汉译英翻译常用技巧(一)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,汉英翻译的几种常用技巧 （一）,常用的翻译技巧,1.,增译,2.,减译（省译）,3.,重复,4.,转译,5.,语序（词序,/,句序）调整（倒置）,6.,拆句与合并,7.,正说反译,反说正译,8.,语态变换,1.,增译法,增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。,这种方式多半用在汉译英里。,汉语无主句,较多，而,英语,句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“,There be”,结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境,补出主语,，使句子完整。,英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要,增补物主代词,，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。,英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要,增补连词,。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。,另外，汉译英时还要注意,增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,，以确保译文意思完整。,总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。,I am looking forward to the holidays.,我们等待假日,的到来,。,Much of our morality is customary.,我们大部分的道德,观念,都有习惯性。,Reading,makes,a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.,读书,使人,充实，讨论,使人,机智，笔记,使人,精确。,Histories,make,men wise;poets witty;the mathematics subtle;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.,读史,使人,明智，读诗,使人,灵秀，数学,使人,周密，科学,使人,深刻，伦理,使人,庄重，逻辑修辞之学,使人,善辩。,没有调查研究就没有发言权。,He who,makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.,(No investigation,no right to speak.),2.,子曰,:“,学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。”,Confucius said:“,He who,learns without thinking is lost.,He who,thinks without learning remains puzzled.”,3.,虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。,Modesty helps one to go forward,whereas,conceit makes one lag behind.,4.,交出翻译之前,必须读几遍,看看有没有要修改的地方，这样你才能把工作做好。,Before handing in,your,translation,you,have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.Only thus can,you,do,your,work well.,5.,留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。,So long as,green hills remain,there will,never be a shortage of firewood.,6.,班门弄斧,Showing off ones proficiency with the axe,before Lu Ban,the master carpenter,.,7.,三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮。,Three cobblers(,英,kbl,美,kbl),with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang,the master mind,.,2.,减译法,增译法的反面,减译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来,因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意,或者在译文中是不言而喻的,;,减译法是删去一些可有可无的,或者有了反而累赘或违背译文习惯表达法的词,并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。,The,earth goes around,the,sun.,地球绕太阳转。,On,Sundays we have no school.,礼拜天我们不上学。,If,you write him,the response would be absolute silence and void.,你写信给他，总是石沉大海。,A wise man will not marry a woman,who,has attainments but no virtue.,聪明的人是不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的。,It isnt rum for a woman to want her old husband back,for respectability,though for a man to want his old wife back-well,perhaps it is funny,rather!,（一个）,女人为了体面,（的关系）,而要,（她的从）,前,（的那个丈）,夫回来,，,这并不,（是）,奇怪,（的事），,虽然,（一个）,男人要,（他从）,前,（的那个）,妻,（子）,回来，也许是很有趣的事。,我们要培养分析,问题,、解决,问题,的能力。,We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve,problems,.,2.,郭沫若同志曾说,:“,中国人历来是,勇于,探索、,勇于,创造、,勇于,革命的。”,Comrade Guo Moro once said:“The people of China have always,been courageous enough,to,probe into things,to,make inventions and,to,make revolution.”,3.,他们为国家做的事,比我们所,做的,多得多。,They have done much more for the state,than we have,.,3.,重复法,We have to analyze and solve,problems,.,我们要分析,问题,，解决,问题,。,Lets revise our safety and sanitary,regulations,.,我们来修改安全,规则,和卫生,规则,吧。,He had it all written out,neatly.,他把它写得,清清楚楚,。,lofty aspirations,雄心壮志,/,壮心不已,with each passing day,日新月异,hard evidence,真凭实据,help the poor and needy,扶贫帮困,1.,大,(,家庭,),有大,(,家庭,),的难处。,A large,family,has,its,difficulties,.,2.,这种人闹什么东西呢？闹名誉，闹地位，闹出风头。,What are they,after,?They are,after,name,after,position,and they want to cut smart figure.,根据有效句子的判断标准：,1,一致性,Unity,2,连贯性,Coherence,3,简练性,Conciseness,4,多样化,Variety,5,强调性,Emphasis,6,韵律性,Rhythm,重复可以使短文具有一致性，强调性，简练性，韵律性，同时起到平衡作用,4.,词类转换法,英译汉时词类转换的核心是根据需要将,具有动作性的名词转换为汉语的动词,，或者将可,表示概念的动词转换为汉语名词,。,汉译英时则反其道而行之。,For students of composition,an,awareness,that rhetorical patterns differ from one culture to another can help them become more quickly,proficient,in a writing pattern that is not native to them.,学习写作的人若能,意识,到各种文化在修辞模式上的差别，则有助于他们迅速,掌握,对他们来说是外在的写作模式。,Saud was a,frustrated,man at that time.,沙特那时已,受挫折,。,Traditionally,there had always been good relations between them.,他们之间一直有着,传统的,友好关系。,This experiment is a great,success,.,这次实验是极为,成功的,。,1.,一定要,少说空话，多做工作。,There must be,less empty talk,and,more hard work.,2.,徐悲鸿,画,马画得特别好。,Xu Beihongs,drawings(paintings),of horses are exceptionally good.,3.,我们学院,受,教委和市政府,的双重领导,。,Our institute is,co-administrate,d by the States Education Commission and the municipal government.(,名词转动词,),4.,由于我们,实行了,改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。,Thanks to the,introduction,of our reform and opening policy,our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved.(,动词转名词,),5.,林则徐认为,要,成功地禁止,鸦片买卖,就得首先,把鸦片,焚毁,。,Lin Zexu believed that,a,successful ban,of the trade in opium,must be preceded by,the,destruction,of the drug itself,.,Precede v.,（,written,）在,之前发生（或出现）；先于,be preceded by,Ive long believed that a hard landing in China would,be preceded by,a price collapse in copper and other industrial commodities.,我长久以来一直认为，铜和其他工业品的价格崩溃后，随之而来的就是中国经济的硬着陆。,课堂练习,1,、不努力，不会成功。,One,will not succeed,unless one,works hard.,2,、知己知彼，百战不殆,You,can fight a hundred battles without defeat,if you,know the enemy,as well as,yourself.,3,、凡是在科学技术上有,建树者,，都是工作最勤奋，并且勇于创新,的人,。,Those who,have made original contributions to science a