动词不定式的基本用法归纳

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,动词不定式的基本用法归纳,一、动词不定时的形式,肯定式：to do sth,否定式：not to do sth.,被动式：to be done,完成式：to have done,1.作主语,A.动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：,(1),To see,is to believe.,(,2),To master English,gives us much help in the study of sience.,B.不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，构成“It is+形容词(+for sb.)不定式”结构。,It is impossible for him,to give up smoking.,二、动词不定式的用法,2.作宾语,A动词后直接不定式作宾语的动词有许多，如want,decide,intend,fail,wish,export,pretend,choose等等。,I mean,to go there at once.,B.不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式宾语。句型为“主语+find(feel,think,believe,consider,etc)+it+形容词/名词+to do sth”。,I think it necessary,to report the thing to the teacher.,I find it interesting,to work with him.,C动词不定式还可以用作介词宾语，但仅限于介词except和but（除了）。,常用句型有：,There is nothing to do but+,动词原形,do nothing but+,动词（除做,.,之外别无选择）,can but+,动词原形（只能原形,(“,只有做,),have no choice but to do,，只得）,cannot help/choose but+,动词原形,(,不能不,）,3作表语和宾语不足语,动词不定式作表语，一是主语有不定式充当；二是主语由抽象名词充当。,To teach is,to learn.,My job is,to help the patient,.,【注意】如果在主语中（通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中）又实意动词do时，作表语的动词不定式省略to。,All I want to do now(What I want to do now)is,fill my stomach,.,4作宾语补足语,【注意】在感官动词（see,hear,feel,listen to,notice,watch,observe等）和使役动词（let,have，make）后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但这类句子变成被动语态时，必须带to。,I saw him,play in the park.,He was seen,to play in the park.,The boss made those men,work day and night,.,Those men were made,to work day and night.,5.定语,1、不定式与被修饰的名词往往构成逻辑上的关系。如名词为不定式的逻辑主语，构成主谓关系；若名词为逻辑宾语，则构成动宾关系；,He is not a man,to tell lies,.,There will not be enough space,to stand in on the earth,2、作定语的不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，不定式动词又是不及物动词时，应在该动词上加上一个介词，如;,He has a nice pen,to write with.,He is looking for a room,to live in,.,He is said the best way,to travel by is on foot.,6.作状语,不定式作状语时，可表示目的，原因，结果或条件。如;,Im very glad,to hear the news.,（原因),不定式作目的状语时，常可与,to,to,order to,so as to 连用。,He got up early,so as not to be late,.,不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。,The question is difficult,to answer,.,。,有些不定式短语可以做独立成份，通常放在句首，有时置于句中或句未，须用逗号的开。,不定式作结果状语常用如下句型,Too+形容词/副词+to do sth,名词/形容词/副词+enough+to do sth,enough+名词+to do sth,such+（形容词）名词+as to do sth,so+形容词/副词+as to do sth,【注意】不定式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致。,