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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,八、非谓语动词,1.(2009山东,22) We are invited to a party,in our club next Friday.,A.to be heldB.held,C.being heldD.holding,解析,party和hold之间是被动关系,由句中的时,间状语next Friday可知应用表示将来的不定式短,语to be held作后置定语。,A,2.(2009宁夏,35) Now that weve discussed our,problem,are people happy with the decisions,?,A.takingB.take,C.takenD.to take,解析,句意为:既然我们已经讨论了我们的问,题,人们对我们做的决定满意吗?decision和,take之间是被动关系,而A、B、D均表示主动,不,合题意。,C,3.(2009上海,31) A small plane crashed into a,hillside five miles east of the city,all,four people on board.,A.killedB.killing,C.killsD.to kill,解析,句中逗号后没有任何连词,因此不是并列,谓语,可排除A项;C项时态不对也可排除;现在,分词killing可作状语表示飞机坠毁的结果,而不,定式作结果状语时往往用only to do形式。,B,4.(2009天津,9),by the advances in,technology,many farmers have set up wind,farms on their land.,A.Being encouragedB.Encouraging,C.EncouragedD.Having encouraged,解析,encourage与主句主语many farmers之间为,逻辑上的动宾关系,因此应用被动形式,故排除B、,D两项;A项表示该动作正在进行;Encouraged by,the advances in technology为过去分词短语作,原因状语。,C,5.(2009江西,34) The government plans to,bring in new laws,parents to take more,responsibility for the education of their,children.,A.forcedB.forcing,C.to be forcedD.having forced,解析,force所表示的动作和其逻辑上的主语the,new laws之间是主动关系,故可排除A和C;又因为,force表示的动作和谓语动词plans是同时发生,的,所以用现在分词形式。,B,6.(2009四川,4) Ladies and gentlemen,please,remain,until the plane has come to a,complete stop.,A.seatedB.seating,C.to seatD.seat,解析,seat为及物动词,be seated表示坐着的状,态。句意为:女士们,先生们,请坐好直到飞机,完全停下。句中remain为系动词,后接seated作,表语。,A,7.(2009辽宁,22) When we visited my old,family home,memory came,back.,A.floodingB.to flood,C.floodD.flooded,解析,句意为:当我们回到老家时,往事涌上心,头。flood与memory之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系,,所以用现在分词作伴随状语。,A,8.(2009宁夏,30) The children all turned,the famous actress as she entered the,classroom.,A.looked atB.to look at,C.to looking atD.look at,解析,句意为:那位著名的女演员走进教室时,,孩子们都转过身来看她。句中to look at是动词不,定式表目的,故选B。,B,9.(2009上海,35) Bill suggested,a meeting,on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during,the vacation.,A.having heldB.to hold,C.holdingD.hold,解析,suggest后面要接动名词作宾语,A项是动名,词的完成式表示发生在谓语动词suggested之前的,一个动作,由句意可知不合题意,故排除,因此,选C。,C,10.(2009四川,10),many times,he finally,understood it.,A.ToldB.Telling,C.Having toldD.Having been told,解析,此处为非谓语动词作状语,与句子主语he,之间为被动关系,故可排除B、C两项。根据前后,句的逻辑关系,非谓语动词应用完成时态表示动,作发生在句子谓语动词understood之前。,D,11.(2009安徽,28) The play,next month,aims mainly to reflect the local culture.,A.produced,B.being produced,C.to be produced,D.having been produced,解析,句意为:下月将要完成的那个戏剧主要反,映当地的文化。play与produce之间为被动关系,,又因next month为将来的时间,而A项指过去已完,成的动作;B项指正在被完成的动作;而D项经常,作状语,也表示已经完成的动作,故均可排除。,C,12. (2009全国,16) They use computers to,keep the traffic,smoothly.,A.being runB.run,C.to runD.running,解析,句意为:他们用电脑使交通运转顺畅。,keep+宾语+宾补, 此处traffic与run之间为主,谓关系,故用现在分词作宾补。,D,13.(2009湖南,29) Nowadays people sometimes,separate their waste to make it easier for it,.,A.reusingB.reused,C.reusesD.to be reused,解析,句意为:现在人们有时将废品归类以便它,们更易于被重新利用。该句中第一个it是形式宾,语,空格处应为动词不定式表示将来的动作,又,因为use与waste构成逻辑上的动宾关系,所以,,此处用不定式的被动语态。,D,14.(2009浙江,7) There is a great deal of,evidence,that music activities engage,different parts of the brain.,A.indicateB.indicating,C.to indicateD.to be indicating,解析,此处为现在分词短语在句中作后置定语,,修饰evidence,二者之间为主谓关系。,B,15.(2009福建,32),not to miss the flight at 1520,the manager set out for the airport in,a hurry.,A.RemindingB.Reminded,C.To remindD.Having reminded,解析,分词作状语时,要根据其与句子的主语之,间的逻辑关系来确定用现在分词形式还是过去分,词形式。句子的主语the manager与remind之间是,被动关系,故用过去分词形式表示被动。,B,一、动词不定式,1. 动词不定式作主语,To become a good teacher was my hope.,我希望能成为一名好老师。,2. 动词不定式作表语,通常说明或解释主语的内容,也可表示将来的动作。,The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers.,邮递员的职责就是送信和报纸。,注意,“be+to do sth.”表示按计划或安排要做的事,或表示命令、要求或用来征求意见。,We are to meet at the school gate at six.,我们六点钟将在校门口见面。,3. 动词不定式作宾语,常用的动词有:agree,promise,afford,arrange,guarantee,attempt,hesitate,seek,tend,manage,consent,offer,undertake,demand,volunteer,determine,proceed等。,4. 不定式作宾补,(1)常这样用的动词有:advise,command,allow,encourage,instruct,intend,beg,expect,compel,forbid,like,mean,prefer,remind,urge,order,request,permit,teach,persuade等。,(2)在某些动词短语如vote for,call on,count on,rely on,depend on,long for,wait for 等后面,也可以跟不定式作补语。,5. 不定式作定语,(1)不定式用在the first,the second,the last,the only等短语后面作定语。,(2)不定式常放在某些名词和代词后面作定语。不定式作定语与被修饰的中心词之间常表现为主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系(如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,其后要加介词)。,Im not sure which restaurant to eat at.,我不确定要在哪家餐馆吃饭。,6. 不定式作状语,(1)原因状语。常跟不定式作原因状语的形容词有:happy,astonished,glad,amazed,surprised, overjoyed等。,(2)目的状语。so as to do或in order to do结构作目的状语。in order to既可放在句首也可放在句尾;so as to不能放在句首。,(3)结果状语。,too+adj./adv.+to do意为“太而不能”。, only/all too+adj./adv.+to do;too+adj./adv.,+not to do意为“非常”。,adj,./,adv,.,+enough+to do意为“足以”。,only(just)to do表示令人失望的,不愉快的结果。,so+ adj ./ adv.+as to do,such+ n .+as to do意为“如此以致于”。,有时也可用“介词+there+be”结构,不定式短语在句中作结果状语。,7. “连接词+不定式”的用法,连接词“what,how,when,where,whether等+动词不定式”结构可作主语、表语、宾语等。,What to do next remains undecided.,下一步要做什么还不确定。,注意,有时这一结构也可跟在介词后面。如:I have no idea of how to solve the problem.,我不知道该如何解决这个问题。,8. 不带to的不定式,(1)在feel,hear,listen to,let,make,have,see,watch,observe,notice等后面作宾补的不定式要省去to。help后面的不定式,可以带to也可以不带to。但是当变为被动语态时,不能省略to。,(2)不定式通常在介词but和except后面作宾语。在这一用法中,如介词前有实义动词do,介词后跟省去to的不定式;否则,要跟带to的不定式。,(3)当主句部分有实义动词do时,作表语的不定式来确切说明do的含义时可以省略to;如没有实义动词do,表语中的to不能省去。,What we can do is (to) continue waiting.,我们现在能做的就是继续等。,(4)在cannot but,cannot help but,cant choose but,had better,would (will,could) you please,may (might) as well,would rather,would sooner等习惯用法中跟不带to的不定式。,(5)在用and,rather than,or等连接两个不定式并且作用相同时,常省略第二个不定式符号to。,He always prefers to start early rather than leave everything to the last minute.,他总是喜欢早开始而不是把每件事情都留在最后做。,(6)在why和why not后常接不带to的不定式构成问句。,二、动名词,1. 动名词作主语,(1)动名词可直接放在句首作主语。,Seeing is believing.眼见为实。,(2)动名词在“It is no use/no good/fun/useless/a waste of time/a good pleasure/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile等”结构中作主语,it为形式主语。,2. 动名词作表语,动名词也可作表语,用来表示主语的内容。,My hobby is collecting stamps.我爱好集邮。,3. 动名词作宾语,常跟动词作宾语的动词及短语动词有:,admit,excuse,postpone,fancy,understand,practice,appreciate,finish,prevent,avoid,forbid,propose,consider,recollect,delay,imagine,deny,involve,permit,resist,risk,save,miss,suggest,enjoy,escape,put off,cant stand,cant help,feel like,look forward to,devote to,get used to,pay attention to,be worth,object to,keep on,set about等。,4. 动名词的时态,(1)一般式。动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。,By reviewing the old,you can learn something new.,温故而知新。,(2)完成式。如果强调动名词表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常用动名词的完成式形式。,Mary regrets having been idle when young. 玛丽很后悔年轻时虚度时光。,5. 动名词被动式,(1)根据句意的需要,也可用动名词的被动式,其形式为“being+过去分词”。,I cant remember having ever been given such a book.,我记不起有谁给了我这样一本书。,(2)在动词need,require,want,deserve后用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。其用法相当于不定式的被动结构。,The watch needs repairing.(=The watch needs to be repaired.)这块表该修了。,三、分词,分词有现在分词和过去分词,现在分词表示的意义是主动和进行;过去分词表示的意义是被动和完成。,1. 分词作表语,现在分词作表语常常表示主动关系或主语的某种特性,过去分词作表语表示被动关系或表示主语处于某种状态。通常情况下分词ing形式意为“令人的”,分词ed形式意为“感到”。,2. 分词作定语,(1)分词作定语既可放在所修饰的词之前,作前置定语;也可放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。,Where are the reserved seats?(=Where are the seats which have been reserved?)预订的座位在哪儿?,This is a pressing problem.(=This is a problem which is pressing.)这个问题很紧迫。,(2)有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语,并不表示被动的意思,而表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。,There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.,秋天有很多落叶。,常用的这一类词有:fallen,faded,returned,retired,risen,grown up等。,3. 分词作宾语补足语,常跟分词作宾补的动词有:,catch,have,get,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等。,4. 分词作状语,(1)分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句。,Hearing the knock on the door(=When they heard the knock on the door),they stopped talking.,听到敲门声,他们便停止了谈话。,(2)现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较。不管是现在分词还是过去分词单独作状语,其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可转换成一个相应的状语从句,如果状语分句中的谓语动词为被动结构,就用过去分词;如果状语分句中的谓语动词为主动结构,就用现在分词。,Working hard (If you work hard),you will succeed.,努力工作你就会成功。,Defeated(=Though he was defeated),he remained a popular boxer.,虽然被打败了,他仍然是一个很受欢迎的拳击手。,5. 分词的时态,(1)一般式。(2)完成式(只有现在分词有完成式),现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前,由“having+过去分词”构成。,Not having made adequate preparations,we postponed the sports meet.,由于没有充分的准备,我们将运动会延期举行。 6. 现在分词的被动式,由“being+过去分词”构成,表示某一被动动作正在进行,实际上是由现在进行时被动语态的定语从句变来的。,You will find the matter being talked about all over the town.(作宾补)你会发现全镇人都在谈论这件事。,7. 非谓语动词的用法比较,(1)动名词作宾语与不定式作宾语的比较,在动词start,begin,continue,cease等后面,通常情况下不定式和动名词作宾语区别不大。,在动词like,love,hate,prefer等后面,动名词表示抽象、习惯性的动作,不定式表示具体的、一次性的动作。,I prefer/like/love taking a walk after supper. 我喜欢在晚饭后散步。,但是,如果在like,love,prefer前有would,should时,其后只能跟不定式。,Id like to take part in the match.,我愿意参加这次比赛。,有些动词可接动名词或不定式,但意义不同。如:remember,forget,try,go on,regret,stop等。,(2)既可接动名词作宾语也可接不定式作宾补的某些动词的比较,有些动词,如advise,allow,consider,forbid,permit,recommend等。后面既可接动名词,也可接不定式,但其作用完全不同。接动名词作宾语,接不定式作宾补。,(3)动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的比较,动名词作表语表示主语的内容,现在分词作表语表示主语的特征或属性。,The only thing that interests him is dancing.(动名词表示内容)他唯一感兴趣的事就是跳舞。,The book is very interesting.(现在分词表示特征),这本书很有趣。,(4)作表语的现在分词和构成进行时态的现在分词的比较,作表语的现在分词表示主语所处的状态或特征,构成进行时态的现在分词表示主语正在进行的动作。,The present situation is encouraging.(分词作表语),现在的形势很鼓舞人。,The present situation is encouraging us to continue our experiment.(分词构成进行时),现在的形势激励着我们要继续进行实验。,(5)不定式与分词作定语的比较,不定式与分词都可作定语;不定式作定语表示将来的动作;现在分词作定语指正在进行的动作;过去分词作定语指过去的动作。,The question to be discussed is of great importance.,即将讨论的问题非常重要。,The question being discussed is of great importance.,正在讨论问题非常重要。,The question discussed is of great importance.,讨论过的那个问题非常重要。,四、独立主格结构,独立主格结构在句中主要用来作状语,可以表示原因、方式、时间、伴随等,with+复合宾语结构除了可以作状语外,还可以用来作定语。以下分五种情况分别介绍:,1. 名词/代词+动词不定式,Nobody to come the day after tomorrow,they will have to put off the meeting till next week.,如果后天没有人来,他们就把会议推迟到下周。(将来时间,表示计划),2. 名词/代词+现在分词,It being a fine day,we decided to go,swimming.,因为天气不错,我们决定去游泳。(表示原因) 3. 名词/代词+过去分词,The prisoner stood there,his hands raised.,那个囚犯站在那儿,双手高举。(表示伴随状况),4. 名词/代词+非动词(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语),I heard that she got injured in the accident,my heart full of worry.,我听说她在这场事故中受伤了,心中充满担忧。(形容词,伴随状语),5. “with+复合宾语”常见的七种形式,(1)with+名词(代词)+形容词,She used to sleep with the windows open.,她常常开着窗户睡觉。,(2)with+名词(代词)+副词,With Mr.Smith away,weve got more room.,史密斯先生走后,空间大多了。,(3)with+名词(代词)+介词短语,The man was walking on the street,with a book under his arm.那个人在街上走着,腋下夹着一本书。,(4)with+名词(代词)+动词不定式,With all the work to do,I dont know if Ill have time to go out.,有那么多工作要做,我不知道还有没有时间出去。,(5)with+名词(代词)+现在分词,In part of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.,在亚洲的一些国家里,你不能跷着腿坐着,把脚尖指向另外一个人。,(6)with+名词(代词)+过去分词,The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.,谋杀犯被带了进来,他的双手被反绑着。,(7)with+名词(代词)+名词,He left home,with his wife a hopeless soul.,他走了,妻子十分伤心。,done与being done的混用,by a greater demand for vegetables,farmers have built more green houses.,A.DrivenB.Being driven,C.To driveD.Having driven,考生很容易误选,B,项。“,Being driven,”是一个现在分词的被动式结构,在句中作状语时表示一个正在进行或与主句谓语同时进行的动作,与题目中的“.,have built,.”矛盾,故不可以选。动词,drive,(驱使)的逻辑主语为,farmers,它们之间是动宾关系,故该处应使用过去分词结构,它可以表示被动或完成的含义。,【解题探究】 A。为了使考生能更好地应对相关考题,现对done结构与being done结构归纳如下:(1)作主语时,应该使用being done结构,而done结构则不能在句中作主语。请参见下面的这道考题:,to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin. ,A.ExposedB.Having exposed,C.Being exposedD.After being exposed,分析题干可知,句子的谓语will do没有主语,而选项A、B和D均不能在句中作主语,它们可以在句中作状语,故均不可选。而选项C为动名词的被动式,用在句中正合适。,(2)作后置定语时,既可以使用done结构,又可以使用being done结构,但这二者有很大差别。done结构作后置定语时,表示被动或完成的含义,而being done结构作后置定语时,则表示“正在被”的含义。另外to be done结构作后置定语时表示“将被”。,(3)作状语时,being done结构几乎是不用的,而doing结构和having(been)done结构则是常用的,表示原因。done结构作状语时,常表示被动或完成的含义。请参见下面的考题:,that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.,A.Not realizedB.Not to realize,C.Not realizingD.Not to have realized,分析题干知,横线处应填上一个可以充当原因状语的结构,故选项C为本题的正确答案。,注意,现在分词的否定式是在其前加上not等否定词。,意义相近的结构易错点,Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,a record of $57.65 a barrel on April 4.,A.have reachedB.reaching,C.to reachD.to be breaking,考生很容易误选,C,项,认为,C,项中,to reach,为动词不定式结构在句中作结果状语。这可能是因为有很多考生没有完全掌握动词不定式结构与现在分词结构作结果状语时的差别。,【解题探究】 B。在英语中,带动词不定式符号to的动词不定式结构与现在分词结构都可以表示结果,但用法不同。动词不定式结构作结果状语时常,常表示出乎意料的或不愿看到的结果,而现在分词短语结构作结果状语时常常表示按照自然规律发展所产生的自然的或必然的结果。分析句意可知,逗号前后的这两部分之间存在着一种自然的或必然的结果关系,故选项B为本题的正确答案。,doing,done,to do作后置定语时的误用,Mr.Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one,.,A.BlamedB.blaming,C.to blameD.to be blamed,考生很容易误选,D,项。分析句子结构可知,本题是对动词不定式结构作后置定语用法的考查。,be to blame,为一个固定的结构,意为“对负有责任”。本题中的,to balme,可以看作是,who was to,blame,的省略形式。,to blame,是一个主动形式表示被动含义的结构。,【解题探究】 C。英语中的动词不定式作定语时有以下用法:,(1)如果句子的主语是该名词后置定语动词不定式所表示动作的施动者,那么作后置定语的动词不定式要用其主动形式。,I want something to eat.我想要些吃的东西。,(2)如果句子的主语不是该名词后置定语动词不定式所表示动作的施动者,那么作后置定语的动词不定式既可以用其主动形式,也可以用其被动形式,在语意上几乎没有什么区别。,The best thing to do/to be done is.要去做的最好的事情是,(3)作名词后置定语的动词不定式中的动词须为及物动词,若为不及物动词,须在该动词后加上一个适当的介词或副词。,I have no pen to write with.我没有写字用的笔了。,对“疑问词+动词不定式”结构认识不清,It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows,.,A.it what to do withB.what to do it with,C.what to do with itD.to do what with it,考生很容易误选,B,项。“疑问词+动词不定式”结构在句子中可以充当主语、(介词)宾语、表语等。短语,do with,意为“处理,应付”,这其中的动词,do,是一个及物动词,疑问代词,what,作其宾语,介词,with,后还需跟一个宾语(通常由一个名词或代词充当),故选项,C,为本题的正确答案。,【解题探究】 C。“疑问词+动词不定式”结构是一个常用结构。当该疑问词为疑问代词时,它的常用结构如下:(1)疑问代词+to+,vt,.(及物动词);(2)疑问代词+to+,vi,.(不及物动词) +,prep,.(介词)。当该疑问词为疑问副词时,它的常用结构如下:(1)疑问副词+to+,vt,.;(2)疑问副词+to+,vi,.,+宾语;(3)疑问副词+to+,vt,. + prep. +宾语。,逻辑主语的判断错误,In order to improve English,.,A. Jennys father bought her a lot of tapes,B.Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself,C.a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny,D.a lot of tapes were bought by Jennys father,考生很有可能误选,A,项或,D,项。其实,,in order to improve English,可以看成是,to improve English,的变形,根据语法知识可知,主句的主语为人,选项,C,和,D,可以首先被排除。再由句意可知,选项,B,为正确答案。,【解题探究】 B。动词不定式的逻辑主语为执行不定式to do这个动作的人或物。动词不定式的逻辑主语可以是句子的主语、宾语,有时还可以是介词for或of的宾语。,Jack is late again.It is typical of him to keep others waiting.,杰克又迟到了。他总是让别人等。,独立主格结构的判断错误,The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons,for the day.,A.FinishingB.finished,C.had finishedD.were finished,考生若不仔细分析句子结构,很容易误选,D,项。,【解题探究】 B。由于动词finish与their lessons之间为动宾关系,故选项A和C可以首先被排除。又由于逗号前后的两部分之间没有连接词,故横线处不可能填D项。B项是独立主格的一种用法,表示被动和完成,它可以转化为with their lessons finished for the day。也就是说,两个分句需要用一个连接词来连接,如果没有这个连接词,其中一个分句的谓语动词要改为非谓语动词结构或with复合结构。本题中,若在their lessons前面加连接词because,那么D项为答案。,(,2009,青岛一模 ),Carbon dioxide,from burning fuels is the most common of the so- called greenhouse gases.,A.Producing B.having been produced,C.to be produced D.produced,解析,考查非谓语动词。因为,carbon dioxide,和,produce,之间是动宾关系,所以用过去分词作后置,定语。,D,2.(2009济南二次统考)An offer of a reward,has caused many students in our school,actively in the competition. ,A.participateB.participated,C.participatingD.to participate,解析,句意为:比赛有奖,这使得我校很多学生,积极参加了比赛。cause sb. to do sth.为固定,用法。,D,3.(2009潍坊二次质检)Dinosaurs have,completely died out on the earth, never,again.,A.to be seenB.being seen,C.seenD.having been seen,解析,考查非谓语动词。此处不定式在句中作,结果状语。句意为:恐龙已经从地球上完全绝,迹,永远也见不到了。,A,4.(2009潍坊一次质检 ) May I have some,more coffee,please? ,Im sorry, but there doesnt seem to be,. A.left anyB.any left,C.leaving anyD.any leaving,解析,考查非谓语动词。left 是过去分词作后置,定语修饰 any。,B,5.(2009青岛二次质检) Hurry up, Mary!,Its time to go.,Im getting,.Have a little patience. A.dressB.dressing,C.to dressD.dressed,解析,考查非谓语动词。get dressed 是一个固,定词组,表示“穿衣服”。句意为:Mary, 快,点,我们该走了。稍等一下,我正在穿衣服,呢。,D,6.(2009日照二次调研),from endless,homework thanks to quality,education,students are now facing a new,puzzle,they should deal with their,free time.,A.Freed; howB.Freeing; how,C.Freed; whatD.To free; that, 答案,A,解析,动词free与主语students是动宾关系,故,用其过去分词;how 引导同位语从句,对puzzle,进行解释和说明,即他们应如何打发空闲时间。,7. (2009烟台二模 )The Chinese ship,Tianyu 8, was reported,off the east,coast of Kenya in November, 2008.,A.to be attacked,B.to have been attacked,C.to be attacking,D.to have been attacking,解析,考查不定式的用法和语态。根据题干内容,可知,这里说的是已经发生过的事情,由此可以,排除A、C两项;另外,船只是被攻击的,故应该,用不定式的完成式的被动语态,因此B项正确。,B,8.(2009济南模拟)If the building project,by the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be fined.,A.being completedB.is completed C.to be completedD.completed,解析,考查非谓语动词。根据后面的时间状语by,the end of this month 可知,这是还没有完成,的动作,因此正确答案是C。,C,9. (2009济南模拟),up a new,agreement, the secretary e-mailed it to the,customer for her review.,A.Once drawingB.In order to draw,C.Without drawingD.Having drawn,解析,考查非谓语动词。由后面的“the,secretary e-mailed it to the customer for,her review” 可知,draw up 的动作发生在e-,mail的动作之前,因此D项正确。,D,10.(2009徐州名校调研)He is rather,difficult to make friends with, but his,friendship,is more true than any,others., A.once gainedB.when to gain,C.after gainingD.while gaining,解析,这里“once gained”是once the,friendship is gained 的省略,由此可知,,the friendship 与gain 之间存在被动关系,,所以这里选A。,A,11.(2009淄博质检)With a report,about the accident, I have to find some,witnesses for help.,A.writeB.writing,C.writtenD.to write,解析,考查非谓语动词。with 后面的非谓语动,词有三种形式,过去分词常用来表示动作的完,成或被动,现在分词表示主动或进行,不定式,表示动作还没有发生。从“I have to find,some witnesses for help”可知关于这次事故,的报告还没有写,因此应该用to write。,D,12. (2009淄博质检)The two old sisters,so long,held each other and burst,into tears.,A.being separated,B.having separated,C.having been separated,D.had been separated,解析,考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,,本题应选用非谓语动词结构,故排除D项。非谓,语动词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语的关系为被,动,且发生在主句的谓语之前,故用完成式形,式,正确答案为C项。,C,13.(2009聊城一次质检)He stood in line,the whole morning to buy tickets for the,train, only,they had been sold out,when his turn finally came.,A.toldB.being told,C.tellingD.to be told,解析,考查非谓语动词。此处考查不定式短语作,结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果,tell 与逻辑,主语构成被动关系,意思是“被告知”,故用,被动形式,答案为D。,D,14.(2009天津六校联考)You have to be,careful,by the advertisements on the,Internet, just because something that is said,to be a bargain doesnt always mean its,cheap. ,A.not tricked,B.not to have been tricked,C.not to be tricked,D.being not tricked,解析,考查非谓语动词。be careful not to do,sth.用来警告对方,意为“当心,不要”,,从后面的介词短语by判断,此处是被动概念,,因此用不定式的被动语态。,C,15. (2009东北七校联考)The flowers,sweet,were soon sold out when,they were taken to the market.,A.being smelledB.smelled,C.smellingD.having smelled,解析,smell在本题中用作系动词,the,flowers与smell之间为主动关系,所以用现在,分词形式作定语,此处相当于定语从句which,smelled sweet。,C,16.(2008东北七校联考)It remains,whether the patient can survive the major,operation or not.,A.to observeB.to be observed,C.observingD.being observed,解析,考查非谓语动词。It remains to be,observed/seen.whether.意为“是否还,有待观察”。,B,17.(2008温州五校调研)The Internet gives,people the chance to have information they,need,to them quickly and cheaply. A.to deliverB.deliver,C.deliveringD.delivered,解析,考查非谓语动词。在本句中,they need,是定语从句,修饰information,这里是have,sth.done结构。,D,18. (2008温州五校调研)With his,homework,he was allowed to watch TV. A.finishedB.finishing,C.having finishedD.was finished,解析,考查with复合结构作状语。his,homework与finish之间为动宾关系,故选A。,A,19.(2008徐州一模)Its likely that he is the,only American hip-hop artist,in China. A.to have ever livedB.to live ever,C.having ever livedD.ever living,解析,考查不定式的用法。the only,the,first等+名词,用不定式作后置定语。又因为,选项中有ever一词,这说明句子要表达的是到,某一时刻为止的动作,因此用不定式的完成式。,故A项正确。,A,20.(2008徐州一模)Something as simple,as,your face with cold water may clear,your mind and reduce pressures.,A.to washB.washing,C.to have washedD.washed,解析,句意为:一些像用冷水洗脸这样简单的,事情可以使你头脑清醒,减少你的压力。根据句,子结构可知,选项中的不定式和,v,.-ing都,可以,不过本句中应用表示惯常动作
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