英语语法基础知识

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,二级,三级,四级,五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,二级,三级,四级,五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,二级,三级,四级,五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,二级,三级,四级,五级,*,Grammar,语法层次,语法结构的,五,个层次,词素,(Morpheme),词,(,Word),词组,(Phrase),分句,(Clause),句子,(Sentence),morphemes,词素（,morpheme),free,bound,lexical,(child),Functional(and),derivational(re-),Inflectional(s),词,(word),构词法,简单,词,（,Simple,),派生词（,Derivative,）,复合词（,Compound,）,句法功能,功能词（,Function,）,实义祠（,Content),分句类型,(,T,ypes of clauses),Independent,(,main;min S+V,complete,),独立分句,(,主干,主谓齐全，完整）,I love linguistics.,You believe me.,Dependent,(,subordinate;SUB CONJ,incomplete,),从属子句 （从属，需加连词，不完整）,when,she entered the room,who,delivered the lecture,句子类型,(T,ypes of sentences),简单句,Simple,(one independent clause),She read the book,.,并列句,Compound,(,2,independent clauses connected with,c,o-ordinating,conjunctions:,并列连词,),She read the book,but,she didnt like it,。,复合句,Complex,(a combination of dependent(subordinate)and independent clauses,：从属连词、连接代词、连接副词,),She read the book,while,she was in college,.,并列复合句,Compound-Complex,(2 independent clauses+1()dependent clauses),He jumped for joy and screamed very loudly,when his team won the game.,简单句：,句子只包含一个主谓结构，且句子的各个成分都是由,单词或者短语,表示。,A school is an important place to students.,Many,people,have,a,close,relationship,with,their,pets.,The,students,I,teach,have,made,better,grades,in,the,past,few,weeks.,并列句：,两个或两个以上互相独立的主谓结构、由,并列连词,连接。,Oliver,came,to,the,party,but,Rose,did,not.,Every,room,in,the,house,has,its,own,function,and,it,is,difficult,to,imagine,the,life,without,one,of,them.,Tip:,根据两个简单句之间的关系,结合、选择、转折，因果，选择不同的并列连词,结合：,and,bothand,as,well,as,not,onlybut,also,选择：,or,eitheror,neithernor.,or,else.,Otherwise,转折：,but,yet,however,nevertheless,while,whereas,因果：,for,so,therefore,复合句：,两个或两个以上的主谓结构，其中一个,(,或多个,),主谓结构充当句子的某一,(,些,),成分，如：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语。,从属连词、连接代词、连接副词,This is an,interesting,book.,This is the book,which they talked about,.,Everything,depends,on,the,weather.,Whether,well,go,on,a,picnic,tomorrow,depends,on,the,weather.,He,came,here,at,seven,.,He,came,here,when,we,were,about,to,leave,.,主语从句,从属连词：,whether,，,that,，,That,the,driver,was,drunk,is,obvious.,Whether,you,come,or,not,doesnt,concern,me.,连接代词,:which,who,whoever,whose,what,whatever,Which,team,will,win,the,championship,is,still,not,clear.,Who,will,be,the,monitor,makes,no,difference.,连接副词,:how,when,where,why,How,he,did,it,puzzled,us,all.,Why,he,was,absent,from,class,is,a,mystery.,Tip,:主语从句后置,表语从句,从属连词：,whether,，,that,，,as,if,He,looks,as,if,he,didnt,care.,The,question,is,whether,they,would,like,to,help,us.,连接代词,:which,who,what,The,problem,is,which,road,we,should,take.,What,I,want,to,know,is,who,can,finish,it,in,one,week.,连接副词,:how,when,where,why,The question is when they will arrive.,That,is,why,they,stayed,there,for,two,weeks.,宾语从句,从属连词：,whether,，,that,，,if,I,think,that,you,want,to,be,a,teacher,is,practical.,I,dont,know,whether/if,his,son,is,still,living,with,them.,连接代词,:which,who,what,I really want to know what he did yesterday.,Tell,me,which,you,like,most.,连接副词,:how,when,where,why,He,told,us,where,he,found,that,missing,boy.,I,asked,him,why,he,didnt,show,up,at,the,party,last,night.,Tip,:宾语从句后置,定,语从句,引导定语从句的,关系词,，除引导定语从句外，还在定语从句中承担一个句子,成分。,关系代词：,who,whom,whose,which,that,The,girl,who,got,the,first,place,in,the,English,Competition,is,my,roommate.,The,policeman,is,talking,to,a,girl,whose,iphone,has,been,robbed.,These,are,the,books,that,I,bought,through,on-line,purchasing,关系副词：,when,where,why,Do,you,still,remember,the,days,when,we,worked,together,？,She lived in Beijing for five years,where she studied Chinese.,These are the reasons why they dont like their boss.,状语从句,时间状语,连词或词组：,when/while/as,whenever,before,after,since,till/until,as,soon,as,/,the,moment/the,minute,hardlywhen/scarcelywhen/no soonerthan/instantly/,directly,once,every/each time,I,think,that,you,want,to,be,a,teacher,is,practical.,I,dont,know,whether/if,his,son,is,still,living,with,them.,Well,leave,the,minute,everything,is,ready.,I,had,hardly,sat,down,when,the,telephone,rang.,No,sooner,had,he,arrived,home,than,it,began,to,rain.,地点状语,连词：,where,wherever,anywhere,The,police,ordered,the,suspect,to,stay,where,he,was.,He,likes,to,make,friends,wherever,he,goes.,Come,in,and,sit,anywhere,you,like.,状语从句,条件状语,连词或词组：,if,unless,as,long,as/so,long,as/so,far,as,in,case,suppose/supposing/provided,that,/,providing,on,condition,that,If,you,can,practice,enough,you,are,sure,to,pass,the,driving,test,this,time.,Id,like,to,go,swimming,unless,the,water,is,too,cold.,Supposing,that,he,doesnt,help,what,shall,we,do,？,原因状语,连词：,because/since/as/now,that,considering,that,seeing,Since youre not interested in this TV play,lets change the channel.,Now that,you are grown up,you,should,not,rely,on,your,parents.,状语从句,结果状语,连词或词组：,sothat/suchthat,so,that/,This,is,such,a,heavy,box,that,nobody,can,move,it.,His,car,broke,down,halfway,to,the,company,so,that,he,had,to,take,a,taxi.,目的状语,连词：,that/so,that/in,order,that,lest,for,fear,that,in,case,The,two,boys,were,whispering,so,