英语国家概况New-Zealand

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,New zealand,生物,1122,姜宗森,孙文,鞠丹,崔雨婕,Geography,The Geographical Features,:New Zealand is in the Southern Pacific Ocean,halfway between the equator and the South Pole,.Itislocated within the,Ring of Fire,a region encircling the Pacific Ocean where the movement of tectonic plates 板块 leads to volcanic and seismic,5saIzmIk,地震 activity.,(新西兰是南太平洋，位于赤道和南极。这是 位于内的火环，环绕在构造板块的运动导致的火山和地震活动的太平洋地区),It has two main islands:,North Island,and,South Island,.,Mt Cook,(库克山),:the highest peak,3,754 meters high;,Lake Taupo,(陶波湖),:the largest lake,covering 606 sq km;it is 40 km long and 27 km wide.In the surrounding area are numerous geysers and hot springs.,The Clutha,(该克卢撒),:the largest river,336 km long in the South Island.,Large,long group of islands from North to South,Two main landmasses,（陆地）,:,North Island,South Island,Separated by the Cook Strait,（库克海峡）,Third largest Island is Stewart Island,South of South Island,Capital:Wellington,(惠灵顿）,Largest City:Auckland,（奥克兰）,The Land,North Island,Volcanoes,(,火山,）,Mountains,South Island,Mountain chains,Lakes,rivers,inlets,（入口）,Cool,rainy,forested,Climate,The climate of New Zealand is generally temperate,but because the country runs northsouth,the climate is varied.,New zealands climate is dominated by two main geographical features-the sea and the mountains.Since the small landmass of New Zealand is surrounded by a large expanse of ocean,the climate of New Zealand is temperate oceanic,which means that the seasonal variations in New Zealand are much slighter than in continental countries.,Major cities,wellington,（惠灵顿）,is the captial of new zealand.located at the southern tip of the north island,it is the worlds most southern captial.in terms of population,it is new zealands second largest city.,Auckland(奥克兰）,located in the northern part of the north island,A,uckland,located in the northern part of the north island,is the largest city in new zealand.it has about 1.5 million inhabitants,one-third of the countrys entire population.in the maori language,auckland means the city of 100 lovers.it earned this name because it was a place desired by all and conquered by many.,History,Discovery Of New Zealand,New Zealand as a Colony,(作为一个殖民地),New Zealand as a Dominion,(,新西兰为自治领,),New Zealand as a Realm,(,新西兰,成为王国）,Discovery,The first inhabitants,（,第一批居民,）,Polynesian,（,波利尼西亚,）,people,ancestors of the Maoris,（毛利人）,between around 700 and 2000 years ago,cooperate,compete,fight with each other,developed their distinct Moriori culture,（不同的毛利人文化,.,）,The Dutch explorer,Abel Tasman The first European,（阿贝尔塔斯曼）,during his voyage of 1642-43,Without setting foot ashore,（上岸）,crew,（船员）,killed,.,New zealand as a Colony,Colony(18401907),The first significant voyage,（航行）,of discovery was undertaken by James Cook,who began extensive exploraton of the islands in 1769.It was Cook,（库克）,who proved that New Zealand consisted of two islands.Cooks voyage eventually led to the european colonization of it.An increasing number of settlers came to New Zealand either to trade or to buy land for farming,（越来越多的定居者来到新西兰的任何贸易或买地耕作）,.,The captain Cook,New Zealand became a British colony:signing of the Treaty of Waitangi,（签署怀唐伊条约）,In 1840,British representatives of the British Crown and chiefs of the native Maoris signed the Treaty of Waitangi.,（,1840，土著毛利人和英国代表英国王室的首领签署条约,）,Contents of the treaty:,（条约的内容）,The impact of the treaty on New Zealand now,:,（条约在新西兰现在的影响）,New Zealand as a Dominion,From a colony to a dominion,:,In 1907,New Zealand changed from a British colony to a separate dominion,equal in status to Australia and Canada.,Six stages of New Zealand as a Dominion,In 1907,from a British colony to a separate dominion,(1907年,从英国殖民地独立的统治),During World War,New Zealand enthusiastically backed Britain and suffered large casualties.,(第一次世界大战期间、新西兰热情地支持英国,遭受了巨大的人员伤亡),I,n,the late 1920s,encountered economy problems and took measures to solve them.,(在1920年代末,遇到经济问题和采取措施解决这些问题。),In world War once again suffered extraordinary casualties.,(在世界大战再次遭受了非同寻常的伤亡。),After world War ,New Zealand entered into a period of sustained,(持续的),economy growth,and it strengthened its relationship,(,关系,),with the United States.,In 1947,New Zealand was total independence from Britain.,In1983,the term“dominion”was,replaced with“realm”.,New Zealand signed the ANZUS Treaty,（,The Australia,New Zealand,United States Security Treaty,澳新美公约,)with the United States and Australia.,In 1951,New Zealand as a Realm,Nuclear Policy and David Russell Lange,Famous Prime Minister,Government,Independent State,Constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy,(君主立宪制和议会民主制),No written constitution,but the Constitution Act,(宪法法案),of 1986 defines the structure of the government.,Three branches of government,Legislative(parliament),(立法(国会),Executive(departments and agencies),(主管(部门和机构),Judicial(courts),Head of State:Queen Elizabeth II,(,女王伊丽莎白二世,),represented by a Governor-General,Role is mainly ceremonial,real political power is he