翻译策略与习语的翻译

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,张伟红,*,1.,毛泽东，孙中山，,Mao Tse-tung(Mao Zedong)Sun Yat-sen,Pearl Buck,Mohammed,Jesus Christ;,赛珍珠 穆罕默德 基督耶稣,2.,内蒙古，天安门，,Inner Mongolia;Tiananmen Square,二七纪念塔，太湖，,Erqi Memorial Tower Taihu Lake,Baltimore,Lincoln Memorial,巴尔的摩 林肯纪念堂,3.,打电话，打的，打水，,make a phone call,take a taxi,fetch water,打篮球，打毛衣,play basketball,knit a woolen sweater,张伟红,4.,bringdownthehouse,博得全场喝彩,pulluponessocks,鼓起勇气,Whatashame!,多可惜！真遗憾！,Youcansaythatagain!,说得好！,Hewasonlytoopleasedtoletthemgo.,他很乐意让他们走。,张伟红,radar,TOEFL,Sprite,Boeing,Cocacola,雷达 托福 雪碧 波音 可口可乐,marathon,miniskirt,dacron,deeis,vitamin,马拉松 迷你裙,的确良,?,敌杀死 维他命,Gestapo,montage,beetles,hippies,yuppies,盖世太保,蒙太奇,?,披头士 嬉皮士 雅皮士,张伟红,第四讲 翻译策略与习语的翻译方法,张伟红,2010-9-27,张伟红,主要内容,一、翻译策略,二、词语的指称意义和蕴涵意义,三、英汉词语对应关系,四、习语等的翻译方法,张伟红,一、翻译策略,(translation strategy),译者在翻译活动中所采取的行为方针,“只有两种方法，译者要么尽可能不打扰作者，引导读者向作者靠拢；要么尽可能不打扰读者，引导作者向读者靠拢。”（施莱尔马赫,Schleiermacher,）,1995,年，美国翻译理论家劳伦斯,韦努蒂,(Lawrence Venuti),正式提出了“异化,(foreignization)”,和“归化,(domestication)”,两种翻译策略。,张伟红,异化，使读者靠近外国文化，让他,/,她看到两种文化的差异。,Eg.1)They dare,say no,to the superpower!,他们敢于对那个超级大国,说不,！,2)It was a concern,which brough just employment enough.,A:,那是个小商行，刚好有足够的事情让他干。（异化）,B:,靠着一家商行，他不愁无事可做。（归化）,3)He has,fished,in Manhattans wallet,and dug out coins.,A:,他,到曼哈顿去挣钱,，只捞到几个小钱,.,B:,他,把手伸进曼哈顿的钱囊里捞钱,.,张伟红,归化，使外国文化靠近译入语文化的读者，使译本能为读者认知和熟悉。,Eg.1)High buildings and large mansions are springing up,like mushrooms,in Beijing.,在北京，高楼大厦犹如,雨后春笋,般地涌现。,2),大家心里乐开了花，像,办喜事,那样忙忙碌碌地做着各种准备工作。,Everyone was as pleased as though,a festival,was approaching,and set about getting ready for it.,3)Barbara Tober observes that the bridesmaids,in the days when many brides were mere children,were called upon to assist her with dressing and with the,logistics of moving to her new home,.,芭芭拉,托伯说，过去许多新娘只不过是孩子，因此便请来女傧相帮助她们梳妆打扮，送她们,过门,。,.,并帮其做好搬进丈夫家的各项准备工作。,张伟红,要防止过分归化，在英汉翻译中有几种成语不宜使用：反映中华民族特殊习俗的，“拂袖而去”“罄竹难书”；带有汉字特征的，“目不识丁”“八字没一撇”；含有中国地名的，“黔驴技穷”“稳如泰山”；含有中国人名的，“班门弄斧”“事后诸葛亮”,Eg.1)Unless you have,an ace up your sleeve,you are dished.,除非你有,锦囊妙计,，否则我们是输定了。,除非你,袖中藏有王牌,，否则我们是输定了。,2.“Of course it may,”said Angel.“Was it not proved nineteen hundred years ago-if I may,trespass upon your domain,a little?”,“,当然可以，”安琪说道，“一千九百年以前，不是有人做到了吗？我这是,班门弄斧,了，请原谅。”,“当然可以啦，”安琪说道。“恕我冒昧地,说一句你们的行话,：这个事实不是一千九百年以前就被证明过了吗？”,张伟红,归化与异化并用互补,归化翻译可以替读者排除阅读障碍，更容易使读者获得文学审美的愉悦；,异化翻译可以保留原文的域外情趣，有助于引进西方一些新鲜生动的词语和表达方式，丰富译入语的表达手段。,在语言层面上归化，在文化层面上异化。,张伟红,二、词语的指称意义和蕴涵意义,词是可以独立运用的最小语言单位。,“辨义乃翻译之本”,1.,指称意义：词的确切和字面的意义，基本意义。,moon-,月亮；,mountain-,山；狼,-wolf;,吃,-eat,Eg.1)The teacher is telling an interesting,story,to the children.,老师在给孩子们讲一个有趣的,故事,。,2)The war is becoming the most important,story,of this generation.,这场战争将成为这一代人所经历的最重大的,事件,。,3)Its quite another,story,now.,现在的,情况,完全不同了。,4)Sallys,story,was one of the saddest.,莎莉的,经历,最为悲惨。,张伟红,Eg.1),他,是,我父亲。,He,is,my father.,2),这姑娘,是,漂亮。,This girl is,really,beautiful.,3),是,可忍，孰不可忍？,If,this,can be tolerated,what cannot?,4),是,古非今,To,praise,the past and condemn the present,张伟红,2.,蕴涵意义指词语内含的情感和联想意义，是词语的隐含意义（联想，比喻意义）。,月亮,vs.moon;,玉,vs.jade;,狗,vs.dog;,龙,vs.dragon,词语的蕴涵意义主要体现在词语修辞色彩、文体特征、文化内涵等方面，折射出该民族独特的思维模式和深厚的文化积淀，给人以极大的审美享受。,因此，翻译此类词语时，应在不影响指称意义传达的前提下尽可能在译文中反映出原文独特的文化信息和什么价值。,Eg.1),一切反动派都是,纸老虎,。,All reactionaries are,paper tigers,.,2)A cat has nine lives.,猫有九命。,张伟红,三、英汉词语的对应关系,1.完全对应（主要是专有名词和术语）,Maxism,asprin；北京，激光,马克思主义，阿司匹林；Peking,laser,2.一词多义(常见),carry:,搬、运、提、拎、挑、担、背、抬,wife:,妻子，爱人，夫人，内人，媳妇，老婆，老伴,人：,human being,man,person,people,羊：,sheep,goat,ram,ewe,lamb,3.词义空缺,clock-watcher:,老是看着钟表等下班的人,阴、阳：,yin,yang,张伟红,四、习语等的翻译方法,习语,/,成语,(idioms),俗语,(colloquialisms),谚语,(proverbs),俚语,(slangs),1.,直译法,Eg.1)Packed like sardines;sour grape;,挤得像沙丁鱼罐头；酸葡萄,a gentlemen agreement;the Trojan horse;,君子协定；特洛伊木马,the cold war;an olive branch;a black horse,冷战；橄榄枝；黑马,2)Barking dogs do not bite.,吠犬不咬人。,张伟红,3),打草惊蛇；井底之蛙；调虎离山；史无前例,To stir up the grass and alert the snake,To be like a frog at the bottom of a well,To lure the tiger from the mountain,Without precedent in history,4),竭泽而渔,To drain the pond to catch all the fish,To kill the goose that lays the golden eggs,对牛弹琴,To play the lute to a cow,To cast pearls before swine,守口如瓶,To keep ones mouth closed like a bottle.,To keep a still tongue in ones head,张伟红,2.,意译法：,Eg.1)to break the ice;a fish out of water;,打破沉默；不自在；,a wet blanket;in the seventh heaven;,扫兴的人；非常高兴,born with a silver spoon in ones mouth,出生富贵之家,to hang on sbs lips;to get cold feet,对某人言听计从；开始感到怀疑、胆怯或害怕,2)Every man has a fool in his sleeve.,人人都有糊涂的时候。,张伟红,3),眉飞色舞；粗枝大叶；无孔不入；风雨飘摇,To beam with joy,To be crude and careless,To take advantage of every weakness,(of a situation)being unstable,4),毛遂自荐；南柯一梦；罄竹难书,To volunteer ones service,a fond dream of illusory joy,(of crime)too numerous to mention,5),过去的几周，她越来越,六神无主,。,Over the past few weeks,she had grown increasingly,restless,.,6),此地无银三百两。,A guilty person gives himself away by conspicuously protesting his innocence.,张伟红,3.,套译,Eg.1)to fish in troubled waters;burn the boat;,混水摸鱼；破釜沉舟；,to add fuel to the fire;castle in the air,火上浇油；空中楼阁,2)Walls hav