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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Myers,PSYCHOLOGY,Chapter 16,Psychological Disorders,Psychological Disorders,Psychological Disorder,a“harmful dysfunction”in which behavior is judged to be:,atypical-not enough in itself,disturbing-varies with time and culture,maladaptive-harmful,unjustifiable-sometimes theres a good reason,Historical Perspective,Perceived Causes,movements of sun or moon,lunacy-full moon,evil spirits,Ancient Treatments,exorcism,caged like animals,beaten,burned,castrated,mutilated,blood replaced with animals blood,Psychological Disorders,Medical Model,concept that diseases have physical causes,can be diagnosed,treated,and in most cases,cured,assumes that these“mental”illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy,which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital,Psychological Disorders,Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective,assumes that biological,sociocultural,and psychological factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders,Psychological Disorders,Psychological Disorders-Etiology,DSM-IV,American Psychiatric Associations,Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,(Fourth Edition),a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders,presently distributed as DSM-IV-TR(text revision),Psychological Disorders-Etiology,Neurotic Disorder,(term seldom used now),usually distressing but that allows one to think rationally and function socially,Psychotic Disorder,person loses contact with reality,experiences irrational ideas and distorted perceptions,Anxiety Disorders,Anxiety Disorders,distressing,persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety,Generalized Anxiety Disorder,person is tense,apprehensive,and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal,Anxiety Disorders,Panic Disorder,marked by a minutes-long episode of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain,choking,or other frightening sensation,Anxiety Disorders,Phobia,persistent,irrational fear of a specific object or situation,Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder,unwanted repetitive thoughts(obsessions)and/or actions(compulsions),Anxiety Disorders,Common and uncommon fears,Anxiety Disorders,Anxiety Disorders,PET Scan of brain of person with Obsessive/Compulsive disorder,High metabolic activity(red)in frontal lobe areas involved with directing attention,Mood Disorders,Mood Disorders,characterized by emotional extremes,Major Depressive Disorder,a mood disorder in which a person,for no apparent reason,experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods,feelings of worthlessness,and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities,Mood Disorders,Manic Episode,a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive,wildly optimistic state,Bipolar Disorder,a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania,formerly called manic-depressive disorder,Mood Disorders-Depression,Mood Disorders-Depression,Canadian depression rates,Mood Disorders-Suicide,Mood Disorders-Bipolar,PET scans show that brain energy consumption rises and falls with emotional switches,Depressed state,Manic state,Depressed state,Mood Disorders-Depression,Altering any one component of the chemistry-cognition-mood circuit can alter the others,Mood Disorders-Depression,The vicious cycle of depression can be broken at any point,Dissociative,Disorders,Dissociative,Disorders,conscious awareness becomes separated(dissociated)from previous memories,thoughts,and feelings,Dissociative,Identity Disorder,rare,dissociative,disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities,formerly called multiple personality disorder,Schizophrenia,Schizophrenia,literal translation“split mind”,a group of severe disorders characterized by:,disorganized and delusional thinking,disturbed perceptions,inappropriate emotions and actions,Schizophrenia,Delusions,false beliefs,often of persecution or grandeur,that may accompany psychotic disorders,Hallucinations,sensory experiences without sensory stimulation,Schizophrenia,Schizophrenia,Schizophrenia,Schizophrenia,Personality Disorders,Personality Disorders,disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning,usually without anxiety,depression,or delusions,Personality Disorders,Antisocial Personality Disorder,disorder in which the person(usually man)exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing,even toward friends and family members,may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist,Mood Disorders-Depression,Boys who were later convicted of a crime showed relatively low arousal,Personality Disorders,PET scans illustrate reduced activation in a murderers frontal cortex,Normal,Murderer,Personality Disorders,Rates of Psychological Disorders,
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