中国机动车第三第四阶段排放标准及对策

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,中国机动车,第,第三第四阶,段,段排放标准,及,及对策,刘宪,北京汽车研,究,究所有限公,司,司,2022年11月3日,2022/11/3,1,推动汽车,技,技术进步,的,的三大动,力,力,安全、,环保,、节能,2022/11/3,2,机动车排,放,放标准控,制,制重点的,演,演变,标准发展,趋,趋势,车辆技术,状,状况检查,。,。,新生产车,技,技术状况,保,保证。,新车排放,生,生产一致,性,性保证。,耐久性试,验,验里程内,排,排放性能,保,保证。,国,1,到国,4,排放标准,的,的核心,国,1,：产品型,式,式核准,国,2,：产品生,产,产一致性,国,3/4,：在用车,符,符合性（,耐,耐久性里,程,程内）,2022/11/3,3,机动车排,放,放标准的,实,实施状况,2022/11/3,4,轻,型,型,汽,汽,车,车,国,国,3,国,4,排,放,放,标,标,准,准,轻,型,型,汽,汽,车,车,2022/11/3,5,轻,型,型,汽,汽,车,车,排,排,放,放,试,试,验,验,工,工,况,况,（,（,NEDC2000,）,UDC,EUDC,取消初始的40秒热机过程,从,点,点,火,火,开,开,始,始,起,起,取,取,样,样,时,间,间,，,，,s,车,速,速,（,（,km/h),2022/11/3,6,轻,型,型,汽,汽,油,油,车,车,排,排,放,放,限,限,值,值,演,演,变,变,过,过,程,程,HC+NOx,NOx,CO,0,20,40,60,80,100,降低率,%,国,I,国,II,国,III,国,IV,2022/11/3,7,轻型汽,油,油车排,放,放限值,第一类,轻,轻型汽,油,油车排,放,放限值,比,比较：,国,相对于,：,CO,下降,19%,，,HC+Nox,下降,48%,。,国,相对于,：,CO,下降,-5%,，,HC+Nox,下降,30%,。,国,相对于,：,CO,下降,15%,，,HC+Nox,下降,64%,。,国,相对于,：,CO,下降,57%,，,HC+Nox,下降,49%,。,国,相对于,：,CO,下降,63%,，,HC+Nox,下降,81%,。,阶段,第一类轻型汽车,g/km,CO,HC,NOX,HC+NOX,国,1,2.72,0.97,国,2,2.2,19.1%,0.5,48.5%,国,3,2.3,15.4%,0.2,0.15,0.35,63.9%,国,4,1,63.2%,0.1,50.0%,0.08,46.7%,0.18,81.4%,2022/11/3,8,柴油,轿,轿车,排,排放,限,限值,演,演变,过,过程,欧,1,和欧,2,转化,到,到取,消,消,40,秒怠,速,速的,新,新测,试,试工,况,况（,ACEA,相关,系,系数,）,）,2022/11/3,9,轻型,柴,柴油,车,车排,放,放限,值,值,轻型,柴,柴油,车,车排,放,放限,值,值比,较,较：,国,相对,于,于,：,CO,下降,63%,，,HC+Nox,下降,28%,，,Nox,下降,28%,，,PM,下降,43%,。,国,相对,于,于,：,CO,下降,40%,，,HC+Nox,下降,21%,，,Nox,下降,21%,，,PM,下降,38%,。,国,相对,于,于,：,CO,下降,77%,，,HC+Nox,下降,42%,，,Nox,下降,42%,，,PM,下降,64%,。,国,相对,于,于,：,CO,下降,22%,，,HC+Nox,下降,46%,，,Nox,下降,50%,，,PM,下降,50%,。,国,相对,于,于,：,CO,下降,82%,，,HC+Nox,下降,69%,，,Nox,下降,71%,，,PM,下降,82%,。,阶段,柴油轿车排放限值,g/km,CO,HC+NOX,NOX,PM,国,1,2.72,0.97,0.86,0.14,国,2,1,63.2%,0.7,27.8%,0.62,27.9%,0.08,42.9%,国,3,0.64,76.5%,0.56,42.3%,0.5,41.9%,0.05,64.3%,国,4,0.5,81.6%,0.3,69.1%,0.25,70.9%,0.025,82.1%,2022/11/3,10,重型柴油,车,车排放标,准,准,重型柴油,车,车,第三阶段,中,中对采用,了,了,NOX,和,PM,后处理装,置,置的柴油,车,车，应附,加,加,ETC,试验。,2022/11/3,11,重型柴油,车,车排放试,验,验工况（,R49,与,ESC,）,2022/11/3,12,重型柴油,车,车排放试,验,验工况（,ELR,和,ETC,）,ETC,瞬态循环,发动机转速,ETC,瞬态循环,发动机扭矩,2022/11/3,13,NOx,PM,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,降低率%,国,I,国,II,国,III,国,IV,国,V,重型柴油,车,车排放限,值,值演变过,程,程,2022/11/3,14,重型柴,油,油车排,放,放限值,重型柴,油,油车：,国,相对于,：,CO,下降,11%,，,HC,下降,0%,，,Nox,下降,12.5%,，,PM,下降,58%,。,国,相对于,：,CO,下降,30%,，,HC,下降,40%,，,Nox,下降,28%,，,PM,下降,33%,。,国,相对于,：,CO,下降,53%,，,HC,下降,40%,，,Nox,下降,38%,，,PM,下降,72%,。,国,相对于,：,CO,下降,29%,，,HC,下降,30%,，,Nox,下降,30%,，,PM,下降,80%,。,国,相对于,：,CO,下降,67%,，,HC,下降,58%,，,Nox,下降,56%,，,PM,下降,94%,。,阶段,重型汽车,g/kWh,CO,HC,NOX,PM,国,1,4.5,1.1,8,0.36,国,2,4,11.1%,1.1,0.0%,7,12.5%,0.15,58.3%,国,3,2.1,53.3%,0.66,40.0%,5,37.5%,0.1,72.2%,国,4,1.5,66.7%,0.46,58.2%,3.5,56.3%,0.02,94.4%,国,5,1.5,66.7%,0.46,58.2%,2,75.0%,0.02,94.4%,EEV,1.5,66.7%,0.25,77.3%,2,75.0%,0.02,94.4%,2022/11/3,15,重型汽油车,排,排放标准,重型汽油车,2022/11/3,16,重型汽油车,排,排放试验工,况,况,9,工况和,JE05,工况,2022/11/3,17,重型汽油车,排,排放限值,重型汽油车,：,：,国,相对于,：,CO,下降,72%,，,HC+Nox,下降,71%,。,国,相对于,：测量方法,变,变化，不作,比,比较。,国,相对于,：,CO,下降,17%,，,HC+Nox,下降,17%,。,阶段,重型汽油车,g/kWh,CO,HC,NOX,HC+NOX,国,1,34,14,国,2,9.7,71.5%,4.1,70.7%,国,3,19.2,43.5%,0.35,0.84,1.19,91.5%,国,4,16,52.9%,0.29,17.1%,0.7,16.7%,0.99,92.9%,实施国,3,国,3,标准,汽,汽油,车,车采,用,用的,排,排放,控,控制,技,技术,2022/11/3,19,汽油,车,车达,国,国3/4,标,标准,的,的硬,件,件配,置,置要,求,求,改进的发动机,优化的电控系统,改进的燃油系统,改进的排气系统,预热型催化转化器,改进配方的主催化转化器,OBD,系统,蒸发排放控制系统,PCV,系统,EGR,阀,低热惯性的排气管及支管,2022/11/3,20,废气,再,再循,环,环（,EGR,）装,置,置,2022/11/3,21,电控,喷,喷射,系,系统,喷射,方,方式,：,：,喷射,位,位置,进气,管,管喷,射,射：,多,多点,喷,喷射,（,（,MPI,）,缸内,喷,喷射,（,（,GDI,）,喷射,时,时间,间歇,喷,喷射,，,，与,发,发动,机,机转,速,速同,步,步喷,射,射：,独,独立,喷,喷射,（,（顺,序,序喷,射,射）,喷射,时,时间,控,控制,更,更精,确,确准,确,确,2022/11/3,22,催,化,化,转,转,化,化,器,器,催,化,化,器,器,配,配,方,方,优,优,化,化,：,：,降,低,低,起,起,燃,燃,温,温,度,度,，,，,改,改,善,善,冷,冷,启,启,动,动,时,时,净,净,化,化,性,性,能,能,；,；,提,高,高,转,转,化,化,效,效,率,率,；,；,改,善,善,空,空,燃,燃,比,比,特,特,性,性,，,，,增,增,大,大,空,空,燃,燃,比,比,适,适,应,应,区,区,间,间,。,。,2022/11/3,23,车,载,载,诊,诊,断,断,系,系,统,统,（,（,OBD,）,增,加,加,OBD,系,统,统,，,，,检,检,测,测,车,车,辆,辆,排,排,放,放,性,性,能,能,OBD,功,能,能,自,动,动,检,检,测,测,并,并,显,显,示,示,车,车,辆,辆,电,电,器,器,系,系,统,统,工,工,作,作,状,状,况,况,。,。,自,动,动,检,检,测,测,并,并,显,显,示,示,车,车,辆,辆,排,排,放,放,状,状,况,况,催,化,化,转,转,化,化,器,器,工,工,作,作,状,状,况,况,。,。,失,火,火,状,状,况,况,。,。,氧,传,传,感,感,器,器,劣,劣,化,化,状,状,况,况,。,。,实,施,施,国,国,3,国,3,标,准,准,柴,柴,油,油,车,车,采,采,用,用,的,的,排,排,放,放,控,控,制,制,技,技,术,术,2022/11/3,25,柴油车,达国3/4标,准,准的硬,件,件配置,要,要求,燃油喷射系统,先进的配气系统,电控系统,涡轮增压系统,中冷器,先进的后处理系统,清洁燃油,EGR,系统,2022/11/3,26,降低柴油车排放的技术对策,PM,排放,g/kWh,满足欧,5,的技术路线,EGR,加,DPF,优化发动机和供油加,SCR,NOx,排放,g/kWh,燃油消耗量,BFSC,NOx/PM/BFSC,折中线,两种达,到,到国,4,标准的,技,技术路,线,线,2022/11/3,27,喷油系,统,统,2022/11/3,28,喷油系,统,统,高压喷射系统喷射过程,单位时间喷射质量,时间,2022/11/3,29,进气增,压,压或增,压,压,+,中冷技,术,术,废气涡,轮,轮增压,+,中冷技,术,术：提,高,高充气,量,量和充,气,气效率,可变截,面,面增压,器,器,VGT,2022/11/3,30,颗粒过滤,器,器,2022/11/3,31,SCR,系统,操作控制模块,尿素罐,SCR,催化器,N2,和水,NOx,尿素输送管,尿素喷头,还原,剂,柴油,发动机,排气,SCR,系统,2022/11/3,32,轻型车油,耗,耗（,CO2,排放量）,法,法规介绍,2022/11/3,33,燃料消耗,量,量标准,CO2,既是环境,大,大气的污,染,染物，同,时,时直接反,映,映了车辆,的,的燃油消,耗,耗。成为,当,当今的重,要,要排放控,制,制对象。,我国从,2005,年起开始,控,控制轻型,汽,汽车的燃,油,油消耗（,CO2,排放）,GB19578-2004,乘用车燃,料,料消耗量,限,限值,GB/T19233-2003,轻型汽车,燃,燃料消耗,量,量试验方,法,法,2022/11/3,34,美国以某,公,公司的各,种,种车型经,销,销售量加,权,权后的平,均,均燃油耗,表,表示（,CAFE,）。,日本将汽,车,车质量分,为,为,9,组规定限,值,值，每个,质,质量组采,用,用,CAFE,（质量分,组,组,+CAFE,）