初中英语短文填空答题指导

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,短文填空,答题指导,&,训练,By Ms Wu Yingfen,一、短文填空题型说明,短文填空也叫,综合填空,，其特点是将一篇短文中的,若干个词抽出,后，要求考生根据,短文的意思,，在每个空格中填上,一个词,，使短文,意思完整正确,。它是测试学生的,理解能力,及对,词汇、语法,和,习惯用法,等掌握情况的一种形式。,短文填空是中考试题里一个,比较难,的项目，究其原因有以下：,1,、,考点不明确,：凡涉及到英文的,理解、词汇、语法,和,习惯用法,的都可以考。,2,、,内容包罗万象,：天文地理、历史人文、科技发展、旅游广告等有可能考到。,短文填空要求学生在,读通、读懂,的基础上，填出,符合短文内容,和,语法规则,的,词或词组,。凡是,课文中学到的词汇,和,语法,都是考试的范围，各种,介词、副词,和,习惯用法,也会经常考到。尤其对于,长句子,，特别要注意其,结构,，要精确地,分析句子成分,。在做短文填空时，要养成,快速阅读全文,的习惯。句子读得,越快越长,，理解的,精度就越高,。,二、短文填空解题思路,1,、,跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。,解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。,2,、,复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。,把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。,3,、,三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。,在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上、下文内容是否,协调一致,、,顺理成章,，,语法结构,是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。,三、做短文填空题的注意之处,1,、,语义完整、适用,是做好填词的前提，要从全文的内容出发，前后上下联系起来考虑，避免“只见树木，不见森林”的错误。,2,、,要善于从文中,同样结构或类似结构,中寻找线索，从中得到提示和启发，帮助确定应填词的,词性和词形,，这样可避免想当然地随意乱填。,3,、,填词时应注意,词形,，不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是,名词,，要考虑其单,复数形式,；若填的是,形容词或副词,，则要考虑其是否属于,比较等级,；如若填的是,动词,，则要特别注意考虑其,时态和语态,。如在,句首,，还要考虑其首字母的,大写,。,4,、,有些空格需要填入,介词、连词,等，除考虑上下文的内容外，还要考虑和其他词的,固定搭配及其习惯用法,。,Exercise One,A barber(,理发师,)was working when a man came in with a boy after him.The barber was asked to give him a shave(,刮脸,)and the,1_,a haircut(,理发,).,2_,the man had his shave,he,3_,the barber that he would like to go down the street for a drink when the barber cut the boys,4_,.The man also promised that he would be back,5_,.,It,6_,the barber long to give the boy a haircut.Another half an hour,7_,and the boy was still waiting.In the end,the barber asked the boy,8_,his father was away so long.,The boy told the barber that the man was not his,9_,at all.He said he met him in the street and was asked if he would like to have a haircut.He,10_,and followed the man here for a haircut.,hair,soon,passed,why,father,agreed,After,told,boy,took,Exercise Two,Every day some people are killed while they are crossing the road.Most of them are old people and,1_.,Old people are often killed,2_,they cant see or hear very well.Children are often killed because they are not,3_,enough.They forget to look and listen before they,4_,the road.,A car or a bus cant stop quickly.If it is going very,5_,it will travel many metres,6_,it stops.Some people dont always understand this.They,7_,a car can stop in a few metres.It is difficult to,8_,how fast a car is moving.The only way to cross the roads safely is to look,9_,ways,right and left.Then if the roads are empty,you,10_,cross.,because,children,fast,think,careful,cross,before,know,both,can,Exercise Three,Many years ago,an English family lived in China.One evening,an important Chinese officer came to,1_,them.It got later and later,and he,2_,didnt go,the hostess had to invite him to have,3_,with them.But she had very little,4_,in the house,so she went to the kitchen and spoke to her Chinese cook.The cook said,“It is all right.You will have a very good dinner.”,After they all sat down to eat,the lady was very,5_,because there was lots of good food on the,6_,.,After the officer,7_,the hostess ran to the kitchen and asked the cook,“,8_,did you make such a good meal in half an hour?”,“I,9_,make it,madam,”he said,“I asked one of the servants(,仆人,)to go to the Chinese officers house,and he,10_,back the Chinese officers dinner.”,visit,left,How,didnt,brought,still,dinner,food,surprised,table,Exercise Four,Light travels at a speed(,速度,)of 300,000 kilometers in a second.Its about a million times,1_,than that of sound,for sound travels only 340,2_,in a second.You can understand this big difference,3_,watching the start of a running match.If you stand far away,4_,the starter(,发令员,),you can,5_,the smoke coming from his gun before the sound reaches your,6_,.The fast speed of light produces some strange facts.The nearest star is so far away from the earth that the light from it,7_,four years to reach us.The light from some other stars began to travel to the earth even before you were born.So,if you want to be honest(,诚实,),you,8_,say,“The stars are shining brightly tonight.”You have to say,“The stars look nice.They were shining many years,9_,but their light has just,10_,our planet.,faster,meters,by,ears,from,see,reached,cant,ago,takes,Exercise Five,Mr Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town.People usually,1_,new umbrellas here,and sometimes they brought him,2_,broken umbrellas.Then Mr Brown took them to mend in a big shop in London.,One day,Mr Brown went to London by train.He,3_,to take an umbrella with him that day.An old man was sitting next to him with an umbrella standing by the seat.When the train arrived in London,Mr.Brown,4_,up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train.Just as he was getting,5_,the old man,6_,him and said angrily,“Thats my umbrella,not yours!”Mr.Browns face,7_,red and he gave the umbrella back to the man at once.When Mr Brown got to the big shop,the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready.After a good look at each of them