书面表达分层及应用文写作训练

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2015/6/2,#,应用文写作训练,如何做到写作训练有的放矢？,（,一,）了解课标和考纲对写作能力的要求,（,二,）了解高考“书面表达”的特点,（三）“书面表达”教学建议,课标,七级,写作标准,写的技能,1.,能用文字及图表提供信息并进行简单的评论。,2.,能写出常见体裁的,应用文,，例如：,信函和一般通知,等。,3.,能,描述人物或事件,，并进行简单的,评论,。,4.,能填写有关个人情况的表格，例如：申请表等。,5.,能以小组形式根据课文改编短剧。,（一）,课标和考纲对写作能力的要求,高考考纲,写作考查要求,根据不同文体，运用,恰当的句式、词汇和语法,完成书面表达任务；,2.,做到,内容完整、语意连贯、交际得体,。,（一）,课标和考纲对写作能力的要求,课标七级,写作标准,2.,能写出常见体裁的,应用文,，例如：,信函和一般通知,等。,3.,能,描述人物或事件,，并进行简单的,评论,高考考纲,写作考查要求,根据不同文体，运用,恰当的句式、词汇和语法,完成书面表达任务；,2.,做到,内容完整、语意连贯、交际得体,。,要点齐全；连词合理；写作目的明确,写前,审题,写中,语言质量,（二）高考“书面表达”特点,应用文,写作,写作目的,完成,交际任务,跟,谁打交道？想办什么事？,信件,、通知等,写作手法,简洁,明了，使用最,简洁,的语言（词数？）,用,适合接收者的方式写作（写给谁看？）,充分,展示,语言,的,精练,2014,年,-2015,年北京考试说明,你的英国朋友,Chris,打算在学校成立一个中国功夫（,kung fu,）俱乐部，来信,向你咨询,如何进行宣传。请你根据以下提示回信。,1.,在校园张贴海报；,2.,在网络上发布信息；,3.,组织功夫表演活动。,注意：,1.,词数不少于,50,；,2.,可适当添加细节，以使行文连贯；,3.,开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。,Dear Chris,Im glad that youre planning to set up a Chinese kung fu club.,As for how to make it known,I think you may,put up a poster in school.,You may also,introduce the club over the Internet.,Besides,you could,put on a Chinese kung fu show.,They will surely attract a lot of students.,I hope it will be helpful.If you need more information,just let me know.,75w,Yours,Joe,Dear Chris,I am happy to hear from you and learn that you will set up a Chinese kung fu club in your school.,I think you can put up some posters on your campus,to attract more students attention,.Also,it is a good idea to put some information on the Internet,which may make more people know Chinese kung fu.,Besides,organizing some kung fu performances will help you arouse more students interest in your club.,I hope all my suggestions above can help you.I am looking forward to hearing from you.,95w,Yours,Joe,Dear Chris,I am glad to hear that you are going to set up a kong fu club,.It is really cool,and now I am going to give you some advice about it.,First,youd better put up some posters around the campus,to draw students attention.In the poster,you can put a Jackie Chan or a Bruce Lees figure in it,because they are the most recognized kung fu stars in the world.,You can also put some information about the club online,such as what students can learn in this club,or what activities the club will hold,which can make students know more details about the club,.Also,organizing some exciting kung fu show in your school can be a brilliant idea.,Nothing can be more impressive than watching real people playing the magical kung fu,can it?After that,I believe everyone in your school will know your kung fu club.,I hope your kong fu club can be a great success,and students in your school can know more about kong fu as well as Chinese culture,.185w,Yours,Joe,（,1,）学生有什么问题？,（,2,）教师该如何指导？,审题：不仔细看中文；不清楚写作对象；,不考虑写作目的；不知道使用什么功能句,表达：英文单词不会拼写,不会组织句子,翻译不灵活，字对字的生硬翻译,翻译不准确,语言不简洁，长篇大论,（,1,）,学生有什么问题？,对应用文的认识方面：,不理解评分标准的总要求,试题规定的任务,缺乏从整体进行判断的意识,完全以要点是否覆盖作为评判标准,1.,不,审题,或,审题有,误。,（,1,）,文体不合适，写成邀请信,:,如，,Im sincerely inviting you to,（,2,）要点信息错误：,“西北出口”写错，,“,2,月,18,日”日期写错；,“共度除夕”写成“共度春节”。,学生应用文的问题：,审什么？怎么审？,你的英国朋友,Chris,打算在学校成立一个中国功夫（,kung fu,）俱乐部，来信,向你咨询,如何进行宣传。请你根据以下提示回信。,1.,在校园张贴海报；,2.,在网络上发布信息；,3.,组织功夫表演活动。,注意：,1.,词数不少于,50,；,2.,可适当添加细节，以使行文连贯；,3.,开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。,跟谁打交道？,美国朋友,语气、措辞,想办什么事？,对方：寻求建议,你：给建议,建议信,功能句,2.,交际不得体,（,3,）,I have heard that you got a scholarship recently,congratulations!,I know that you love Yunnan China and you will come here in July.But unfortunately,I have hurt my feet and still couldnt move in these days.,3.,要点不齐全,缺要点：要点,1“,全家欢迎”没写。,4.,行文不流畅,Im travelling in Europe to relax myself.Luckily,I know you lived in Dover.The next stop in my plan is Dover.Its a good time to have a talk with you this year.I really miss you.But I will go soon because I really want to go to France where there are lots of amazing things.So I will arrive at Dover next Friday and I want to stay at your home for one night.And I book a ship ticket from Dover to France on next Saturday.Please let me have a rest at your home.I bring my sleeping bag.I wish I will not make trouble on you.,5.,语言不简洁、不精准,用词有误,烟花：,smog flower,水饺：,water dumplings,中关村：,Zhongguan village,放鞭炮：,set fireworks/bian pao,dumplings,firecrackers,set off,Zhongguancun,1.,应用文写作训练层次：,应用文的特点：,实用：处理工作中和生活中的实际问题,规范：在格式上具有程式化、规范化的特点,训练层次：,格式方面的训练：背诵及灵活使用功能套句,内容方面的训练：提高语言质量,思维方面的训练：有效组织全文信息,（,2,）教师该如何指导,？,对策,1.,提高语言质量,以各种形式背诵单词：写作常用词,时间的写法,（星期、月份、清早等时间状语）,提供必要词汇及句型,句型翻译,2.,培养学生的交际意识,背诵及灵活使用功能套句,（,word,文档）,背诵英语应用文范文,每种形式一篇范文,对策,3.,行文流畅,恰当的过渡词,合理添加细节，以使行文流畅,（细节不是必须的,只为更连贯。有细节对了不加分,但错了要减分。）,4.,写作专题,交际意识、语言应用准确性、文章的逻辑,5.,作文面批,6.,对学生的分层要求,先让学生根据自己的情况定位，然后又针对性地进行努力,书面表达的分层次教学,对于基础差的学生：,1.,养成根据,要点,写句子的习惯,2.,平时在课堂,加大,对常用短语,的,听写力度,；,3.,考,前背诵强化基本考纲词汇；,4.,尽量表述出真实情感,;,5.,仿写完形 或阅读中的相关句子，但能照抄,6.,加强规范书写,书面表达的分层次教学,对于中等程度的学生：,1.,培养有意识地从一般词汇向高级词汇过渡；,2.,培养,有意识从单一句式向复杂、特殊句式过渡；,3.,分层次，分段落；,4.,规范书写，卷面整洁,书面表达的分层次教学,对于写作水平较好的学生：,1.,写作 要有思想、深度，要有创造性、与众不同的、新颖的观点；,2.,句与句、段与段衔接自然流畅；,3.,要点不能疏漏；,4.,高分作文不在长，不在量大，而在词、句、段的完美结合；,5.,书写工整规范,写作的时间分配,一节写作课的各个环节要安排得紧凑有序，层层递进。写前准备（包括话题讨论，范文学习，写作技巧，提纲等）用,15,分钟；独立写作,15,分钟左右；评价（包括自评，同伴互评，师生共评等）