翻译技巧：拆分法

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,翻译技巧：拆分法,splitting,基本原则,把主句和从句拆分出来，把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。,翻译技巧：拆分法,splitting,1.,连词：如,and, or, but, yet, for,等并列连词连接着,并列句,；还有连接,状语从句,的连接词，如：,when, as, since, until, before, after, where, because, since, though, although, so that, .,等等；它们就成了理解英语句子的拆分点。,拆分点,翻译技巧：拆分法,splitting,2.,关系词,：如连接名词性从句的,who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever,等关系代词和,when, where, how, why,等关系副词；还有连接定语从句的关系代词，如,who, which, that, whom, whose,等等；它们也是理解英语句子的,拆分点。,拆分点,翻译技巧：拆分法,splitting,3.,介词：如,on, in, with, at, of, to,等介词常常引导介词短语作修饰语，所以它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。,4.,不定式符号,to,：不定式常常构成不定式短语做定语或者状语修饰语，所以也可以是拆分点。,拆分点,翻译技巧：拆分法,splitting,5.,分词：过去分词和现在分词可以构成分词短语作修饰语，所以可以是拆分点。,6.,标点符号：标点符号常常断开句子的主干和修饰部分，也是一个明显的拆分点。,拆分点,句子的主干是：,定语从句：,方式状语：,例,1 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and,dispassioned,manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.,（,35,词，,2003,年,62,题）,Sample,拆分后句子的总结构是,(,主干,),：,Social science is that branch of,intellectual enquiry,知识探索,主句定语从句,which seeks to study humans and their endeavors,行为,方式状语,in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and,dispassioned,manner,以理性的，有序的，系统的和冷静的方式,定语从句,that,natural scientists use,for the study of natural phenomena.,Sample,用来研究自然现象,1,）,Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry,主干，,2,）,which seeks to study humans and their endeavors,定语从句比较复杂，可以放在所修饰的先行词后面,.,3,）,in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and,dispassioned,manner,4,）,that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.,社会科学是知识探索的一个分支,“它试图研究人类及其行为”；,方式状语，如果照原来顺序放在动词后面不是太通顺，可以放到动词“试图”后面翻译成“,它试图以一种。的方式来研究人类及其行为”,；,定语从句直接放到所修饰的词“方式”前面，“,自然科学家用来研究自然想象那样同样的方式,”；,Sample,社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它试图象自然科学家用来研究自然现象那样，以理性的，有序的，系统的和冷静的方式来研究人类及其行为。,例,1 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors,in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and,dispassioned,manner,that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.,（,35,词，,2003,年,62,题）,Sample,翻译技巧：拆分法,splitting,翻译做题原则,结构看虚词，动词再定位,首先需要寻找一句话中的虚词概念，将其在虚词引导的从句处切开，然后在寻找完整的“主谓宾”核心动词句。,Summary,2007-47,On the other, it,link,s these concepts,to,everyday realities,in a manner,/which,is,parallel,to,the links journalists forge on a daily basis /as they cover and comment on the news.,虚词：,which,，,as,动词句,1,：,it links these concepts to everyday realities,它将这些概念和日常现象联系起来,动词句,2,：,which is parallel to the links,它和一些联系相似,动词句,3,：,journalists forge on a daily basis /,记者基于日常基础上形成,动词句,4,：,they cover and comment on the news.,他们对新闻进行报道和评论。,在一定程度上,翻译技巧：词类转译,conversion,名词转译成动词,1,由动词派生的名词转译成动词。,Rockets have found,application,for the,exploration,of the universe.,火箭已经用来探索宇宙。,2,含有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成动词。,A careful,study,of the original text will give you a better,translation,.,仔细研究原文，你会翻译得更好。,名词转译成动词,3.,有些加后缀,-,er,的名词，,He is a good,singer,.,他唱歌唱得好。,4,有些短语中作为中心主体词的名词往往可转译成动词，如,To have a rest,和,To have a good look at,里的,rest,和,look.,You must be tired. Why dont you take a,rest,?,你一定很累了，为什么不休息一会呢？,形容词转译成动词,I am,anxious,about his health.,我担心他的身体健康。,Scientists are,confident,that all matter is indestructible.,科学家们都深信，所有的物质都是不灭的。,副词转译成动词,She opened the window to let fresh air,in,.,她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。,After careful investigation they found the design,behind,.,经过仔细研究之后，他们发现这个设计落后了。,转译成名词,英语中很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词，这时可将其转译成汉语名词。,1,名词派生的动词,This kind of behavior,characterizes,the criminal mind.,这种举止是罪犯的心理特征。,To them, he,personified,the absolute power.,在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。,人格化，拟人化,转译成名词,2,名词转用的动词,Our age is,witnessing,a profound political change.,我们的时代是深刻政治变革的见证。,转译成名词,有些英语被动式句子中的动词，可以译成“受（遭）到,+,名词”、“予（加）以,+,名词”这类结构。,He was,treated,very shabbily by the press during this period.,在这期间，他受到了新闻界极不公正的对待。,I was,encouraged,by our president.,我得到了校长的鼓励。,转译成名词,形容词转译成名词,1,英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类的人，汉译时常译成名词。,They did their best to help,the sick and the wounded,.,他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。,2,有时候根据情况，可以灵活处理，把有些形容词转换成名词来翻译。,He was,eloquent,and,elegant,but,soft,.,他有口才、有风度，但性格软弱。,转译成形容词,形容词派生的名词往往可以转译成形容词。,This issue is of vital,importance,.,这个问题至关重要。,The,pallor,of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.,她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。,Independent thinking is an absolute,necessity,in study.,独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。,形容词与副词的互相转译,1,由于英语中的名词在翻译的时候可以转换成汉语动词，所以修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。,We must make,full use,of exiting technical equipment.,我们必须充分利用现有的技术设备。,This is,sheer nonsense,.,这完全是胡说。,形容词与副词的互相转译,2,由于英语中的动词在翻译的时候可以转换成汉语名词，所以修饰该动词的副词往往转译成形容词。,This film,impressed,him deeply.,这部电影给了他深刻的印象。,名词与副词的互相转译,1,名词转译成副词,The new mayor earned some appreciation by,the courtesy,of coming to visit the city poor.,新市长,有礼貌地,前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。,2,副词转译成名词,It is,officially,announced that China has successfully launched her first manned spaceship.,官方宣布，中国已经成功地实现了载人航天。,Translating practice,He was,motivated,by,a desire,to reach a compromise.,他的动机是希望达成某种妥协。,Americans have,a craze,for the sun,a belief,that the sun will cure chronic illness and that where there is sunshine, there will be a job.,美国人狂热地喜欢太阳，相信太阳能治疗慢性病，有太阳的地方就有工作。,The new contract would be,good,for 5 years.,新的合同有效期为五年。,Assignments,1. Review Unit 5 and finish all exercises in textbook and extended course;,2. Prepare Passage A in Unit 3 Book 2,3. Group work: show the famous tourist sites you like,Practice translating all passages youve learned this semester.,Unit 1,Ex. 8Translate the following sentences into English.,1.,这场给人类带来巨大灾难的战争对这样一个诗人产生了什么影响呢？（,impact on,）,brought terrible disasters to mankind,impact on such a poet,How did the war, which brought terrible disasters to mankind, impact on such a poet?,2.,做母亲的有时候不能察觉她们所宠爱的孩子们的过错，这样做的结果会使孩子们再次犯同样的过错。（,be blind to,）,blind to the faults,their beloved children,Mothers are sometimes blind to the faults of their beloved children, which will cause the children to make the same mistake again.,make the same mistake again,Ex. 8Translate the following sentences into English.,3.,作为一个新移民,(immigrant),，,在这个完全陌生的国度里，她总是感觉到孤立无援。,(,isolate),in this completely strange country,feel isolated,As a new immigrant in this completely strange country, she always felt isolated.,Ex. 8Translate the following sentences into English.,4.,做事不先考虑周全常会导致失败，因此我们应该三思而后行。,(,result in, act before thinking,),acting before thinking,result in failure,Acting before thinking often results in failure, so we should think before we leap.,Ex. 8Translate the following sentences into English.,5.,奢谈的时候已经过去了，我们必须积极行动起来保护我们的环境。,(take . action),the time for talking,take a positive action to protect our environment,The time for talking is past; we must take a positive action to protect our environment.,Ex. 8Translate the following sentences into English.,Unit 2,1.,记者敦促发言人就此次军事打击作出解释。,press the spokesman for,military attack,Reporters pressed the spokesman for an explanation of the military attack.,Experiencing English III,Unit 2,Revision,2.,他的竞选演讲未能使选民相信他就是总统的合适人选。,election speech,fail to convince the voters,His election speech failed to convince the voters that he was the right person for the President.,Experiencing English III,Unit 2,Revision,3.,尽管我承认有问题存在，但我并不认为这些问题不能解决。,admit,I dont agree that,While I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.,Experiencing English III,Unit 2,Revision,4.,他在电视上的第一次辩论给听众留下了深刻的印象。,debate,Make a deep impression,His first debate on TV make a deep impression on his audience.,Experiencing English III,Unit 2,Revision,5.,一切事物都是相互关联又相互作用的。,interrelated,interact,All things are interrelated and interact with each other.,Experiencing English III,Unit 2,Revision,Unit 3,Ex. 8,Translate the following sentences into English.,1.,思想是通过语言来表达的。,(by means of),by means of language,express,Thoughts are expressed by means of language.,Ex. 8,Translate the following sentences into English.,2.,我今年买的新书多得难以数清。,(to keep count of),difficult to keep count of ,I have bought so many new books this year that its really difficult for me to keep count of them.,3.,这位老太太确信，今天她儿子会回家来为她庆祝生日的。,(to feel assured),Ex. 8,Translate the following sentences into English.,The old lady feels assured that ,celebrate her birthday,The old lady feels assured that her son will come back home today to celebrate her birthday.,Ex. 8,Translate the following sentences into English.,His mother insisted that his pocket money should not exceed 100,yuan,per month.,4.,他妈妈坚持说他每月的零用钱不能超过,100,元。,(to exceed),insist,pocket money,exceed 100,yuan,Ex. 8,Translate the following sentences into English.,registered under my name,We bought a car last month, which was registered under my name.,5.,上个月我们买了一辆车，是用我的名字登记的。,(to register),Unit 4,Ex. 6,Translate the following sentences into English.,1.,这支乐队二十世纪八十年代凭借那张专集一举成名。,(to shot to fame),in the 1980s,shot to fame with that single album,The band shot to fame in the 1980s with that single album.,Ex. 6,Translate the following sentences into English.,2.,冒一下险吧，你可能还是会输，但赢的机会增加了。,(to take a risk),Take a risk, and you may lose again, but you have improved your chances to win.,take a risk,improve your chances to win,Ex. 6,Translate the following sentences into English.,push themselves to the limits,the cure of AIDS,Scientists are pushing themselves to the limits in their researches for the cure of AIDS.,3.,科学家正极力研究治愈爱滋病,(AIDS),的良方。,(to push . to the limits),Ex. 6,Translate the following sentences into English.,4.,现在我们知道了网络的意义：鼠标一点就能知晓天下大事。,(point),see the point of the Internet,click the mouse,information from all over the world,Now we could see the point of the Internet: we can get information from all over the world just by clicking the mouse.,Ex. 6,Translate the following sentences into English.,5.,一些人认为政府迟早会将克隆人类的研究纳入规范。,(to regulate / sooner or later),Some people believe the government will regulate the research of human cloning sooner or later.,sooner or later,regulate the research of human cloning,Unit 5,Ex. 15Translate the following sentences into English.,1.,他饮酒过量，对身体不好。,(more than ),drink more wine than,(more than) good for health,He drinks more wine than is good for his health.,Ex. 15Translate the following sentences into English.,2.,他知道这时父母亲都在急切地等着他回家过年,。,(wait for to ),eagerly,return home for the New Year,He knew that at this moment his parents were eagerly waiting for him to return home for the New Year.,Ex. 15Translate the following sentences into English.,3.,他的聪明和幽默都招我们喜欢。,(appeal to),intelligence, sense of humor,not only but also,What appeals to us is not only his intelligence but also his sense of humor.,Ex. 15Translate the following sentences into English.,4.,这位国际知名导演拍摄的最新影片是一次完全的失败。,(turn out),internationally famous director,the latest movie,The latest movie made by that internationally famous director turned out to be a total failure.,Ex. 15Translate the following sentences into English.,5.,有些年轻人似乎对一切事情都缺乏耐心。,(have patience with),it seems (that),It seems that some youngsters dont have patience with anything.,Unit 6,1.,他悲叹一声，对我们说他年轻时也曾风光一时。（,with a sigh / have seen a better day,）,breathed/heaved a sigh of sorrow,He breathed/heaved a sigh of sorrow and told us that he had seen a better day when he was young.,Ex. 8Translate the following sentences into English.,Ex. 8Translate the following sentences into English.,2.,他有极强的责任感，这就是为什么他被选中掌管这个项目。（,take control of,）,strong sense of responsibility,be chosen,He has a strong sense of responsibility, and thats why he is chosen to take control of the project.,3.,不管你去哪里，不管是出差还是去玩，尽量多了解那个地方总是一个不错的主意。（,be it or ,）,wherever you go,be it for business or pleasure,Wherever you go, be it for business or pleasure, it is always a good idea to find out as much as you can about the place.,find out as much as you can,Ex. 8Translate the following sentences into English.,4.,我们得小心一点，同样的情景可能就要出现。（,be about / repeat,）,the situation repeat itself,be about to,Lets be careful. The situation may be about to repeat itself.,Ex. 8Translate the following sentences into English.,5.,事实上，室内空气质量与儿童的健康密切相关，当然与成人的健康也有关。（,for that matter,）,has a great deal to do with,and adults health for that matter,In fact, indoor air quality has a great deal to do with childrens health, and adults health for that matter.,Ex. 8Translate the following sentences into English.,Unit 7,Ex. 8Translate the following sentences into English.,1.,许多人认为安眠药有助于睡眠，而我只能暗自感叹：,“,要是他们知情就好了,。,”,（,all I can think / ifonly,）,if they only knew,A lot of people believe that sleeping pills help them sleep. All I can think is, “if they only knew.”,Ex.8 Translate from Chinese into English.,2.,他一直在琢磨这个问题，直到把它完全解决为止。,（,to chip away at,）,He kept chipping away at the problem until he had completely,solved.,chip away at the problem,3.,这位乡下孩子接触到了城里的种种奇怪的事物。他感到十分惊讶，仿佛自己进入了未来世界一般。（,be exposed to / as if,）,many strange things in the city,feel greatly shocked,The country boy was exposed to many strange things in the city. He felt greatly shocked as if he had entered a future world.,Ex.8 Translate from Chinese into English.,4.,大学毕业才一年，他就从一个追求梦想的青年变成了一个凡事都无所谓的庸人。,（,go from to / pursue,）,a,student who pursued his dream,a person who didnt care about a thing,Within only one year after graduation from college, he went from a student who pursued his dream to a person who didnt care about a thing.,Ex.8 Translate from Chinese into English.,5.,我已经获准进入那个地区进行采访，这可不是人人都能得到的机会,。（,be given permission,）,do the interview,something that everyone gets,I,have been given permission to do the interview in that area, and thats not something that everyone gets.,Ex.8 Translate from Chinese into English.,