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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,定语从句,知识结构,基本概念,定语：用于修饰、限制名词、代词或先当于名词的短语或句子的成分。在中文中,定语一般放在所修饰的名词或代词之前；而在英文中则不同：单纯的形容词、分词作定语时，放在所修饰词之前；副词、分词短语和从句作定语时，要放在所修饰词之后。例如：,那个子高大聪明清秀的,男孩是,李小明的,弟弟。,That tall bright smart,boy is,Li Mings,brother.,孩子们读喜欢读,有图片的,书,Children all like to read the books,which,have picture.,你能回答,下面的,问题吗？,Can you answer these questions,bellow,?,一个看到样姿同势的,人认为它的意思是钱。,A person,seeing the same gesture,will think it means money.,以为来访的朋友一脸上被吻一下作为问好。,A,visiting,friend is greeted with a kiss,on the cheek.,定语从句是用于修饰名词或代词,的从句,定语从句,A,限制性定语从句,B,非限制性定语从句,定语从句,=,先行词,+,关系词,+,从句,关系词：,A,关系代词,who, whom, whose, that, which,B,关系副词,when, where, why =,（介词,+,关系代词 ）,限制性定语从句是修饰、限制先行词的从句。,非限制性定语从句是对先行词,、,句,子,的部分或整个句,子起,修饰,、限制或,补充说明,的,，从句和主句用逗号的开。,在限制性定语从句作宾语的关系代词可以省,略，但非限制新定语从句则不能省。,例如：,All the books,that,have pictures have been sent to them.,All the books,which,have pictures ,have been sent to them.,He has a brother,who,is a doctor.,He has a brother ,who,is a doctor.,The man,(whom),you met yesterday is Mr. Smith,Children like to read books,which,have wonderful pictures,关系代词 的用法,Who,指人，在定语从句中作主语。,The boy,who,is standing there is my cousin.,whom,指人，在定语从句中作宾语（可省）。,The man,(whom),you met yesterday is Mr. Smith,The boy,(whom,),youre looking for is hidden behind the tree.,Whose(=of,whom+the+n,the+n,whom; of,which+n,the+n+of,which),指人或指物，作定语。,Do you know the boy,whose,father,(,the father of whom/ of whom the father),is an engineer.,He lives in a house,whose,windows (the window of which/ of which the window),faces south.,that,指人或指物，作主语、宾语（可省）,I dont know about the man,(,that),you mentioned.,A plane is a machine,that,can fly.,which,指物，作主语、宾语（可省）,The pen,(which),my uncle gave me is missing.,Children like to read books,which,have wonderful pictures,关系副词的用法,when (=,in/on/at+ which,),修饰表示时间的名词，在定从句中作状语。,Ill never forget the day,when (on which ),I joined the Party.,where,(=in/on/at+ which,),修饰表示地点的名词，在定从句中作状语。,The factory,where (in which),my father works is in the east of the city.,why,(=for+ which ),修饰表示原因,(reason),的名词，在定从句中作状语。,None of us know the reason,why ( for which),Tom was absent from the meeting,.,先行词指人时，关系代词用,who,，而不用,that,：,先行词是,one, ones, anyone,时,宜用,who,。,One,who,has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.,Anyone,who,breaks the law should be punished.,先行词是,those,时,宜用,who,。,Those,who,want to see the film sign up here.,当先行词有较长的后置定语且定语为物时，宜用,who,。,I met a,foreign student,from Beijing University,who,could ask me question in Chinese.,当一个句子中带有两个定语从句时，其中一个从句的关系代词用,that,，另一个宜用,who,。,The boy,that,you met at school gate yesterday morning is our monitor,who,studies very hard.,在,there be,开头的句子中,。,There are many young men,who,are against the plan.,当先行词是物时，在下列情况中，关系代词只用,that,，而不用,which,。（,1,）,当先行词是不定代词,all, little, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one,时,。,Do you have,anything,that,you want to say for yourself?,You should hand in,all,that you have.,当先行词前面用,only, any, few, little, no, all, very,等修饰时。,This is the,very book,that,Im looking for.,The,only thing that,you can do is to give you some money.,当先行词是形容词最高级或它前面有形容词最高级时。,This is the,best that,has been used against pollution.,This is the,most interesting film,that,Ive ever seen?,当先行词是序数词时或前面有一个序数词时,。,The train is,the last,that,will go to the Suzhou.,What is the,first American film,that,you have seen?,当先行词是物时，在下列情况中，关系代词只用,that,，而不用,which,。（,2,）,当先行词既有人又有物时。,Do you know,the things and persons that,they are talking about?,当主句的主语是疑问词,who,或,which,时。,Which is,the bike,that,you lost?,Who is,the boy that,won the gold medal?,又两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用,which,，另一个宜用,that,。,They built up a small,factory,which produced,things,that,could cause pollution.,先行词在句子中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。,Shanghai is no longer,the city,that,it used to be,.,关系代词,which,与,as,引导非限制定语从句的区别,:,关系代词,which,和,as,都可以引导定语从句用于指代前面整句的内容。,as,引导定语从句既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾。意思是“正如,”,后面的动词多是,see, know, expect, say, mention, report, announce,等。,As,is known to all, Edison invited the telephone.= Edison invited the telephone,as,is known to all,which,引导定语从句,只能放在句尾，意思是“这一点,”,。,He turned out to be very successful,which,was more than we could expect .,
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