试讲-英语定语从句详解

定语从句,The Attributive clause,定语,从句,定语,在复合句中，修饰某一,名词,或,代词,的从句叫做定语从句。,定语用来对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用,的,表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，,名词,，,代词,，,数词,，,分词,，,副词,，不定式以及,介词短语,也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。,前置定语,后置定语,单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。,短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。,定语从句,定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。,如：,1),The man,who lives next to us,is a policeman.,2)You must do,everything,that I do,.,上面两句中的,man,和,everything,是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。,关系词,/,引导词,先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,先行词,=,关系词,/,引导词,This is the,bike,which,my father bought for me.,which,代替,bike,定语,从句,引导词,关系代词,关系副词,关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：,that,which,who,whom,whose,as,关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：,when,where,why,引导词的作用,1,、引导定语从句,2,、代替先行词,在从句中的位置,3,、在定语从句中担当一个成分,关系代词的基本用法,关系代词,指代的先行词,充当从句的成分,省略否,who,人,主语、宾语,关系代词在句中作宾语时可以省略,whom,人,宾语,wh,ose,人,/,事,定语,that,人,/,物,主语、宾语、表语,wh,ich,事,/,物,主语、宾语,、表语,as,人,/,物,/,事,主语、宾语、表语,关系代词引导的定语从句,1.who,指人，在从句中做主语,(1)The boys,who,are playing football,are from Class One.,(2)Yesterday I helped an old man,who,lost his way,.,2.whom,指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。,(1)Mr.Liu is the person,(,whom,),you talked about,.,注意：关系代词,whom,在口语和非正式语体中常用,who,代替，可省略。,(3)The man,who/whom,you met just now,is my friend.,关系代词引导的定语从句,3.which,指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略,(1)Football is,a game,which,is liked by most boys,.(which,在句子中做主语,),(2)This is,the pen,(,which),he bought yesterday,.(which,在句子中做宾语,),4.that,指人时，相当于,who,或者,whom,；指物时，相当于,which,。,在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。,(1),The people,that/who,come to visit the city,are all here.(,在句子中做主语,),(2)Where is,the man,that/whom,I saw this morning,?(,在句子中做宾语,),关系代词引导的定语从句,5.whose,通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语,(1)He has,a friend,whose,father is a doctor,.,(2)I lived in,a house,whose,roof has fallen in,.,whose,指物时，常用以下结构来代替,(3),The classroom,whose door,is broken,will soon be repaired.,=,The classroom,the door of which,is broken,will soon be repaired.,(4)Do you like,the book,whose color,is yellow,?,=Do you like,the book,the color of which,is yellow,?,that,和,which,的区别,1,1,、下面情况不用,that:,介词后面：,This is,the book,about,which,we are talking now,非限制性定语从句中：,Tom studies hard and is ready to help others,which,his parents expect.,当先行词本身是,that,时：,Whats that,which,is flying in the sky?,先行词后有插入语时：,Here is the English grammar book,which,as Ive told you,will help improve your English.,that,和,which,的区别,2,2,、下面情况只用,that,不用,which,和,whom:,先行词为,much,little,none,someone,something,anything,all,the one,等不定代词。,I watched,all,the glasses,that,were on the table,fall off the table.,先行词有序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰。,The parks are,the clearest,parks,that,you can imagine,先行词被,the only,the very,the same,the last,just,等词修饰。,Corn was not,the only,food,that,was taken to Europe,先行词既有人，也有物。,They talked about,things and persons,that,they remembered,.,that,和,which,的区别,2,以,who/which,开头的疑问句。,Who is the person,that,you just talked with,?,先行词在主句中作表语关系词，在从句中作表语时。,The village is no longer the one,that,it was 5 years ago,.,在,there be,句型中，指物只用,that,。,There are many apples,that,are very delicious,.,先行词是,the way,或,the reason,时，,that,可作关系副词，也可省略,。,The reason is,that,he is unable to operate the machine,.,as,和,which,引导的定语从句,as,和,which,引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：,1,As,和,which,都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。,(1)He married her,as/which,was natural,.(2)He was honest,as/which,we can see,.,as,和,which,引导的定语从句,2.as,引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；,which,引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，,as,有,“,正如,，正像,”,的意思,(1),As,is known to all,China is a developing country.(2)He is from the south,as,we can see from his accent.(3)John,as,you know,is a famous writer.(4)He has been to Paris more than several times,which,I dont believe.,注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用,which,(5)Tom was always late for school,which,made his teacher angry.,as,和,which,引导的定语从句,3.,当先行,词,受,such,the same,修饰时，常用,as,(1)I have never heard,such,a story,as,he tells.(2)He is not,such,a fool,as,he looks.(3)This is the,same,book,as,I lost last week.,注意：当先行,词,由,the same,修饰时，偶尔也用,that,引导定语从句，但是和由,as,所引导的定语从句意思不同,(4)She wore the same dress,that,she wore at Marys wedding.,她穿着她在,Mary,婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。,(5)She wore the same dress,as,her young sister wore.,她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。,介词,+,关系代词引导的定语从句,关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由,介词,+,关系代词,引导,介词,的选用原则,：,根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。,This,is the book,on which,I spent 8 dollars.,This,is the book,for which,I paid 8 dollars,.,(2)根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。,I,remember,the day,on which,I joined the Party,.,I,remember,the days,during which,I lived there,介词,+,关系代词引导的定语从句,2.,若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用,whom,，不可用,who,或者,that,；指物时用,which,，不能用,that,；关系代词是所有格时用,whose,(1)The man,with whom,you talked is my friend.,(T),不可用,who/that,(2)The plane,in which,we flew to Canada is very comfortable.,(T),不可用,in that,3.当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用 which/that(指物),who/whom/that(指人)作从句中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。,(1),Dad is,a person,(whom/who/that),I can easily talk to.,(2),Is this,the play,(which/that),you were talking about just now?,介词,+,关系代词引导的定语从句,4.,含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：,look for,look after,take care of,等,。,(1)This is the watch,which/that,I am looking,for,.,(T),(2)This is the watch,for which,I am looking.,(F),5.,先行词是the way，意为“方式，方法”时