕竟，铁塔并没有任何目的。1930年纽约的Chrysler大厦取代它成为世界上最高的建筑。但是电视和广播信号仍然从塔顶发送出来，而Gustave Eiffel，这个狂热的建造者利用它的高度进行气象学、空气动力学和无线电通讯的研究。他在12月27日逝世，终年91岁。本质上来说，铁塔伫立在那儿本身就是一个灵感它就像一张空白的画布，任游客自由遐想。对于那些善于从技术角度考虑问题的人来说，它是一个工程上的胜利；而对于恋人们来说，它则象征着浪漫。“这座塔将在我们所有的人离去后长久存在。”埃菲尔铁塔管理公司的Isabelle Esn
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