现在分词作状语

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,现在分词作状语,选修六,Unit 5 Grammar,千万要注意,V-ing,形式的规则哟！,不能单独作,谓语,，没有,人称和数,的变化，可以有自己的,宾语和状语,。还有,时态和语态,的变化,。,分词作状语,状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句 子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。,分词,作状语,让步,原因,条件,结果,时间,伴随,方式,分词作状语功能表,1.,时间,2.,原因,3.,条件,4.,让步,5.,方式,/,伴随,时间状语从句,原因 状 语,从句,条件 状 语,从句,让步状 语,从句,没有合适的状语,从句,A.,现在分词作状语学与练,把划线部分改写成分词短语,并说明其功能,1.1.,When they saw their teacher, the students stood up.,Seeing their teacher,the students stood up.,*,现在分词动作的发出者是,(,),句子主语,*,现在分词短语作,( ),时间状语,-,ing,分词短语作,时间状语,，代替一个时间状语从句：,注意：,现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词,when, while,引出。现在分词一般位于句首。 如：,When,he,read the book,he,nodded from time to time.,When,she,saw,those pictures,she,remembered her childhood.,Seeing,those pictures,she,remembered her childhood.,When reading,the book,he,nodded from time to time.,1.,After they had finished their homework,they went home.,Having finished their homework,they,went,home.,*,现在分词短语作,(,),*Having finished their homework,表现的动作在,went home( ),故用分词的,( ).,时间状语,之前,完成式,2.,Because he was ill, he couldnt go to school.,Being ill, he couldnt go to school.,*,现在分词短语 作原因状语,3.,If you work harder at English, you will make greater progress.,Working harder at English, you will make greater progress.,*,现在分词短语 作条件状语,4.Although they felt very tired,，,they kept running.,*,Feeling very tired,they kept running.,现在分词短语 作让步状语,5.The children came into the classroom,and they laughed and talked,.(,并列句,),*The children came into the classroom,laughing and talking,.,*,现在分词短语 作伴随或方式状语,*,Laughing and talking,the children came into the classroom.,*,不可改成相应状语从句,-ing,分词作状语代替状语从句可以表示,现在分词作状语代替状语从句,时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等，,注：,从句的主语,和,主句的主语,必须,一致,。即,-ing,分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语，并表示,主动,的关系。,现在分词的时态和语态,doing,being done,having done,having been done,doing,作状语，表示分词的动作与谓语动作同时发生,having done,作状语，表示分词的动作先于谓语的动作发生,He came into the classroom,talking and laughing.,Having finished,his work, he went home.,把下列划线部分改写成分词短语,并说明其功能,B.,过去分词作状语学与练,1.,When she,was asked,why she did it,she began to cry.,*,Asked why she did it, she began to cry.,*,过去分词短语作时间状语,*,从句的动词用的是被动语态,*,过去分词的动作由主语承受,2.Because he,was moved,by her words, he decided to help the poor boy.,*,Moved by her words, he decided to help the poor boy.,*,过去分词短语作原因状语,3.,If I,were given,one more chance, I would like to tell the girl, “I love you.”.,*,Given one,more chance, I would like to tell the girl , “ I love you.”.,*,过去分词短语作条件状语,4.,Although they,had,been defeated,many times,，,they continued to fight.,*Having been,defeated,many times, they continued to fight.,=,Although,defeated many times,they continued to fight.,*,过去分词短语作让步状语,*,分词作状语时，,为使状语含义更加明确，有时在过去分词,(,现在分词）前,可加上适当连词,如：,while,，,when,，,once,，,if,，,unless,，,as if,，,though,*Once used, the car will never be sold again.,(once “,一旦,”),=,Once it is used, the car will never be sold again.,*,When heated, water turns into steam.,=,When water is heated, water turns into steam.,Heated,water turns into,steam,5.The teacher stood there,and he was,surrounded by many students.,*The teacher stood there (,),surrounded by many students,=,Surrounded by many students,the teacher stood there.,*,过去分词短语作伴随或方式状语,Having been told many times, he didnt make the same mistake.,Having been criticized,by the teacher, he gave up smoking.,分词的动作发生在谓语动词,的动作之前,一、分词做状语,1,、,现在分词的一般式（,doing,）与句中主语构成,逻辑上的主谓关系,，与句中谓语动作,同时发生或者在其后发生,。,2,、完成式（,having done,）与句中主语构成逻辑上的,主谓关系,，,先与谓语动作而发生。,3,过去分词（,done,）同动词现在分词的完成形式（,having been done,）均与句中主语构成,逻辑上的动宾关系,，且,先与谓语动词发生。,状语,现在分词,过去分词,doing,与主语为主动关系,done,与主语为被动关系,分词作状语,其,逻辑,主语必,须与句子,主语保持一致,Hearing,the bad news,they,couldnt help crying.,When they,heard the,bad news,doing,与主语为主动关系,Given,more attention,the trees,could have grown,better.,If they had,been given more,attention,done,与主语为被动关系,_ from the top of the building,we,saw the house like a match box.,_from the top of the building,the house,looks like a match box.,Seeing,Seen,see,分词（短语）做状语时，分词前面可以加上,连词,，,但是分词和句子之间不能用并列连词,(,如,but,，,and,，,so),，,因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分，,分词和主句之间可用逗号。,注意,1,：,例如,:,误,:,Having,been told many times,but,he,still couldnt understand it.,正,: He was told many times,but,he still,couldnt understand it.,或,Having been told,many times, he still,couldnt understand it.,对比练习,1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .,2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .,A. Having been told B. ToldC. He was told D. He been told,3. _from space , the earth looks blue .,4._from space , we can see the earth is blue .,A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See,C,A/B,A,B,but,the earth,we,1. As he had eaten too much for supper, he couldnt go to sleep.,2.This book became well known all over the world after it had been translated into many different languages.,Having eaten too much for supper, he couldnt go to sleep.,Having been translated into many different languages, this book became well known all over the world .,Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.,- ing,形式（短语）的否定形式,常在其（ ）加,not,/never,等。,前面,Not having received his fathers letter,he,decided,to make a call to him.,注意,2,：,有些分词短语可以做独立成分，用来解释整个句子，不受句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有：,generally(frankly,honestly) speaking, supposing (,假设,), judging from(,从,判断,), talking of,（谈到,), speaking of,（谈到）,considering(,考虑到，鉴于）等。,Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys.,Supposing,you lose, what will you do?,Judging from,his accent, he must be from the north.,Talking of,travel, have you ever been to Beijing?,现在分词的独立成分,Task 4,现在分词的独立主格结构,在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致,但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为,:,分词独立主格结构,独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况,表示时间、原因、条件等,As the boy led the way, we had no trouble finding the strange village.,If weather permits, well go for an outing tomorrow.,leading the way,we,had no trouble finding the strange village.,permitting,we,ll go for an outing tomorrow.,Practice:,The boy,The weather,As there was no further problems to discuss, we ended the meeting at last.,There being,no further problems to discuss,we,ended the meeting at last.,1,、分词,(,短语,),作状语时,前后两个动作的主语是一致的。,2,、分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词,(,如,but,，,and),，,分词和主句之间可用逗号。,使用,- ing,形式需注意的,4,个问题,.,3,、用,V+ing,一般式 还是,Having+done,完成式，要看前后两个动作有没明显的先后顺序，在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。,4,、分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上,not, never,等否定词构成。,After he heard a strong sound, he went out of the room for a look.,=,Hearing,a strange sound, he went out of .,As the girl was seriously ill, she was taken to hospital immediately.,Being,seriously ill, the girl was taken to .,be - being,As she didnt know any French, she couldnt get any one to help her.,Not knowing,any French, she couldnt get any one to help her.,巩固练习：,The secretary worked late into the night,_ a long speech for the president.,A. to prepare B. preparing,C. prepared D. was preparing,2. European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.,A. making B. makes,C. made D. to make,3.,”,Can,t you read?,”,Mary said _ to the,notice,.,A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily,C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing,4. _ a reply, he decided to write again.,Not receiving,B. Receiving not,Not having received,D. Having not received,5,The missing singer was last seen _ the voice close to the bridge,A,exercising B,to be exercising C,exercise D,to exercise,6.The directors discussed the project that they would like to see _ the next year,A,carry out B,carrying out C,carried out D,to carry out,