英语连词及其用法

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语连词,(1),2011-03-23,一、并列连词,1,、表示对等关系的并列连词。使用该类并列连词时必须保持结构对等，词性统一，在句子中要使用对等成分，不可失之偏颇。常用的该类连词有：,and,，,either,or,，,neither,nor,，,as well as,，,both,and,，,not only,but also,。如：,This is an old clock that is not only very handsome but also accurate,2,、表示选择关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有：,or,，,or else,，,otherwise,，,rather than,，,either,or,。如：,You should get the license right away,，,or youll have to pay a fine,3,、表示转折和对比关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有：,but,，,while,，,whereas,，,yet,，,however,，,nevertheless,，,on the other hand,，,on the contrary,。如：,She is a funny girl,，,yet you cant help liking her,4,、表示因果关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有：,so,，,for,，,therefore,，,hence,，,thus,，,consequently,，,accordingly,。如：,It was raining heavily,，,so the sports meeting was postponed,二、从属连词,1,、引导时间状语的从属连词。该类连词除一些常用的外，还包括：,as soon as,，,the moment,（一,就,），,the minute,，,the instant,，,once,，,immediately,（一,就,），,no sooner,than,（一,就,），,hardly,when,（刚,就,）。如：,He told me the news immediately he got it,2,、引导地点状语的从属连词。该类连词有两个：,where,和,wherever,。如：,Where there is a life,，,there is a hope,3,、引导条件状语的从属连词。该类连词除,if,，,unless,和,if only,（要是,就好了），还有：,provided,（,that,），,providing,（,that,），,supposing,（,that,），,suppose,，,in case,（,that,），,as long as,（只要），,on condition that,。如：,If only I had more money,，,I could buy some new clothes,4,、引导目的状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：,so that,，,that,，,in order that,，,lest,，,for fear that,，,in case,（,that,）。例如：,She worried for fear that the child would be hurt,5,、引导原因状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：,as,，,because,，,since,，,in that,，,now that,（既然），,seeing that,（鉴于）。例如：,Seeing that it is eight oclock,，,well wait no longer,6,、引导比较状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：,as,，,as,as,，,less,（,more,）,than,，,the more,the more,。例如：,The more we can do for you,，,the happier we will be,7,、引导方式状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：,as,，,as if,（好像），,as though,（好像）。例如：,Heat can flow from a hot body to a cooler body as if it were a fluid,8,、引导结果状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：,so,that,，,such,that,，,so,（,that,）。例如：,He is such an honest man that everyone would like to trust him,9,、引导让步状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：,though,，,although,，,even if,，,even though,，,while,，,as,，,whatever,，,however,，,whoever,，,no matter,（不管）。例如：,Hard as he tried,，,he failed to pass the exam,三、连接代词和连接副词,这类词用来引导名词性从句。,连接代词有：,that,，,which,，,what,，,who,，,whose,等；,连接副词有：,when,，,where,，,how,，,why,等。,四、关系代词和关系副词,这类词用来引导定语从句。关系代词包括：,who,，,that,，,which,，,as,，,whose,，,whom,等。关系副词包括：,when,，,where,，,why,，,how,等。,关系代词和关系副词起着三重作用：,其一，它们连接着主句和从句；,其二，它们代表着主句的一个先行词（,which,和,as,还可以代表主句中的一个词组或整个句子）；,其三，它们又在从句中充当成分。,特殊的连词,一,.,由动词转化成的连词,1.suppose,（如果，假使）引导条件状语从句。例如：,Suppose it rains,，,what shall we do,？如果天下雨，我们该怎么办？,2.save,（除了，只是）引导状语从句，表示伴随状况。例如：,A similar timetable has been used,，,save that the morning break is shorter.,已经采用了差不多相同的时间表，只是早上的休息时间缩短了。,二,.,由分词转化成的连词,1.,现在分词,由现在分词转化成的连词有,seeing,（考虑到,），,supposing,（假定），,providing,（如果,的话），,considering,（考虑到）等，可用来引导条件状语从句。例如：,（,1,）,He can stay here providing he works.,如果他工作的话，他可以留在这儿。,（,2,）,Supposing that youve made some progress,，,you should not be proud.,假定你有了一些进步，你也不应该骄傲自大。,（,3,）,Considering they are newcomers,，,theyve done very well.,考虑到他们是新来的，他们已经做得很好了。,2.,过去分词,由过去分词转化成的连词有,provided,（如果,的话；以,为条件），,granted,（假定；即使）等，可用来引导条件状语从句。例如：,（,1,）,You may go,，,provided your work is done.,如果你的工作做完了，你就可以走了。,（,2,）,Granted that he has enough money to buy the house,，,it doesnt mean hes going to do so.,即使他有足够的钱来买这栋房子，他也不一定会这么做。,三,.,由副词转化成的连词,directly,和,immediately,均表示“一,就，马上，立刻”的意思，可用来引导时间状语从句。例如：,（,1,）,Directly I had done it,，,I knew I had made a mistake.,我刚做完这件事，就知道出错了。,（,2,）,I came immediately Id eaten.,我一吃完就来了。,四,.,由名词转化成的连词,由名词转化过来的连词，前面一般都有定冠词。,1.the moment,，,the instant,，,the minute,这几个词组都表示“一,就，马上，立刻”的意思，可用来引导时间状语从句。例如：,（,1,）,I will meet you the instant you arrive.,你一到我就去见你。,（,2,）,The moment you leave,，,please tell me.,你一动身就请告诉我。,2.the first,（或,second,，,next,，,last,）,time,（或,moment,）表示“在某一次,的时候”，可用来引导时间状语从句。例如：,I liked her the first time I met her.,第一次见到她时我就喜欢上了她。,五,.,介词短语转化成的关联连词,常见的有,for fear that,（唯恐），,in case that,（假使），,in order that,（为了），,on condition that,（如果），,with the result that,（结果）等，可用来引导条件、目的或结果状语从句。例如：,（,1,）,He hurried home for fear that he might miss his guests.,他急忙赶回家，唯恐见不到他的客人。,（,2,）,In case Im late,，,start without me.,如果我来晚了，你们不必等我。,（,3,）,I was in the bath with the result that I didnt hear the telephone.,我正在浴室里洗澡，结果没有听见电话铃响。,（,4,）,They flew there in order that they might be in time to attend the opening ceremony.,为了能及时参加开幕典礼，他们乘飞机到了那里。,常用的英语连词,1),先后次序关系：,at this time;first;second;at last;next,；,previously;simultaneously;eventually,；,last but not least,；,to begin with,；,to start with,；,to end with,；,finally,；,seeing.,；,since then,；,first of all,；,afterwards;following this;preceding this.,2),因果关系：,because,；,because of this,；,being that,；,another important factor,reason of.,；,since,；,as,；,for,；,in that.,；,owing to,；,due to,；,for the reason that.,；,in view of,；,the reason seems to be obvious;there are about.,；,for this reason;as a result of this,；,therefore,；,.and so.,；,consequently,；,as a result,；,thus,；,hence,；,so,；,so that.,；,in consequence,；,a