定语从句修订版

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,主从复合句,定义：包含两个或多个主谓结构，并且其中一个主谓结构充当主句，另一个或多个主谓结构为从句，充当该主句的主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，这样的句子叫做复合句。,分类：形容性从句：定语从句,名词性从句：主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,副词性从句：状语从句,The Attributive Clause,定语从句讲解,tribjutiv,定语从句考查点,限制性定语从句,只能用that，不用which,易混点 when where /that,介词+关系代词,as定语从句,非限制性从句,只能用which不用that,as 和which,定语从句复习,定语从句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause,限制性定语从句,The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause,非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句,I,一、定义：,在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句在从句中起定语作用.,The,man,who,lives next to us is a lawyer.,The man is a lawyer.,The man lives next to us.,被修饰的名词或代词叫,先行词,。,引导定语从句的关联词：,关系代词有who，whom，whose，which，that,关系副词 where，when，why等。,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。,关系代词,关系副词,起连词作用，本身又作从句中的主语、宾语、表语或定语,起连接作用，本身又在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语,who,(先行词是人，做主语/宾语),whom,(先行词是人，做宾语),whose,(人/物，做定语),which,(物，做主语/宾语),that,(人/物，做主语/宾语）,as,(象那样的，和相同，正如),when （,先行词是时间名词，做时间状语),where （,先行词是地点名词，做地点状语),why （,先行词是理由/原因，做原因状语),who / whom,This is the man,who helped me,.,这位是帮过我的那个人。,The Doctor,whom you are looking for,is in the room.,你找的那位大夫在屋里。,2.He is the boy,(who / whom),I like very much.,which,I live in a house,which was built ten years ago.,This is the book,（which）,you want,.,这就是你要的那本书。,这类从句只能指物，,which,在从句中作主语或作谓语动词或介词的宾语。,that,1.The woman that,spoke to me in the shop used to live next door.,2.There are some interesting TV plays,(that) Id like to see.,whose,The company will employ,a person,whose English,is good,.,(whose在从句中作定语),2.This is,the room,whose windows,were,broken in the storm.,When/,where/why,引导定语从句,I still remember the day,when,I came here. （时间状语）,This is the house,where,I lived last year.,（地点状语）,Tell me the reason,why you came late.,（原因状语）,关系副词when, where, why其含义相当于on which, in which, for which，所以可以交替使用。如：, The day,on which I met him first,was,May 1,st,., The year,in which I came here,was 2000., The reason,why he was late was that,he,got up late.,when,when,for which,以上是对连接定语从句的关系词作的分析，引导定语从句的,关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语语或定语，,作宾语时可省略,，,关系副词是做状语，有时间、地点和原因状语。,二. 定语从句注意以下几点,1. that 与which,2. 对where/ when和 that的考查,3.介词+关系词,4.对the way的考查,5. as的用法,1. 下列情况中一般只用that,当先行词为,all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing,等不定代词时，如：,a. All,that can be done,has been done.,b. I am sure she has something,(that) you can borrow.,c. There is little,(that) she can do,but wait., 先行词被,all, every, each, any, no, some, any, few, little, much,修饰时：,Ive read all the books,(that) you gave me,You can take any book,(that) you like.,先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,This is,the first,composition,(that) he has written in English.,Its,the best,movie,(that) I have ever seen.,先行词被,the only, the very, the last,修饰时,That white flower is,the only one (that) I really like.,This is the,very,book,(that) I want to find., 先行词是疑问词,who, which, what,时，定语从句用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。,Who is the person,that is standing at the gate?,Which of us,that knows something about physics,does not know this?,What,that is on the table,belongs to me?, 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时（,先行词既有人又有物时,）这个定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。如：,He talked about the teachers and school,that,he had visited., 当关系代词在从句中,作表语时,用that,Mary is no longer the girl,(that) she used to be.,Shenzhen is no longer the town,that it used to be.,8）主句是there be结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用that。如：,There is a book on the desk,that,belongs to Frank.,2. when/that; where/that 易混点,关系代词和关系副词在定从中的不同成分。,when/ where 在定语从句中做状语,that在定于从句中做主语或宾语,做题技巧：,看定语从句中的动词,关系代词和关系副词在定从中的不同成分。,a. This is the place,where,he,work,s. (不及物动词),This is the place,which (that),we,visit,ed last year. （及物动词）,b. That was the time,when,he,arrived,.,Do you still remember the days,that (which),we,spent,together?,c. This is the reason,why,he went there.,The reason,that (which),he,gave,us was quite reasonable.,I will never forget the day _ I met Mr. Li.,Ill never forget the day _ we spent together.,when,that,This is the house _ he lived last year.,This is the house _he visited last year.,where,that,1.Ill never forget the days_ we,worked,together.,2.Ill never forget the days _ we,spent,together.,3.I went to the place,I,worked,ten years ago.,4.I went to the place _ I,visited,ten years ago.,5.This is the reason _ he was late.,6.,This is the reason _ he,gave,.,when /in which,which,where/ in which,(which),why/ for which,that/which,几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,3.,“介词关系代词,(whom/which)”,用法,1. 介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配 (动词+介词；形容词+介词),Who is the girl,with whom,you just shook hands?,(shake hands with,是习惯性搭配,）,The person,to,whom,I complained is the manager. The person,(who / whom / that),I,complained,to,is the manager.,2. 考虑与先行词的搭配。,He built a telescope,through which,he could study the skies.,(through which 即through the telescope),介词+关系代词的情况,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.,The city that/which she lives,is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,注意1：介词+关系代词的情况,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.,The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,可见, who、that 不能用与介词之后,注意2：介词+关系代词的情况,Is this the watch that you are,looking for,?,The old man whom I am,looking after,is better .,He is a kind of man whom you can safely,depend on,.,当关系代词作“动词介词”固定短语的宾语时，此时固定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,结论,: 介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择,方法一是,看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配),再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断.,4. 对the way的考查,Way (方式，方法)做先行词时，关系代词后常用,in which,that,省略,引导定语从句，,Do you know the way (in which/that) he worked out the problem?,5. 由as引导的限制性定语从句,as在它引导的定语从句（限制性或非限制性）中可以充当主语，宾语和表语；,在这种用法中它经常和,such, so, the same,等词搭配使用；,且当先行词中有,such, so, the same,等词修饰时，关系代词通常必须用,as,搭配,the same. as+定语从句,“和同样的,such as+定语从句,Such/so.as +定语从句,“像之类”,1. “the same名词+as定语从句,这里先行词被same修饰时，这时是定语从句的关系代词要用as，as在从句中担任主、宾、表,eg:,I have the same dictionary as,you (have).,This is,the same,thing,as,we are,in need of,.,（介词的,宾语,）,2.The place doesnt look,the same as,it was before liberation.,这个地方看上一去和解放前大不一样了。,( as在定语从句中作,表语,，先行词是same),2. such+ as +定语从句,such,做先行词时，,用as来引导定语从句。此时，such为代词，意思为 “这样的人/物”，as在定语从句中做,宾语,。,eg: This book is not,such as,I hope.,（as在定语从句中做宾语）,3.,如果先行词被such, so 来修饰时，用as引导定语从句，做主语，宾语。,such +(a/an+形容词)+名词+as 定语从句 so +形容词+a/an+名词+as 定语从句,Here is so big a stone,as no man can lift. (宾语),This is such a book,as was given to me. (,主语),I never heard,such stories as,he tells.,(宾语),我从未听过他讲的这类故事。,( as在定语从句中作,宾语,，先行词是such stories), I have the same book,as you (have).,I have never seen such a lazy man,as you (are).,用于,the sameas, suchas,中，,as,引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。,注意(1),注意2：,This is,such,an interesting book _ we all like.,This is,so,interesting a book _ we all like.,This is,such,an interesting book _we all like,it,.,This is,so,interesting a book _we all like,it,.,as,that,Please complete the following sentences and compare:,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句),这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句),练习题,1.All_ is useful to us is good.,that,2.Is this factory _ we visited last week.,the one,3. She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.,which/that,4.This is the school _ my father studied 20 years ago.,where,5. This is the factory_ we visited last year.,that/which,6.The text is one of the most interesting stories_ have been learnt in the past three days.,that,Non-restrictive attributive,clause,非限制性定语从句,1. 限制性定语和非限制性从句的区别,2.只能用which，不用that,3. as 引导的非限制性定语,4. as 和which的区别,5. 数词/代词+ of +which/ whom,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句, 限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定的作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，,如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整，不明确或不合逻辑,。这种定语从句和主句之间,不能用逗号,隔开。,非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词作附加说明,，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。这种定语从句和主句之间,须用逗号,隔开。,翻译时要翻成两个分句。如：,Charlie Chaplin ,who died in 1977,was one of the worlds greatest actors,. （,查理卓别林,）,The man,who came here yesterday,has come again.,He lives in another town,which is only about an hours ride from here.,Soon they arrived at a farmhouse,in front of which sat a small boy.,They set up a separate state of their own,where they would be free to keep blacks as slaves.,注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.,限定性,restrictive,定语从句与非限定性,nonrestrictive,定语从句,限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，,主句和从句之间,不用逗号,隔开,非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.,一般,用逗号,把主句和从句分开,引导词：关系代词和关系副词，,有that,可以省略,（作,宾语,时一些关系代词）,引导词：who,whom,whose,which,of which,when,where等，,不用that,不能省略,1. 只能用which不能用that的情况,引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整,个句子时。如：,a. Bruce went toward the fire,which was still smoking.,b. He came late again,which made the boss angry.,先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置。如：,This is the house,in,which,Chaplin lived.,如果介词后置：,This is the house,which Chaplin lived in.,或是,This is the house,where Chaplin lived.,that,1) Do you have anything _ you dont understand?,2) The only thing _ we can do is to give you some advice.,3) Who is the man _ is standing there?,4) Her bag, in _ she put all her money, has been stolen.,5) She heard a terrible noise， _ brought her heart into her mouth.,that,that,that,which,which,考点1：that 与 which,2. as引导的非限制性定语从句,as可以代替整个句子或一件事，引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中,作主语、宾语或表语,。,从句位置可置于,主句之前,或,之后,，有时也可作为插入语置于,句中,，一般用,逗号和主句,隔开。,意为“正如，就像，据”；,He was late for school,as often happened.,(主语，主句后),He won the match, as we had expected,.,(宾语，主句后),As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.,(主语，句首),This experiment is very simple,as indeed it is,.,(表语，句后),实验非常简单，事实上也确实如此。,The earth,as we know, moves round the sun.,（宾语，句中）,注意：as用法常见于以下结构,as we can see, +主句,as we know,as can be seen,as often happens,as is（well） known,as has been said before,as was mentioned above, (正如上述所提到的),as was reported / expected,as is often the case, （,是常有的情形,）,as/indeed it is （的确是）,as may be imagined,注意：非限制性定语从句中的谓语为被动式时，常用as做主语,Grammar ,as,has been said before, is not a set of dead rules.,语法，就像以前所说，不是一套死规则。,As,is known to all , TaiWan is part of China .,3. as 和which的区别,关系代词as和which都能引导非限制性定语从句代表整个句子内容，,(,1) as引导的定语从句可位于,句首或句末,；which引导的定语从句只能位于,句末,，不能位于句首。,eg:,As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.,He was late for school,as often happened.,He failed to the exam,as (=which) is natural,.,(2) as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是,expect, know, see, think, want, suppose,等。,He won the match,as we had expected.,He agreed to the plan,as was to be expected.,The police were looking for him,as he thought.,4. 名词 / 代词 / 数词+ of + which / whom,some, most, any, none, both, all, neither, each, few,+of+关系代词(whom/which),往往出现在非限定性定语从句中,表示一种,所属关系,。,1.These people,the majority of whom,are farmers, disagreed with the plan.,2.The cake,half of which,was eaten, was bought for Lilys birthday.,3.The money,all of which,has been given to the Hope project, was collected in the performance.,4.The foreigners,most,of whom,have been,to China for the first time, come from,different countries.,5.I bought some books from the bookstore,five of which,were English novels.,6.In our factory there are 800 workers,40 percent of whom,are women.,5. I was given three books on cooking, the first,_,I really enjoyed.,A. of that B. of which C. that D. which,Fill in the blanks with “,which, that,who, whom, whose, when, where,”.,That tree, _ branches are almost bare,is very old.,whose,2. Mr. Smith will never forget the days _,_ he spent with his students.,which /,that,3. The girl _ we met in the street,is a movie star, _ played the leading,role in “Ghost”.,who / whom,who,1. The film brought the hours back to me,_ I was taken good care of in that,far-away village.,A. who B. that,C. when D. where,Choose the best answers,C,2. John said hed been working in the,office for an hour, _ was true.,A. he B. this,C. which D. who,C,3. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned,to the small town _ he grew up as a child.,A. which B. there,C. that D. where,D,4. York, _ I visited last year, is a nice city.,A. that B. which C. where D. in which,B,5. Those _ want to see the film please write,down your names here.,A. which B. what C. that D. who,D,8. His glasses, _ he was like a blind,man, were missing.,A. with which B. in which,C. without which D. on which,C,9. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?,A. which B. / C. that D. it,C,10. There is a mountain _ the top is,always covered with snow.,A. whose B. where,C. which D. that,B,(3 ) 在as所引导的非限制性定语从句中，如果运用的是被动语态结构，,be动词可以省略,；但which没有此用法，be动词不可省。,She married him, which was unexpected.,She married him, as（was） unexpected.,她嫁给了她，这一点大家都没有料到。,（作主语，代替前面的句子；用which时was不可省。）,