转换法在英译汉中

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,词性的转换1.,有动作意义的名词转换为汉语动词,Rockets have found,application,for,the exploration,of the universe.,火箭已找到了宇宙,探索,的,应用,。,火箭已经,用来探索,宇宙。,有动作意义的名词转换为汉语动词,Some power plants are under,construction.,几个发电厂正在,建造,中。,The,operation,of a machine needs some knowledge of its performance.,操作,机器需要懂得机器的一些性能。,有动作意义的名词转换为汉语动词,The,expansion,of the steam in the cylinder causes some of the steam to condense.,蒸汽在汽缸中,膨胀,时，部分蒸汽冷凝。,I am afraid I cant teach you swimming.I think my little brother is a better,teacher,than I.,我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我,教,得好。,2.动名词转换为汉语动词,One of our ways for,getting,heat is,burning,fuels.,我们,获得,热的一种方法是,燃烧,燃料。,Heating,water does not change its chemical composition.,把水,加热,不会改变水的化学成分。,3.,形容词转换为汉语动词,Doctors have said that they are not,sure,they can save his life.,医生们说他们不敢,肯定,能否救得了他的命。,They are quite,content,with the data obtained from the experiment.,他们十分,满足,于试验中获得的数据。,形容词转换为汉语动词,If we were,ignorant,of the structure of the atom,it would be impossible for us to study nuclear physics.,如果我们,不知道,原子的结构，就不可能研究核子物理学。,形容词转换为汉语动词,afraid,害怕、担心,anxious,渴望,certain,确信,doubtful,怀疑,形容词转换为汉语动词,aware,觉察,ashamed,惭愧,careful,当心、注意,delighted,喜欢,形容词转换为汉语动词,glad,高兴,sorry,可惜、遗憾,uncertain,不能确定,familiar,熟悉,形容词转换为汉语动词,ignorant,不知道,thankful,感谢,confident,深信,content,满足,4.,介词转换为汉语动词,“,Coming!”Away she skimmed,over,the lawn,up,the path,up,the step,across,the veranda,and,into,the porch.,“,来啦！“她转身蹦着跳着跑了，,越,过草地，,跑,上小径，,跨,上台阶，,穿,过阳台，,进,了门廊。,5.,副词转换为汉语动词,Their experiment has been,over.,他们的试验已经,结束,了。,Have the oiling of the parts,through,before the machine is operated.,在开动机器之前，要把部件的上油工作,做,完,。,6.,动词转换为汉语名词,Gases,differ,from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the latter.,气体和固体的,区别,，在于前者比后者有更大的压缩性。,7.,形容词转换为汉语名词,After careful treatment the,deaf,have recovered their hearing.,经过悉心治疗后，,聋人,恢复了他们的听觉。,More rooms are being built to accommodate the,sick,.,正在建造更多的病房来收容,病员,。,8.,名词转换为形容词,英语中有些抽象名词前加不定冠词，用作表语时，常译作汉语中的形容词。,He is a,stranger,to the operation of the electronic computer.,他对电子计算机的操作是,陌生的,。,9.副词转换为汉语形容词,The wide application of electronic computers affects,tremendously,the development of science and technology.,电子计算机的广泛应用，对科学技术的发展有,极大的,影响。,10.,形容词转换为汉语副词,We must make,full,use of existing technical equipment.,我们必须,充分,利用现有的技术设备。,We have made a,careful,study of the properties of these chemical elements.,我们,仔细地,研究了这些化学元素的特性。,句子成分的转换,1.,动词宾语转换为汉语主语,An automobile must have a,brake,with high efficiency.,汽车的,煞车,必须高度有效。,Water has a,density,of 62.4 pounds per cubic foot.,水的,密度,是每立方英尺,62.4,磅。,2.,介词宾语转换为汉语主语,A helicopter is different from an airplane in,construction,.,直升飞机的,结构,跟普通飞机不同。,Atoms differ in their,atomic weights,.,各种原子的,原子量,是各不相同的。,Water is variable in,coefficient of expansion,.,水的,膨胀系数,是可变的。,3.,主语转换为汉语宾语,The,molecules,are held together by attractive forces.,引力把,分子,聚集在一起。,Water,is usually considered as a compound of two elements.,通常把,水,看作两种元素的化合物。,4.,主语转换为汉语定语,Various substances,differ widely in their magnetic characteristics.,各种材料,的磁特性有很大的不同。,Softwood trees,have thin,needle-like leaves.,软材料,的叶片纤细，呈针状。,5.,主语转换为汉语谓语,当主语为动作名词，而谓语为系动词或make,take之类动词的被动语态时，可将主语译为谓语，并采用无人称句的格式；,Precautions,are necessary to prevent it from burning.,必须注意,不要让它烧着。,Attempts,were made to develop a new technique for breeding rice variety.,曾试图,研究出一种培育水稻品种的新技术。,6.,主语转换为汉语状语,主语较短，并含有状语意义时，可改译为状语，并采用无人称句的格式。如：,These,circumstances,make difficult to find site on which to carry out experiment.,由于这些环境条件,，难以找到进行试验的场所。,Computer,battles bugs.,用计算机,防治害虫。,7.,转换为,外位语,成分,概念：在汉语中，独立于句外，同时又和句,中的某个成分指同一事物或同一概念,的成分叫做外位语。,作用：突出某一事物或某一概念，以引起别,人的注意;,简化复杂的长句，使之结构严谨，条,理清楚，意思明了。,外位语,实现现代化,，,这,是我们今后相当长时间的中心工作,。,“,实现现代化,”用于句外，跟句中的主语“,这,”指同一概念，“,实现现代化,”,就是外位语。,外位语,Liquid water changes to vapor,which is called evaporation.,液态水变成水蒸气，,这,就叫蒸发。,8.,表语转换为汉语主语,The commonly employed forms of energy are,kinetic energy and heat energy.,动能和热能,是通常使用的能的形式。,Systematic knowledge possessed as a result of study or practice is,science.,科学,是由研究或实践中所获得的系统的知识。,9.,状语转换为汉语主语,Throughout the world,come into use the same signs and symbols of mathematics.,全世界,通用同样的数学记号和符号。,Now,heat is being added,to the substance,.,现在,这种物质,正在加热。,状语转换为汉语主语,High-quality machines of various types are produced,in our country.,我国,生产各种类型的优质机器。,1,任何场合，只要他一露面，就算是成功了。,2,他既有藏书癖，又爱好书法。,3,他们不满足于现有的成绩。,4,千百万山区人终于摆脱了贫困。,5,我非常感激父亲，因为在我小时候他总是不断地鼓励我。,6,我建议他立刻戒烟。,7,国与国之间不同的社会制度不应该,妨碍,彼此的合作。,8,外国朋友很,喜欢,这些手工艺品。,9,无数的弃权是法国竞选的,特点,。,10,他很,有口才,，很,有风度,，但有的时候,有点软弱,。,11,他口才很好，还,精通,政治哲学。,(,他擅长演说，,深谙,政治哲学,),12,简单地说，他开始觉得琼斯的神经大概已经,完全失常,了。,13,我能很好地了解过去，我对事实也看得很清楚,14,他对这城市完全,陌生,，所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助,15,只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就,本能地,要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。,