lecture 9(精品)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Allusions,Outline,I.Introduction,II.The Origins of Allusions in English,III.The Origins of Allusions in Chinese,IV.The Suggested Practice on Interpretation of Allusions,in allusion to,针对,.,而言,暗指,make(an)allusion to,间接提到,暗指,-,典故,I.Introduction,Definition,:According to,Websters New Collegiate Dictionary,allusion is defined as“an implied or indirect reference,esp.when used in literature”.In some Chinese dictionaries,allusions is defined as“some expressions used in poems which are quoted from the ancient stories or have some origins”.As it is rich in cultural meanings,its application can add splendor to the writings,and its translation thus has attracted much attention from the scholars.,And.,Functions of allusions:it not only enriches language,but also vivify and easy the communication.Besides,allusions also reflect the rich cultural heritage of the people who speak the language.,More,Literature review,:many papers concerning the allusions are produced,for example,Lie(2008)explored the origins of English allusions from several aspects.Chen(2006)invested the translation of the allusions in Chinese poem“Moored on,Qinhuai,River”,from Relevance theory.Wang(2005)dealt with the transplant and compensation of Chinese allusions to English.All the research has enriched our understanding to allusions.,II.The Origins of English Allusions,2.1 some involve events or characters from the treasure house of English literature,especially from Shakespeare.The following examples fall into this category.,A Shylock,Romeo,Juliet,Sherlock Holmes,Frankenstein,Uncle Tom,Waterloo,Catch-22 situation,.,More,2.2 Another common source of allusions of English is legends and mythology,mostly from Greek and Roman mythology.For example,a Herculean task,an Achilles heel,a Pandoras box,a Damocles sword,and so on.,2.3 Religion is another source of allusions.,For examples,a Solomon,a Judas,thirty pieces of silver,a kiss of death,.,More.,2.4 some other allusion are from the sports,the most troublesome are those that involve recent or contemporary events,personalities,products,etc.,For instance,to not get to the first base,to have two strikes against someone,to carry the ball,an armchair quarterback,to be down and out,to hit below the belt,play ones trump card(s),squeeze play,to swallow the bait,an Ivy Leaguer,as American as apple pie,.,中文典故举例,围魏救赵,见于,史记,孙子吴起列传,战国时，魏将庞涓率军围攻赵国都城邯郸。赵求救于齐，齐王命田忌、孙膑率军往救。孙膑魏军主力在赵国，内部空虚，就带兵攻打魏国都城大梁，因而，魏军不得不从邯郸撤军，回救本国，路经桂陵要隘，又遭齐兵截击，几乎全军覆没。这个典故是指采用包抄敌人的后方来迫使它撤兵的战术。,公元前,354,年，魏国军队围赵国都城邯郸，双方战守年余，赵衰魏疲。这时，齐国应赵国的求救，派田忌为将，孙膑为军师，率兵八万救赵。攻击方向选在哪里？起初，田忌准备直趋邯郸。孙膑认为，要解开纷乱的丝线，不能用手强拉硬扯，要排解别人打架，不能直接参与去打。派兵解围，要避实就虚，击中要害。他向田忌建议说，现在魏国精锐部队都集中在赵国，内部空虚，我们如带兵向魏国折都城大梁猛插进去，,占据它的交通要道，袭击它空虚的地方，它必然放下赵国回师自救，齐军乘其疲惫，在预先选好的作战地区桂陵迎敌于归途，魏军大败，赵国之围遂解。孙膑用围攻魏国的办法来解救赵国的危困，这在我国历史上是一个很有名折战例，被后来的军事家们列为 叁十六计中的重要一计。围魏救赵这一避实就虚的战法为历代军事家所欣赏，至今仍有其生命力。,英 文翻译,besiege Wei to rescure Zhaorelieve the besieged by besieging the base of the besiegers,III.The Origins of Allusions in Chinese,3.1 From literature,especially the four master pieces.,刘姥姥进大观园,;,智多星,;,林妹妹,;,阿,Q,3.2 From historical figures or events.,四面楚歌,;,围魏救赵,;,完璧归赵,3.3 From Chinese fables.,画蛇添足,;,守株待兔,;,对牛弹琴,;,牛郎织女,;,嫦娥奔月,3.4 From religions,八仙过海,各显神通,;,临时抱佛脚,;,做一天和尚撞一天钟,;,一人得道,仙及鸡犬,;,放下屠刀,立地成佛,3.5 From sports and recreation,马后炮,异曲同工,一唱一和,跑龙套,唱红脸,唱白脸,粉墨登场,IV.The Suggested Practice on Interpretation of Allusions,The suggested practice for Chinese interpreters or people conversing with English-speaking visitors is to give a rough equivalent or a brief explanation without going into details,so as not to distract from the main thread of the idea being discussed.,一桶水摇不响，半桶水响叮当,有人照字面译成：,The full pot of water makes no sound;the half-empty pot of water is noisy.,老外听后，也许会感到困惑。他们有自己的说法：,A little knowledge(or learning)can be(or is)dangerous.,（一知半解很危险。）或者说：,Still water runs deep.,（静水深不可测。）也可以说：,He who knows the most says the least.,（懂得越多的人，反而说得越少。）,水落石出,有人照字直译为：,As the water level sinks,the stones are exposed.,这样说，恐怕老外还是听不懂。他们的说法是：,All secrets may eventually come to light.,（所有祕密最后总会曝光。）也可以说：,Eventually,every secret will be disclosed.,这山望到那山高,有人译成：,The apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest.,（意思是：墙那边的苹果最甜。）当然，如要译成：,If you stand on a mountain,you feel the distant mountain seems higher than yours.,老外也勉强能接受。而他们的最习惯说法是：,The grass always looks greener on the other side.,（另一边的草，看来总是绿些。）,烈火炼真金，患难见真情,有人译成：,Fire is the test of gold;adversity is the test of friendship.,这句译文，虽然很好，老外也能了解，但是他们还有另外的说法：,Liquor brings out a persons true color.,（烈酒能显示一个人真正的特色。）或者说：,Wine reveals a persons true heart.,虽然老外不用,烈火炼真金,的比喻，但有,路遥知马力,的说法：,By a long road,we know a horses strength;at times of difficulty,we discover a friends true character.,雷声大，雨点小,有人译为：,The thunder roars loudly,but little rain falls.,或者说：,All we hear is thunder,but no rain falls.,虽然这样直译比较容易理解，但是老外的说法是这样的：,Actions speak louder than words.,（行动胜于言谈。）或,All we hear is words,but there is no action.,（只动嘴不动手。）或,Actions and words should go han