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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,补充汉译英练习,在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。人是很有趣的,往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始吃头盘或冷盆的时候,印象很好。吃头两个主菜时,也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静,吃完了这顿宴席,缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为怒,转赞美为责备挑剔,转首肯为摇头。这是因为,第一,开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态,而饿了吃糠甜如蜜,饱了吃蜜也不甜。第二,你初到一个餐馆,开始举筷时有新鲜感,新盖的茅房三天香,这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧。,原文选自王蒙的,陌生化代价,,属于哲理性的小品文,论述人际关系和交际技巧。语言风趣,运用比喻,寓意深刻,翻译时要注意保留原作的风格。,Practice 1,在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。,句,中“在,上”显然不是表示方位的意思,而是“在,方面”,因此可译为“,in terms of,”、“,as far as is concerned,”,或者意译为“当我们处理人际关系的时候”,即译为“,while dealing with personal relations,”、“,while handling personal relations,”。,难点解析,在处理难题时,我们要耐心,人是很有趣的,往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。,句,中的“优点”有很多表达方式,例如可译为“,excellence,”、“,virtue,”、“,merit,”、“,strongpoint,”、“,strong suits,”等等。“接触”即“交往”,可译为“,meet,”或“,socialize with,”。第一句话可理解为“人在接触其他人时首先看到的都是别人的优点,这是很有趣的”,因此可将连个分句合译为“,It,s very interesting that we humans would simply notice other,s excellence while socializing with a person for the first time.,”或“,Humans are so interesting that when we meet a person for the first time,what we notice is merely his or her merits.,”。第二句话还可译为“,This is quite like your dining experience in a restaurant.,”。,难点解析,在与人交往时,我们应当体谅他人,开始吃头盘或冷盆的时候,印象很好。吃头两个主菜时,也是赞不绝口。,句,中出现了几个有关饮食的词汇,要注意不要望文生义。例如“头盘”可直译为“,the first course,”,也可意译为“,the starter,”;“冷盆”即“冷菜”,可译为“,cold dish,”;“主菜”可直译为“,main course,”。“印象很好”不宜直译为“,the impression is very good,”,因为这样的表达在英语中显得很不地道。英语中“印象”常表达为动词短语“,be impressed,”或名词短语“,leave sb an impression,”。“赞不绝口”可译为“,be full of praise,”、“,be profuse in praise,”、“,be unstinting in one,s praise,”、“,praise profusely,”、“,with unceasing praise,”、“,keep on singing praises,”等等。,难点解析,愈吃愈趋于冷静,吃完了这顿宴席,缺点就都找出来了。,句,中“愈,愈,”可套用英语中“,the more the more,”的表达。其次,“吃完了这顿宴席”不宜选择“,eat,”作为谓语动词,因为“,eat,”是一个状态性动词,而“吃完”表示一个短暂性动词,因此不妨译为“,when the dinner is over,”、“,when we finish the dinner,”或“,by/at the end of the feast,”。最后,“缺点”可译为“,defect,”、“,demerit,”、“,shortcoming,”、“,blemish,”等等。注意,这里指的是“宴席中每道菜的缺点”,因此采取补充词汇的技巧,将其译为“,of the courses/dishes,”。,难点解析,于是转喜为怒,转赞美为责备挑剔,转首肯为摇头。,句,要注意处理好句型的转换。众所周知,汉语倾向于使用重复的手法,以取得强调的效果;而英语中为了行为简洁、流畅,往往倾向于采取省略的表达法。因此,翻译时可省略重复出现的动词词组“转,为,”。“首肯”即“赞同”,“摇头”即“不赞同”,因此该句还可译为“,Then,the delight transfers into huff,eulogizing into criticism and fault-picking,and approval into disapproval.,”。类似的表达还如培根的经典例句“,Reading makes a full man,conference a ready man,and writing an exact man.,”该句省略了两个“,makes,”,这正是英语中常用的省略法,能够提高行文的精炼性和力度。根据汉语的表达习惯,译成汉语时必须补充省略部分,因此不妨将这句名句译为“读书使人渊博,交谈使人机敏,写作使人严谨。”,难点解析,这是因为,第一,开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态,而饿了吃糠甜如蜜,饱了吃蜜也不甜。,句,的上述译文基本采取了意译的方法,重新调整了语序,使得译文读起来较为通顺、流畅。试比较直译的译文“,This is because:firstly,when you first begin eating,you are in an hungry state.When you are hungry,bran tastes as sweet as honey.When you are full,honey doesn,t taste sweet.,”可见,该句直译的译文行文比较啰嗦,前后用词重复率比较高,意译的译文显然要更胜一筹。,难点解析,This is firstly due to the fact that you are hungry when you starting eating at the very beginning.Hunger makes bran tastes as sweet as honey;otherwise,even honey tastes insipid.,第二,你初到一个餐馆,开始举筷时有新鲜感,新盖的茅房三天香,这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧。,句,中要注意灵活运用补充词汇的技巧。首先,“开始举筷时”若仅仅翻译字面意思,将其译为“,begin to raise chopsticks,”,意思表达还不是很完整,因为“举筷”意味着“开吃”,因此可补充“,at the beginning of the feast,”,或将其与“初到餐馆”合并,一起意译为“,when you begin to eat upon arrival,”。不少考生在处理“陌生化效应”这个短语时感觉比较棘手,似乎很难搜索出与其直接匹配的英语词汇。因此,这里不妨灵活运用英语曲折变化的构词规则,以“,familiar,”为词根,补充前缀“,de-,”和后缀“,-ization,”,将其译为“,defamiliarization effect,”。,难点解析,We should not be too romantic in terms of personal relations.Human beings are interesting.Quite often,when they first meet a person,they would only notice his or her virtues.It,s just like the experience of dining in a restaurant.The starter or cold dish will usually leave you very good impression.You will keep on singing praises while having your first two main courses.The more we have,the calmer we become.By the end of this feast,all the defects of the courses are found out.As a result,the happiness turns into anger,praise into scolding and nit-picking,and head-nodding into head-shaking.This is firstly due to the fact that you are hungry when you starting eating at the very beginning.Hunger makes bran tastes as sweet as honey;otherwise,even honey tastes insipid.Secondly,when you arrive at a restaurant for the first time and pick up your chopsticks at the beginning of the feast,everything there is new and fresh to you.A saying goes that the newly built latrine smells fragrant for the first three days.This might be called the,“,defamiliarization,effect,”,.,Reference,我想不起来哪一个熟人没有手机,今天没有手机的人是奇怪的。这种人才需要解释。我们的所有社会关系都储存在手机的电话本里,可以随时调出使用。古代只有巫师才能拥有这种法宝。,手机刷新了人与人之间的关系。会议室门口通常贴着一条通告:请与会者关闭手机。可是会议室里的手机铃声仍然响成一片。我们都是普通人,并没有多少重要的事情。尽管如此,我们也不会轻易关掉手机。打开手机象征着我们与这个世界的联系。手机反映出我们的“社交饥渴症”。最为常见的是,一个人走着走着突然停下来,眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信,他不在于停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。,原文选自南帆的,我们生活在机器中,,发表于,读者,2008,年第,10,期。该篇语言通俗易懂,文风亲切自然,内容贴近生活,读来琅琅上口,令人回味。,Practice 2,手机刷新了人与人之间的关系。,句,中要注意两个关键词,一是“手机”,可译为“,cell phone,”、“,mobile phone,”、“,mobile,”、“,handphone,”、“,handset,”等。二是“刷新”,不要过分受制于汉语的构词与表达框架的限制,将其直译为“,refurbish,”、“,update,”或“,renovate,”,因为这两个词一般不与“,relations,”搭配。从语义的角度看,这里的“刷新”即“改变”的意思,因此可简单地译为“,change,”或“,alter,”。,难点解析,
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