中考英语英语语法词性详解二-名词

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,同学们:,加油,！,！,！,更多资源,英语语法,词性详解一,名词,一、什么是“名词”,及,名词的分类,二、可数名词变复数的规则,三、不可数名词,四、名词所有格, 五、练习,、典型例题分析,、练习,（,）,（,）,（,）,(,4,),(,1,),(,2,),更多资源,名词:,表示一类事物名称的词。,类别,用法,例词,普通名词,可数名词,个体名词,表示某类人或东西中的个体,Pen, student, desk,集体名词,表示若干个个体组成的集合体,School, family, class,不可数名词,物质名词,表示无法分为个体的实物,Tea, water, paper,抽象名词,表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,Work, time, news,专有名词,某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称,Marx, Shanghai, china, The Great Wall, Party,返回,1.规则变化,2.,不规则变化,1、一般加-s,如:maps,cars,2、以s ， x ，sh, ch 结尾的加-es;如：dish-dishes,3、以辅音字母加y结尾的 ， 先变y为i ,再加-es ;如： baby-babies,family-families,4、以f,fe结尾的名词，通常要变f 或fe为v,再加-es; 如: leaf-leaves, wife-wives,life-lives,thief-thieves;,注:,belief-beliefs（信心）,roof-roofs（屋顶） , safe-safes（保险箱）, gulf-gulfs（海湾）则直接加s,5、以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：,a.,加s，如： photo photos,piano pianos ,kilo-kilos, radio radios,zoo zoos；,b.,加es，如：potato potatoes，tomatotomatoes,hero heroes(英雄),改变部分字母：,woman- women,妇女，,man- men,男人，,policeman-polimen,警察,child-children,孩子，,mouse-mice,老鼠,foot-feet,脚,tooth-teeth,牙,单、复数同形：,yuan元,people人、人民 ,Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人,sheep绵羊,deer,fish,关于“国人”的复数：,中、日友好：Chinese-Chinese中国人，Japanese-Japanese日本人英、法联邦：Englishman-Englishmen, 英国男人 Englishwoman-Englishwomen英国女人; Frenchman-Frenchmen, 法国男人 Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen法国女人;澳、加（真）美: Australian-Australians , Canadian- Canadians , American-Americans,返回,不可数名词：（前面不能用,a,an,等来修饰）,到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有：,液体类(water)：juice(果法) , tea（茶） , soup（汤） ,milk（牛奶） , cola（可乐） ,coffee（咖啡） ,肉类(meat)：beef（牛肉）,pork（猪肉）,mutton（羊肉）,粉末类：bread（面包） ,抽象名词类：news（新闻，消息）,information（消息）,money（钱）,advice（建意）,friendship（友谊） ,work（工作）,homework（家庭作业）,housework（家务活）,schoolwork（学业）,help（帮助） ,fun （乐趣）,health（健康）,price （价格）,食物类（food)：broccoli（花椰菜） , rice（大米，米饭） ,porridge（粥) ,junk food（垃圾食品）,chocolate（巧克力） ,tofu（豆腐）,不可数名词计量的表达:,个数单位词：piece （张、片、块、条）,容器单位词：bottle（瓶）,bag（包）,box（盒、箱）,类别单位词：kind( 种、类),度量衡单位词：kilo(千克、公斤),返回,名词所有格：,表示“（某人）的”:,一般在名词后加 s 构成。如：Jims mother 吉姆的妈妈 My teachers desk 我老师的桌子 the dogs name那狗的名字,若以S结尾词，则在S后加 .如：the boys 那些男孩的。,表示几个人共同的东西，只在最后一个人后加。,如：Lucy and Lilys mother 。,Lucy和Lily的妈妈（两人是姐妹）,表示几个人都分别有的东西，则每个都加。 如：Lucys and Lilys mothers .,Lucy 的妈妈和Lily的妈妈（两人不是姐妹）,一般用.of.结构来表示无生命的名词所有格： 如：the door of the room 房间的门,a map of China一 张中国地图 the photos of my my sister 我妹妹的照片,双重所有格,，例：a friend of my fathers,a classmate of mine,返回, 典型题例分析 ,例1 下列几组复数名词中，每组都有一个错词，请指出：,1 A.Chinese B. Frenchmen C. Englishmen D. Germen,2. A. tomatoes B. photos C. radioes D. potatoes,3. A. desks B. Americans C. friends D. breads,4. A. stories B. families C. plays D. keies,5. A. leaves B. knives C. rooves D. shelves,6. A. clothes B.monthes C. mouths D. fifths,返回,例2 判断下列文哪句译正确： 多好的消息啊！,A. What a good news it is ! B. What good news it is !,例3 单项选择,What you need is more . Dont always do your at your desk.,exercise ; exercise B. exercises ;,exersises,C. exercises ; exercise D. exercise ; exercises,例4 单项选择,All the,teachers and,students are having a party.,A . women ; girls B . women ; girl,C . woman ; girls D . woman ; girl,例5 改错,My trousers are too long , but hers is too short .,返回,例6 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空：,I dont think maths,( be ) easy .,例7 单项选择：,Mabel gave me,.,A. two bread B. some breads C. a piece bread D. two pieces of bread,例8 改错：,Shall I wait for you at the schools gate at five this after-noon ?,例9 单项选择：,mother is a worker .,Mary and Mikes B. Marys and Mikes,C. Marys,ane,Mike D. Mary and Mike,返回,例10 单项选择：,1.After the exams , we shall have,holiday .,A. two months B. two-month C. a two month D. a two months,2.Mr Smith is,.,A.English B. Englishman C. Englishwoman D. Englishmen,3.Wang Lei was born in Wuhan ,but Guangzhou has become her,second,.,A family B. home C. house D. country,4.Most Englist peoples family name comes,A. first B. middle C. last D. together,5.There is a,over the river .,A. ship B. boat C . bridge D. village,例13 改错,Youd better have walk after supper .,返回, 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：,1The two girls are,( Japan ) .,2. The,( baby ) are asleep .,3. Do you know the two,( man teacher ) ?,4. The,( child ) are washing their,( foot ) .,5.There are two,( people ) and lots of,( sheep ) in the fields .,6. September 10 is,( teacher ) Day .,7. I think physics,( be )more interesting than maths .,8. Dont you think the,( radio ) are too noisy ?,9. Whose,( knife )are these ?,10. “ Whose house is this ?” “ Its the,( Smith )” .,返回,单项选择：,The boy dropped the,and broke it .,A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup,2. In,time , those mountains will be covered with trees , too .,A. few years B. a few years C. a few year D. a few years,3. Granny is badly ill . We have to take her to the,.,A. farm B. post office C. ship D. hospital,4. I have,to tell you .,A. a news B. many news,C. a good piece of news D. many newses,5.,are sold in that shop .,A. Mens and childrens shoes B. Mens and childs shoes,C. Mens and children shoes D. Man and child shoes,6. If anyone comes to see me , ask him to leave a,.,A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice,7. Miss Smith is a friend of,.,A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother,C. Mary mothers D. Mothers of Mary.,8. If these trousers are too big , buy a smaller,.,A. piece B. kind C. copy D . pair,9. Its my,dog .,A. sister Lilys B. sisters Lilys C. sister Lily D. sisters Lily,10. She had beautiful black,but I could see some white,.,A. hair ; hair B. hairs ;hairs C. hair ; hairs D. hairs;hair,返回,名称 总称(谓语用复数)一个人 两个人,中国人,the Chinese,a Chinese,two Chinese,瑞士人,the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss,澳大利亚人,the Australians an Australian two Australians,俄国人,the Russians a Russian two Russians,意大利人,the Italians an Italian two Italians,希腊人,the Greek a Greek two Greeks,法国人,the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen,日本人,the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese,美国人,the Americans an American two Americans,印度人,the Indians an Indian two Indians,加拿大人,the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians,德国人,the Germans a Germans two Germans,英国人,the Englishan Englishman two Englishmen,瑞典人,the Swedish a Swede two Swedes,注意：与,man,和,woman,构成的合成词，其复数形式也是,-men,和,-women,。,如：,an Englishman,，,two Englishmen.,但,German,不是合成词，故复数形式为,Germans,1.名词前的修饰词：,放在可数名词复数前的有：many(许多） , few（很少） , a few（一些）,放在不可数名词复数前的有: much(许多） , little （很少）, a little（一些）(可数、不可数前）都可放的词有：a lot of ,lots of(许多）, some （一些）,2.有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：,goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼,3.以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：,a.,maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。,b.,news 是不可数名词。,c.,the United States，the United Nations (联合国)应视为单数。,d.,以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。 The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 是一本非常有趣的故事书。,注：,物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用,双重所有格,。 公式为：,a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词,。,如： a friend of mine. each brother of his.,返回,复合名词,应该属于一种构词法。之所以把它放到名词来讲，是因为复合名词首先它也属于名词，而且很多都是由名词+名词构成。通过它可以加深我们对名词的理解，扩大我们的词汇量。,如:,river bank河岸，江岸 winterclothes冬季服装 kitchentable厨房用的桌子,复合名词的意思一般都是构成词的意思而得出的。例如，winterclothes就是winter 冬天+clothes衣服=冬季衣服。,不仅仅名词+名词=新名词。复合名词还可以由其他方法构成。例如，名词+动名词：weight-lifting举重；动名词+名词：diningroom餐厅，食堂等等,