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style,*,*,Company,Logo,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,主要内容,鉴别试验,1,.,2,基本结构与性质,1,.,1,青蒿素类药物的分析,2,1,喹啉类药物的分析,纯度检查,1,.,3,含量测定,1,.,4,鉴别试验,1,.,2,基本结构与性质,1,.,1,纯度检查,1,.,3,含量测定,1,.,4,1,1,12.1.1,喹啉类药物的基本结构与主要性质,硫酸奎宁,*,N,喹啉环,喹核碱,1.,弱碱性,2.,旋光性,4.,荧光特性,3.UV,吸收,PK,b,=9.8,PK,b,=5.2,2,2,鉴别试验,一,.,化学法,12.1.2,1.,绿奎宁反应(鉴别,6-,位含氧喹啉衍生物),Br,2,NH,3,试液,H,+,,中性,蓝色,H,+,,酸性,紫红色,硫酸喹宁,硫酸奎尼丁,翠绿色,2.,与生物碱沉淀试剂的反应,3,3,鉴别试验,12.1.2,一,.,化学法,3.,酸根的反应,(,1,),B,2,H,2,SO,4,B,2,H,2,SO,4,BaCl,2,BaSO,4,(,在,HCl,和,HNO,3,中不溶),B,2,H,2,SO,4,PbAc,2,PbSO,4,(,在,NH,4,AC,和,NaOH,中溶解),4,4,鉴别试验,12.1.2,一,.,化学法,3.,酸根的反应,(,2,),B,2HCl,B,2HCl,AgNO,3,B,2HCl,MnO,2,HNO,3,AgCl,(,氨试液中溶解),混匀,H,2,SO,4,Cl,2,+,淀粉,-KI,试纸,蓝色,5,5,鉴别试验,12.1.2,一,.,化学法,3.,酸根的反应,(,3,),B,nH,3,PO,4,B,nH,3,PO,4,AgNO,3,MgNH,4,Cl,Ag,3,PO,4,(,氨试液和稀,HNO,3,中溶解),B,nH,3,PO,4,MgNH,4,PO,4,B,nH,3,PO,4,HNO,3,(NH,4,),2,MoO,4,(NH,4,),3,PO,4,12MoO,3,(,氨试液中溶解),6,6,鉴别试验,二,.,光谱法,1.UV,特征值:,2.,荧光光谱特征,蓝色荧光,dil H,2,SO,4,硫酸喹宁,3.IR,12.1.2,7,ChP,磷酸氯喹、磷酸咯萘啶,ChP,磷酸伯氨喹,7,纯度检查,12.1.3,一,.,酸度,1.,来 源:,主要是在成盐过程中引入。,2.,检查法:,取本品,0.20g,,加水,20ml,溶解,用酸度计进行测定,,pH,应为,5.56.6,。,8,8,纯度检查,12.1.3,二,.,三氯甲烷,-,乙醇中不溶物质,1.,目 的:,控制制备过程中引入的醇中不溶性杂质或无机盐类等。,2.,检查法:,取本品,2.0 g,三氯甲烷,-,无水乙醇(,2:1,),15 ml,50,O,C,15 min,垂熔坩埚滤过,沉淀,洗涤沉淀,,5,次,干燥至恒重,残渣(标准:不超过,2mg,),9,9,纯度检查,12.1.3,三,.,其他生物碱,方 法:,主成分自身对照法;杂质对照品对照法,2.,检查法:,对 供,(,50,g/mL,)(,10mg/mL,),对 供,硅胶,G,氯仿,-,丙酮,-,二乙胺,(,5:4:1.25,),对 供,10,10,含量,测,测定,12.1.4,非水,滴,滴定,法,法(,碱,碱量,法,法),紫外,分,分光,光,光度,法,法,比色,法,法,酸性,染,染料,比,比色,法,法,HPLC,法,11,11,含量,测,测定,一,.,非水,溶,溶液,滴,滴定,法,法,待测,物,物质,标准,溶,溶液,标准溶液,待测物质,确定,的,的化,学,学剂,量,量关,系,系,反应,完,完全,简单,,,,可,靠,靠的,终,终点,指,指示,方,方法,12.1.4,12,反应,速,速度,要,要快,12,含量,测,测定,12.1.4,一,.,非水,溶,溶液,滴,滴定,法,法,弱碱溶于酸性溶剂,中,中,,可,可以,增,增强,其,其碱,性,性,弱酸溶于碱性溶剂,中,中,,可,可以,增,增强,其,其酸,性,性,13,滴定,突,突跃,增,增大,,,,从,而,而使,弱,弱碱,(,(弱,酸,酸),性,性药,物,物的,滴,滴定,能,能顺,利,利地,进,进行,。,。,13,含量,测,测定,12.1.4,一,.,非水,溶,溶液,滴,滴定,法,法,溶剂,种,种类,14,质子,溶,溶剂,滴定,弱,弱碱,性,性物,质,质的,介,介质,酸性,溶,溶剂,滴定,弱,弱酸,性,性物,质,质的,介,介质,碱性,溶,溶剂,滴定,不,不太,弱,弱的,酸,酸碱,的,的介,质,质,两性溶,剂,剂,冰醋酸,、,、丙酸,等,等,乙二胺,、,、液氨,醇类,极性亲,质,质子溶,剂,剂,酰胺类,、,、酮类,、,、腈类,、,、二甲,亚,亚砜、,吡,吡啶,滴定弱,酸,酸或某,些,些混合,物,物的介,质,质,惰性溶,剂,剂,苯、氯,仿,仿、二,氧,氧六环,14,含量测,定,定,12.1.4,一,.,非水溶,液,液滴定,法,法(碱,量,量法),常用溶,剂,剂,冰醋酸,,,,醋酐。,常用滴,定,定剂,HClO,4,的,gHAc,溶液,常用指,示,示剂,结晶紫的,gHAc,溶液或电位法,15,15,含量测,定,定,12.1.4,一,.,非水溶,液,液滴定,法,法(碱,量,量法),1.,基本原,理,理,BH,+,A,-,+HClO,4,BH,+,ClO,4,+HA,当,HA,的酸性,较,较强时,,,,反应,不,不能定,量,量完成,,,,应除,去,去或降,低,低滴定,反,反应产,生,生的,HA,的酸性,。,。,16,16,含量测,定,定,12.1.4,一,.,非水溶,液,液滴定,法,法(碱,量,量法),2.,操作法,取供试,品,品适量,(,一般以,消,消耗标,准,准液约,8ml,为度),加,gHAc10-30ml,(必要,时,时可加,温,温热使,溶,溶解,,放,放冷),。,。若供试,品,品为氢,卤,卤酸盐,,,,应再,加,加,5%Hg(Ac),2,的冰醋,酸,酸溶液,3-5ml,,用,HClO,4,滴定液,(,(,0.1mol/L,)滴定,至,至终点,,,,并将结,果,果用空,白,白试验,校,校正。,17,17,含量测,定,定,12.1.4,3.,讨论,PK,b,810,宜选用冰醋酸为溶剂,PK,b,1012,宜选用冰醋酸,-,醋酐混合液,为,为溶剂,PK,b,12,宜选用醋酐为溶剂,3.1,溶剂的,选,选择,一,.,非水溶,液,液滴定,法,法(碱,量,量法),18,18,含量测,定,定,12.1.4,一,.,非水溶,液,液滴定,法,法(,有机碱,通,通用测,定,定法),3.,讨论,3.2,酸根的,影,影响,在冰,HAc,中:,HClO,4,HBr,H,2,SO,4,HCl,HSO,4,-,HNO,3,H,3,PO,4,一元强,酸,酸,一元弱,酸,酸,极弱酸,19,19,含量测,定,定,12.1.4,一,.,非水溶,液,液滴定,法,法(,有机碱,通,通用测,定,定法),3.,讨论,3.2,酸根的,影,影响,氢卤酸,盐,盐的测,定,定,HClO,4,HBr,H,2,SO,4,HCl,HSO,4,-,HNO,3,H,3,PO,4,B,H,+,X,-,+HClO,4,B,H,+,ClO,4,+HX,一元强,酸,酸或弱,酸,酸,先加入过量,Hg(Ac),2,/gHAc,溶液,消除氢卤酸的影响再进行滴定。,B,H,+,X,-,+Hg(Ac),2,B+,HAc,+HgX,2,20,20,含量测,定,定,12.1.4,一,.,非水溶,液,液滴定,法,法(,有机碱,通,通用测,定,定法),3.,讨论,3.2,酸根的,影,影响,硝酸盐,的,的测定,BH,+,NO,3,-,+HClO,4,BH,+,ClO,4,+HNO,3,极弱酸但有氧化性,极弱酸,不影响滴定突跃,氧化性,破坏指示剂,电位法,磷酸盐,的,的测定,极弱酸,无氧化性,常法测定,HClO,4,HBr,H,2,SO,4,HCl,HSO,4,-,HNO,3,H,3,PO,4,21,21,含量测,定,定,12.1.4,一,.,非水溶,液,液滴定,法,法(,有机碱,通,通用测,定,定法),3.,讨论,3.2,酸根的,影,影响,HClO,4,HBr,H,2,SO,4,HCl,HSO,4,-,HNO,3,例:硫,酸,酸奎宁,的,的含量,测,测定,硫酸盐,的,的测定,2,22,22,含量测,定,定,12.1.4,硫酸盐,的,的测定,2,(,1,)直接,滴,滴定法,硫酸奎,宁,宁原料,的,的含量,测,测定,摩尔比,=1,:(4-1)=1,:,3,1,4,23,23,含量测,定,定,12.1.4,硫酸盐,的,的测定,2,(,2,)先碱,化,化再滴,定,定,硫酸奎,宁,宁制剂,的,的含量,测,测定,摩尔比,=1,:4,4,碱化,24,24,含量测,定,定,12.1.4,硫酸盐,的,的测定,(,3,),加入,Ba(ClO,4,),2,消除,H,2,SO,4,的影响,摩尔比,=,?,25,25,含量测,定,定,12.
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