动词的时态与语态

高考总复习,人教版,英语,第六讲,动词的时态与语态,时态的一般用法,考点透析,1,十种常用的动词时态句子结构,：,S,主语，,do,动词原形，,does,动词第三人称单数，,did,过去式，,doing=,现在分词，,done=,过去分词,。,1.,一般现在时,:,do/does,2.,一般过去时,:,did,3.,一般将来时,:,will do,7.,现在完成时,:,have/has done,5.,现在进行时,:,is,am are doing,6.,过去进行时,:,was,were doing,4.,过去将来时,:,would/should do,8.,过去完成时,:,had done,时态复习,9.,现在完成进行时,:,have been doing,10.,过去完成进行时,:,had been doing,一、一般现在时的用法,1,表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作。,常与,always,usually,often,sometimes,every day(week,month),等连用。,He plays football twice a week.,他每周踢两次足球。,I sometimes go to work on foot.,我有时步行去上班。,2,表示现在的事实或状态，特征。,Its cold today.,今天很冷。,You look tired now.,你现在看起来很疲乏。,She is a famous singer,.,她是个著名的歌唱家。,Tom likes swimming.,汤姆喜欢游泳。,二、一般过去时的用法,1,表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，,常与,表示过去时间的副词,如：,yesterday,last week,two hours ago,等连用。,My family moved here,five years ago.,我家五年前搬到了这里。,I was born,in 1973,.,我生于,1973,年。,2.,表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作,.,这时可,与频度副词,如：,often,usually,always,等连用。,He,always,worked into night those days.,那些日子他总是工作到深夜。,I,often,left on business in 1987.1,987,年我经常出差。,三,.,一般将来时（,will/shall,do,）,:,1.Will,、,shall,表示,没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的时候才决定做某事,e.g.,-You forget to close the door.,-Oh,Ill close it at once.,2.,be going to+,不定式，表示将来,。,主语的意图，即将做某事,。,e.g.,What are you going to do tomorrow?,明天打算作什么呢？,b.,计划，安排要发生的事,。,e.g.,The play is going to be produced next month,。这出戏下月开播。,c.,有迹象要发生的事。,e.g.,Look at the dark clouds;there is going to be a storm.,看那乌云，快要下雨了。,3.,be+to do,表将来，,按计划或安排将发生的事,;,命中注定的事,;,命令,。,e.g.,We are to discuss the report next Saturday.,我们下星期六讨论这份报告。,4.be about to+,不定式，,意为马上做某事,不能与,tomorrow,next week,等表示明确将来的时间状语连用,。,e.g.,He is about to leave for Beijing.,他马上要去北京。,5.be due to,与时间表,旅行计划等有关。,e.g.,The train is due to leave at 7:00.,四、过去将来时,概念：过去某时间来看将要发生的动作。常用于间接引语中,.,构成：主语,+would/should+V(,动词,),原形,He said he,would,go to Shanghai for the holiday.,He said he,was going to,cry.,We,were to,finish the job in three hours.,五、现在进行时的用法,（,1,）表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。常与,now,at present,at this,moment,等连用。,It is snowing now.,现在正在下雪。,2,）与,these days,this week/month,等连用，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。,He is studying hard these days.,这些天他学习很努力。,He is writing a book.,他在写一本书。,六、过去进行时,过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。,其形式为,was/were+V-ing,。常,与表示过去的具体的时间状语连用，如：,at this time,，,last night,last Saturday,等；或者与,when,while,as,引导的过去时间状语连用。,He fell asleep when he was reading.,他看书时睡着了。,We were watching TV,from seven to nine last night,.,昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。,What was he researching,all day last Sunday,?,上周日他一整天都在研究什么？,My brother fell,while,he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.,我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来，受伤了。,七、现在完成时的用法,（,1,）表示动作已经完成，但后果或影响仍在。常与,already,just,yet,等副词连用。,I have just read your letter.,我刚刚读完你的信。,(2,）表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。常与,for,或,since,引导的一段时间状语连用。,He has lived here for three years.,他在此住了两年了。,I have been here since 1976.,自从,1976,年我就一直在这里。,现在完成时的形式,have/has done,八、过去完成时,had done,表示,在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。,即,“过去的过去”。,可以用,by,before,等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。,By nine oclock last night,we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship.,到昨晚,9,点钟，我们已经收到,200,张飞船发来的图片。,九、现在完成进行时,表示,从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且,还将持续下去。,The Chinese have been making paper for 2000 years.,中国有,2000,年的造纸历史。,I have been learning English since three years ago.,自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。,注意问题,一般现在时注意：,1.,客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。,The earth moves around the sun.,Ill help you,as soon as,you have problem.,2.,在,时间状语从句或条件状语从句,中，,一,般现在时代替一般将来时,。,Tell Mark about it,if,you meet him.,3.,在时刻表中，用一般现在是表将来。,The plane takes off at nine.,4,过去将来时和过去完成时都是相对过去时间而存在的时态，在答题时，一定要仔细揣摩上下文的时间关系。,She,said,that she,would buy,a house for her father.,He,had been killed,before the police,came,.,过去,现在,killed,came,5,leave,，,go,，,arrive,，,take,，,fly,，,start,，,begin,，,come,等动词的现在式可,表计划安排好的将来,，它们的,进行时也可以表示将来动作,。,现在进行时表将来,He is arriving in China tomorrow.,=He will arrive in China tomorrow.,6,be going to,表早就安排好的将来，或表根据某种迹象判断要发生的事情。,will/shall,表,临时决定要做的动作,。,be to,表,按约定计划或按职责、义务将要发生的动作，强调主语的意志和决心。,be about to,表,马上就要发生的动作，不能与表示将来的确切时间状语连用。,What are you going to this evening?Im going to see a film with my friend.,Havent you known Mr.Wang is ill?Really,？,Then Ill go to see him instead.,How about seeing a film tomorrow?Sorry,，,I cant.I am to take the driving test.,7,如果句中有,so far,，,by now,，,in the last few years,，,till now,，,up to now,等表示时间的短语，谓语动词只能用现在完成时。,So far,I havent seen your parents.,8,句型,It,is,the first time.,、,This,is,the last time.,中,，从句的谓语要用,现在,完成时。,It,is,the first time I,have had,hamburger,it is delicious.,句型,It,was,the first time.,、,This,was,the last time.,中，从句的谓语要用,过去,完成时,。,It,was,the second time I,had seen,the film,its still very moving.,9,句中的状语是,by the end of,过去,时间,，动词用,过去完成时,。,By the end of,last year,we,had helped,a lot of people by donating.,句中的状语是,by the end of,将来,时间,，动词用,将来完成时,。,By the end of,the next century,China,will have become,a developed country.,1.,一般现在时,:,is,am,are done,2.,一般过去时,:,was,were done,3.,一般将来时,:,will be done,7.,现在完成时,:,have been done,5.,现在进行时,:,is,am,are being done,6.,过去进行时,:,was,were being done,4.,过去将来时,:,would/should/be going to+be done,8.,过去完成时,:,had been done,9.,含情态动词的,:,can/may/mus