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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,3,4,3,4,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,3,4,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,2013年12月新题型大学英语四级考试,翻译题型,Az,新改革后翻译题型:,段落翻译,(,汉译英,),测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力。,分值比例:,15%,考试时间:,30,分钟,。,内容,:,中国,历史、文化、经济、社会发展,长度:,140-160,个汉字;,大学英语四级考试新题型评分标准,档次,评 分 标 准,13-15,分,译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切,行文流畅,基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错。,10-12,分,译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯,无重大语言错误。,7-9,分,译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确,语言错误相当多,其中有些是严重语言错误。,4-6,分,译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确,有相当多的严重语言错误。,1-3,分,译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子,绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思。,0,分,未作答,或只有几个孤立的词,或译文与原文毫不相关。,样卷,PartIVTranslation(30minutes),Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed,30minutestotranslateapassagefrom,ChineseintoEnglish.Youshouldwriteyo,u,r,answeronAnswerSheet2.,样题,剪纸(,paper,cutting,)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史,在明朝和清朝时期(,the,Ming,and,Qing,Dynasties,)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间,剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间,以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色,象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎,经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。,注意:此部分试题请在答题卡,2,上作答。,答案,Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts.Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years.It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings.During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations,in particular,paper cuttings are used to decorate doors,windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere.The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red,which symbolizes health and prosperity.Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.,汉译英解题方法,1.,阅读原文,理解原文,获得总体印象。,2.,处理原文句子,正确断句,合句,找准主语。理解原文中的语言现象和逻辑关系,注意汉英两种语言的不同表达习惯,综合翻译技巧进行翻译。,3.,修改,对译文修正、加工、润饰。第一步:对照原文一句一句修改,看原文内容、思想是否准确表达出来;有无漏译、错译、曲解的地方;译文语言是否通顺。第二步:脱离原文,反复阅读后进行修改。看上下文有无不连接的地方,前后有无矛盾、重复的地方,有无逻辑不通的地方。,汉语,VS,英语,不同表达习惯,一、英语重结构,汉语重语义,二、英语多长句,汉语多短句,三、英语多从句,汉语多分句,四、主语,宾语等名词成分“英语多代词,汉语多名词”,五、英语多被动,汉语多主动,六、英语多变化,汉语多重复,七、英语多抽象,汉语多具体,八、英语多引申,汉语多推理,英汉结构差异,连接方式:,汉语隐形,即连接词很少出现或不出现,这体现为意合,(parataxis);,英语显性,即连接词出现,体现为形合,(,hypotaxis,),组句方式:,汉语:动词多,短句多,常按时间顺序或前因后果的逻辑关系排列,呈链状;,英语:常按句内主次从属关系排列,在句子主体上添加修饰语以及限定语,形成严谨的树状结构。,1.,正确判断句子之间的关系,补充连接手段,实现显性连接。,e.g.,在这一年半中,她抄写、背写英语单词的纸,累起来可达桌子高。,思路:,SVO=,纸,+,达到,+,桌子高。,问题:累起来怎么处理?,In that year and a half,the paper,on which she had copied English words or written them down from memory,if stacked up,could,reach the table,from the floor.,结构差异带来的启示,2.,掌握内在联系正确断句,我们的班主任姓王,五十开外,方脸,一脸的胡子。,Mr.Wang,the head teacher responsible for our class,was over fifty.He had a square-shaped face with a full beard.,结构差异带来的启示,3.,正确安排句子基本框架,主次清楚,符合原意。,原文:大家都记得,1979,年秋天,当这个总共只念过八年书、连英文字母也认不全,而且已有三个孩子的女工,竟然报名上电大英语班时,,招来了多少惊讶的目光。,They remember how many astonished looks were cast at her in the autumn of 1979,when this woman worker with only 8 years schooling,little acquaintance with the English alphabet and three children to look after,actually enrolled in the English class offered by the local TV university.,结构差异带来的启示,汉译英的基本技巧,一、翻译的基本方法:,直译意译,直译:,保持原文内容、又保持原文形式,基本保留原有句子结构,不是死译。,意译:,只保持原文内容、不保持原文形式,更多考虑英语的特点。,如:我们的朋友遍天下。,Our friends are all over the world.,(,直译,),We have friends all over the world.,(意译),直译与意译相互关联,互为补充,两种译法可以并用,二、,汉译英的基本技巧,1.,增词,为了充分传达原文含义,必须增补词语,以求达意,.,北京是中国的政治、文化中心。这里你可以游览万里长城、故宫、颐和园等。,Beijing is a political and cultural center,that offers some scenic attractions,:the Great Wall,the Forbidden City,the Summer Palace etc.,1.,我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。,I dont think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in English.,2.,虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。,Modesty helps one to go forward,whereas conceit makes one lag behind.,增加形式主语,it,增连词,Practice Please.,2.,减词,:,汉语喜欢重复,英语崇尚简洁。汉语的重复作为一种修辞手段有两种作用。一是为了强调,重复表达一个意思,或增添修饰语,加强语气。二是为了便于词语搭配,或平衡节奏,增加可读性。这些在汉语里习以为常的重复词语或句式,到了英语里要么不合逻辑,要么累赘冗长。所以翻译时都要有所删减省略。,这是革命的春天,这是人民的,春天,,这是科学的,春天,!让我们张开双臂,热烈拥抱这个,春天,吧!,Let us stretch out our arms to embrace,the spring,which is one of the revolution,of the people,and of science.,见到自己的故乡,他想起了童年的,情景,。,The sight of his native place called back his childhood,.,他连续讲了两小时的法语,没有出现任何错误,。,He has been speaking in French for two hours without any mistakes.,长嗟短叹,sighing deeply,发号施令,issue orders,土崩瓦解,fall apart,两面三刀,two-faced tactics,Practice Please.,情景,没有出现,省名词,(,省动词,),3.,词类转换,词类变形和转换,是英语语言的一个很重要的特点,尤其是名词、动词、形容词这三种最主要的词类。,eg.,他的演讲给我们的,印象,很深。,His speech,impressed,us deeply.(,名词变动词,),eg.,你说他傻不,傻,?,Dont you think he is,an idiot,?(,形容词变名词,),4.,语态转换,在英汉两种语言当中都有主动和被动两种语态。在英语中被动语态的使用频率要远远高于汉语。如果一味按照汉语原句的语态来翻译,会使译文显得十分别扭。,这个小男孩在放学回家的路上受了伤。,The little boy was hurt on his way home from school.,门锁好了。,The door has been locked up.,新教材在印刷中。,New textbooks are being printed.,5.,分译,&,合译,(,按内容层次分译,),分译:,需要分译的句子多数是长句,或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果译成一个长句,就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚,也不符合英文习惯。如果采用分译,则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。,少年是一去不复返的,等到精力衰竭时,要做学问也来不及了。,Youth will soon be gone,,,never to return.And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years.,她隔窗望去,突然发现有只小船停泊在河边,船里有位船夫睡得正香。,Looking through the window,she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank.In i
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