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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Language Acquisition,语言,语言观察,语言研究,语言学,理论语言学,应用语言学,结构语言学,生成语言学,功能语言学,语音学,词汇学,语义学,语法学,社会语言学,文化语言学,语言教学,计算语言学,病理语言学,心理语言学,交际语言学,法律语言学,地理语言学,广告语言学,词义学词源学语汇学,句法学形态学词法学,人类语言学,语言风格学,社会语言学,人名学,地名学,儿童语言学,传播语言学,对外汉语教学,语言学学科体系,语言习得,Overview,1.Introduction,a childs acquisition of his mother tongue,How does the child comes to understand and speak the language of his community?How is language learned?,to better understand the nature of human language,developmental process,In the acquisition of mother tongues,despite of a certain individual differences,all normal children,brought up with,appropriate mother tongue input in appropriate linguistic context,can successfully acquire their mother tongues and the stages they experience in the mother tongue acquisition are similar.,Language acquisition,is primarily the acquisition of the,grammatical system,.,No one can store all the words and expressions in his mind.A child usually constructs his grammatical rules by listening to the linguistic input that surrounds him and speaks according to his own constructed grammar.,Without these productive rules,a language user would be unable to produce and understood an unlimited number of sentences which he has never heard or used before.,Language acquisition,is mainly the acquisition of,grammatical rules,.,This does not mean that it is the acquisition of each specific rule.What a child has acquired is a limited number of highly abstract and general principles,ignoring the irregular cases.,Eg,:,A child may add,“-s,”to the end of a noun to form the plural form,whether the noun is regular or irregular.Therefore,the mistakes that a child makes are systematic and predictable.,2.Theories of Child LA,A behaviorist view,imitation and habit formation,An,innatist,view,language acquisition device-UG,An,interactionist,view,Interplay between the human characteristics of the child and the environment,Behaviorists view,the routine aspects,The,innatist,childrens acquiring complex system,The,interactionist,how children learn and use the language appropriately in the environment.,3.Cognitive Development in Child Language Development,Cognitive development relates to language acquisition in two ways:,Language development is dependent on both the,concepts,children form about the world and what they,feel,stimulated,The cognitive factors determine how the child makes sense of the linguistic system himself.,4.Language Environment and the CPH,The role of,language environment,Behaviorist view,a major role in providing both language models to be imitated and the necessary feedback,The,innatist,view,a stimulus that triggers and activated the pre-equipped LAD to process the materials provided by the linguistic environment,The,interactionist,view,the quality of the language samples available in the linguistic environment,The role of,Age,the LAD,like other biological functions,works successfully only when it is stimulated at the right time-a specific and limited time period for language acquisition-,Critical Period Hypothesis,(Eric,Lenneberg,),5.Features in Child Language Development,at a given time of life(1.5 4yrs),in an appropriate linguistic environment,biologically programmed-all human beings are equally possessed,children follow a similar acquisition schedule across cultures,the role of input,interaction,instruction,correction,reinforcement and imitation,6.The Stages in Child Language Development,prelinguistic,stage(babbling),the one-word stage holophrastic sentences,-overextension,the two-word stage with clear syntactic and,semantic,relations,but absent of markers,the multiword stage,telegraghic,speech lack,grammatical morphemes,but follow the principles,of sentence formation,The development of CLA:,phonology bilabials and 3 basic vowels(i:u:a:),syntax NP,VP,negative(No eat.,No want some,food.I dont want any food.,),morphology stems,inflectional morphemes(-,ing,Pl.s“overgeneralization”,vocabulary first 2 years(50100)2 yrs(expand,rapidly)8 yrs(17,600),semantics doesnt learn the meaning of a word all at,once(overextension),daddy:,+ADULT,+ADULT +MALE,+ADULT +MALE,+PARENT,7.Issues in Child Language Development,The role of input and interaction,G,enetically programmed capacity,for language is not a sufficient condition for language acquisition.Successful language acquisition requires,appropriate linguistic context,in which a child can interact with others linguistically.Otherwise,language acquisition can be severely hampered.,Caretaker speech,is a modified speech usually for communication with children.Children with little or no exposure to caretaker speech do not necessarily acquire their mother tongues more slowly than children with much exposure to caretaker speech.,It means the exposure to caretaker speech is not an essential condition for language acquisition.However,caretaker speech can help,establish the relation,between linguistic forms and their meanings,facilitate the comprehension,of language and make the acqui
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