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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2016/1/14,#,Stereotype,and,Prejudice,Group members:,Questions,：,1. What is stereotype?,2. In what ways do we form stereotypes ?,3. How many dimensions may stereotypes vary along?,4. What is prejudice?,5. What are the five common forms of prejudice which can be identified in terms of intensity ?,6. How did we learn stereotypes and prejudice?,7.How do stereotypes and prejudice affect the way we communicate in intercultural encounters?,8. How should we prevent stereotypes and prejudice from affecting our communication with people from other cultures?,1. What is,stereotype?,A stereotype is,a fixed notion,about persons in a certain category, with no distinctions made among individuals,. In other words, it is an,overgeneralized,and,oversimplified,belief we use to categorize a group of,people.,We have a tendency to make a claim that often goes beyond the facts, with no valid basis. Stereotypes may be based on the truth, but they are,exaggerated statements,regarding our belief about what a group of people are or should be.,2,. In what ways do we form,stereotypes ?,We,may categorize people or things by,the most obvious,characteristics,they possess.,(2) We may,apply a set of characteristics,to a whole group,of,people.,(3) We may give the same treatment to each member of the group.,3,. How many dimensions may stereotypes vary,along?,A. Direction,: refers to the positive/favorable,and,negative/unfavorable aspects of statements.,B. Intensity: indicates the strength of a belief about a group of,people,.,C. Accuracy: Some of them may be half-truths, and others,may,be partially inaccurate.,content,accuracy,intensity,direction,D. Content: Stereotypes may vary in their,specific content,for,example, in,the specific traits,attributed to a group of people.,4,. What is,prejudice?,Stereotypes naturally develop from a set of oversimplified beliefs,into a rigid attitude,toward a group of people. Such an attitude based,on erroneous beliefs or preconceptions,is called prejudice. Stereotypes and prejudice often occur together.,Therefore, prejudice,is a learned tendency,by which we respond to a given group of people or event in a consistent (usually negative) way. When cognitions( stereotypes) are assigned values ( prejudice), we may enact biased action.,However, beliefs( stereotypes) refer to the likelihood,（可能性）,that a group of people possesses certain characteristics, they contribute to the formation of attitude systems that directly affect the way we treat the group of people,.,5,. What are the five common forms of prejudice,which can be,identified in,terms,of intensity,?,1 Verbal,abuse,2physical,avoidance,(1) Verbal abuse is often accompanied by ethnic jokes and name-labeling.,(2,) Physical avoidance occurs when we dislike a group of people. Because of different religious beliefs, language systems, and behavioral patterns, we may intentionally avoid making friends, going out, studying, or working with,certain,5,. What are the five common forms of prejudice,which,can,be,identified in,terms,of intensity,?,3 discrimination,4 physical,attack,5,massacre,(,3) Discrimination refers to the denial of equal opportunities to out-group members. Discrimination often occurs in the areas of employment, residential housing, political rights, educational and recreational opportunities, and other social privileges.),(4) physical attack,：,As the degree of discrimination intensifies, physically punishing the group of people who are disliked becomes inevitable. Till Case(,蒂尔案）,(5) Finally, the worst result of prejudice is massacre.,6. How,did we learn stereotypes and prejudice,?,A. Children: parents and,friends.,B. Grow,up: schools, churches, friends, and significant others,;,C. Personal experiences (people: visible and distinct traits impairment,physical appearance,and skin color),As we mentioned above, stereotypes and prejudice do not suddenly appear when we are born. We gradually develop our stereotypes and prejudices through the process of learning and socialization.,D,. Mass media: television, radio, books, newspaper, magazines and films,“portray”/overgeneralized and oversimplified view/certain kinds of images,7.How do stereotypes and prejudice affect the way we communicate in intercultural encounters?,They,may prevent us from interacting with people of,different,backgrounds.,B.,They,tend to produce negative feeling during the interactions.,C.,They,can lead to unnecessary conflicts when they are intense.,8,. How should we prevent stereotypes and prejudice from,affecting,our communication with people from other,cultures?,To,solve the problems of stereotypes and prejudice, we suggest that,empathy,is the main communication skill we should learn,.,Thank,you,!,
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