XXXX第三章经济核算与环境

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,第三,章,章,经,经,济,济核,算,算与,环,环境,EconomicAccountingandEnvironment,第一,节,节,经,经,济,济核,算,算,第二,节,节,经,经,济,济增,长,长与,人,人类,福,福利,第三,节,节,经,经,济,济增,长,长与,环,环境,2022/11/9,2,2,第一节,经,经济核,算,算,EconomicAccounting,一、经济,部,部门分类,EconomicSectorClassification,很多国家,都,都有自己,的,的经济部,门,门分类,Mostcountries havea classificationsystemfortheir economic sectors,US(previously SIC Standard IndustrialClassification),NowNAICS(NorthAmerican IndustrialClassificationSystem),UN(SNA,SystemofNationalAccounts),2022/11/9,3,3,经济部,门,门分类,EconomicSectorClassification,分类有,利,利于,This classification facilitates,经济产,出,出和投,入,入的系,统,统核算,（,（国民,收,收入和,产,产品账,户,户）,Systematic accountingofthe outputoftheeconomyanduse of theoutput(National IncomeandProductAccountsNIPA),监测和,报,报告绩,效,效，如GDP,Monitoring andreportingofperformancemeasuressuchasGrossDomesticProduct,比较和,基,基准,Comparison andbenchmarking,规划和,预,预测,投,投入产,出,出分析,PlanningandforecastingInput-OutputAnalysis,2022/11/9,4,4,行业分,类,类,Majorindustries in China,A,农林牧,渔,渔业,Agriculture,Forestry,Fishing,andHunting,B,采矿业,Mining,C,制造业,Manufacturing,D,电力、,热,热力、,燃,燃气及,水,水生产,和,和供应,业,业,Utilitiesand supplyindustryonelectricity,heat,gas andwater,E,建筑业,Construction,F,批发和,零,零售业,WholesaleTradeand RetailTrade,G 交,通,通运输,、,、仓储,和,和邮政,业,业,Transportation,storageandpostal services,I 信,息,息传输,、,、软件,和,和信息,技,技术服,务,务业,transferinformation,softwareand IT services,2022/11/9,5,J,金融业,FinancialIndustry,K,房地产,业,业,Real Estate,L,租赁和,商,商务服,务,务业,Leasing andBusinessServices,M,科学研,究,究和技,术,术服务,业,业,scientific andtechnicalservices,N,水利、,环,环境和,公,公共设,施,施管理,业,业,Water,environmentand publicfacilities managementindustry,O,居民服务、,修,修理和其他,服,服务业,resident services,repairs andother services,P,教育,Education,Q,卫生和社会,工,工作,Health andsocial work,R,文化、体育,和,和娱乐业,Culture,SportsandEntertainment,S,公共管理、,社,社会保障和,社,社会组织,public administration,socialsecurity and socialorganizations,T,国际组织,International Organizations,5,2022/11/9,6,6,A,农林牧渔业,Agriculture,Forestry,Fishing,andHunting,01农业,011,谷,谷物种植,0111,稻,稻谷种植,0112,小,小麦种植,0113,玉,玉米种植,0119,其,其他谷物,种,种植,012,豆,豆类、油料,和,和薯类种植,013,棉,棉、麻、糖,、,、烟草种植,014,蔬,蔬菜、食用,菌,菌及园艺作,物,物种植,015,水,水果种植,016,坚,坚果、含油,果,果、香料和,饮,饮料作物种,植,植,0170170,中,中药材种植,0190190,其,其他农业,2022/11/9,7,02林业,021,林,林木育种和,育,育苗,0211,林,林木育种,0212,林,林木育苗,0220220,造,造林和更,新,新,0230230,森,森林经营,和,和管护,024,木,木材和竹材,采,采运,0241,木,木材采运,0242,竹,竹材采运,025,林,林,产,产品,采,采集,0251,木,木竹,材,材林,产,产品,采,采集,0252,非,非木,竹,竹材,林,林产,品,品采,集,集,2022/11/9,8,8,二、,投,投入,产,产出,分,分析,Input-OutputAnalysis,经济,是,是由,复,复杂,而,而相,互,互依,存,存的,部,部分,（,（农,业,业、,制,制造,业,业、,服,服务,业,业、,政,政府,、,、消,费,费者,、,、其,它,它国,家,家等,）,）组,成,成的,Theeconomyconsistsofcomplexandinterdependentsectors(Ag-Mfg-Service-Govt-Consumers-Othercountries),1、,投,投入,产,产出,分,分析,的,的概,念,念,投入,产,产出,分,分析,是,是一,种,种运,用,用会,计,计和,简,简单,的,的模,型,型来,表,表达,农,农业,、,、制,造,造业,、,、服,务,务业,、,、政,府,府、,消,消费,者,者、,其,其它,国,国家,等,等相,互,互依,存,存的,经,经济,关,关系,Input-outputanalysisisanaccountingandsimplemodelingtechniquetorepresenttheseeconomicinterdependencies,区域,投,投入,产,产出,分,分析,是,是在,区,区域,水,水平,上,上的,投,投入,产,产出,分,分析,Regionalinput-outputanalysisisIOanalysisdoneataregionallevel,2022/11/9,9,9,以GDP,作,作为,衡,衡量,经,经济,效,效果,和,和福,利,利的,问,问题,ProblemswithGDPasameasureofeconomicperformanceandwellbeing,包括,了,了防,御,御性,支,支出,Includesdefensiveexpenditures,E.g.FluepidemicorHurricanesorpollutioncontrolexpendituresorwaronterror,没扣,除,除自,然,然、,社,社会,或,或人,力,力资,本,本,DoesnotdeductdepreciationofNatural,Social,orHumancapitalonlymanmadecapitalisdepreciatedincalculatingNDP,Ores,fossilfuelstockreduction,Marineresourceloss,deforestation,airandwaterqualitychanges,Lossofinstitutions,skills,没,包,包,括,括,所,所,有,有,非,非,市,市,场,场,商,商,品,品,和,和,服,服,务,务,Excludesallnon-marketgoodsandservices,Environmental/Ecosystemservices,Homeservices,Leisure,第,二,二,节,节,经,经,济,济,增,增,长,长,与,与,人,人,类,类,福,福,利,利,EconomicGrowthandHumanWellbeing,一,、,、,贫,贫,富,富,二,、,、,贫,贫,富,富,差,差,异,异,的,的,原,原,因,因,三,、,、,推,推,动,动,经,经,济,济,增,增,长,长,的,的,因,因,素,素,四,、,、,经,经,济,济,增,增,长,长,的,的,愿,愿,景,景,五,、,、,衡,衡,量,量,福,福,利,利,的,的,非,非,经,经,济,济,指,指,标,标,六,、,、,需,需,要,要,与,与,欲,欲,望,望,一,、,、,贫,贫,富,富,Therichandthepoor,经,济,济,增,增,长,长,的,的,关,关,键,键,点,点,Keyideasoneconomicgrowth,一,个,个,时,时,期,期,内,内,的,的,生,生,产,产,力,力Productionwithinaperiod,howtomodel,跨,时,时,期,期,的,的,增,增,长,长,Growthacrossperiods,Bycapitalaccumulation,Bytechnologyraisingproductivity,二,、,、,贫,贫,富,富,差,差,异,异,的,的,原,原,因,因,Whyaresomecountriesrichandsomepoor?,1,、,、,自,自,然,然,资,资,源,源,和,和,条,条,件,件,差,差,异,异,Naturalresources&conditions,2,、,、,增,增,长,长,率,率,不,不,同,同,Growthrate,Whyhavesomegrownmorethanothers?,2022/11/9,13,WhyEconomicGrowthseemsdesirable:1.,人,人,均,均,寿,寿,命,命,与,与,人,人,均,均GDP,的,的,关,关,系,系,Longevity,andGDP/capita,2022/11/9,14,2.婴,幼,幼儿死,亡,亡率与,人,人均GDP的,关,关系Infantmortality andGDP/capita,2022/11/9,15,3.,成,成人,识,识字,率,率与,人,人均GDP的,关,关系LiteracyandGDP/capita,2022/11/9,16,4,、幸,福,福感,与,与人,均,均收,入,入,HappinessandIncomepercapita,2022/11/9,17,三、,经,经济,增,增长,的,的趋,动,动力,WhatDrivesEconomicGrowth?P146,一定,时,时期,内,内的,生,生产,函,函数,取,取决,于,于,资本,存,存量,和,和劳,动,动力,Withinaperiod