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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,污染源自动监控现场端,常见问题及核查方法,卢诰宇,污染源自动监控管理办法,第三条中明确：自动监控系统，由自动监控设备和监控中心组成。,自动监控设备是指在污染源现场安装的用于监控、监测污染物排放的仪器、流量（速）计、污染治理设施运行记录仪和数据采集传输仪等仪器、仪表，是污染防治设施的组成部分。,监控中心是指环境保护部门通过通信传输线路与自动监控设备连接用于对重点污染源实施自动监控的计算机软件和设备等。,目前实际操作中，基本是以数采仪为界，数采仪前（包括数采仪）为现场端，数采仪后为监控中心。,此处主要对现场端的问题进行探讨。,问题产生的根源可分为两类：客观原因和主观原因。,客观原因：现场安装条件、仪器的精度和稳定性、复杂的污染物条件（高氯、高悬浮物、高粉尘、高腐蚀）、设备老化、设备环境、传输通道稳定性（偏远地区通过无线传输）等。,主观原因：企业的意识，运维人员责任心和技术水平、激励和惩罚机制（在线产权和运营商的独立运营）、运维经费限制、监管人员技术水平等。,检查目的：检查自动监控设备是否正常运行。,根本依据：系统性能能否满足标准的要求。,判定方法：根据标准，对系统进行性能检测。,主要有两种：一种是利用标准样品（质控样）进行判断；一种是与手工方法数据进行对比。,水污染源自动监控系统,主要监测指标：,COD,、氨氮、流量。,基本结构：采样和预处理单元、分析单元、数据采集和传输单元。,各单元常见的问题和检查方法。,污染源自动监控现场端核查方法,-,定稿,.pdf,大气污染源自动监控系统,主要监测指标：,SO2,、,NOx,、粉尘、氧含量、其他烟气参数如氧含量、温压流等。,基本结构：采样和预处理单元、分析单元、数据采集和传输单元。,各单元常见的问题和检查方法。,污染源自动监控现场端核查方法,-,定稿,.pdf,现场检查的顺序,采样位置的选择,采样管路,预处理系统,分析仪器,数据采集和传输,关键点的把握,1,、特征工况。（开停机、负荷变化、水量时变化特征等）,2,、特殊时段。（反吹、标定）,3,、特征值。（硫分,-SO2,浓度关系、风量,-,负荷关系等）,结 语,上述的内容是我们在日常工作中碰到的一些问题的总结，还有很多遗漏甚至谬误的地方。有的内容，目前业内也还有很多不同的意见，还有许多值得讨论的地方。欢迎各位同仁批评指正，我们不胜感谢！,谢 谢,!,超声波明渠流量计利用超声波探头测定量水堰槽液位的原理测定流量。,量水堰槽是否规范，是能否准确测定流量的关键。,常见的量水堰槽包括：三角堰、矩形堰、巴歇尔槽。,类别,序号,喉道段,收缩段,扩散段,墙高,b,L,N,B1,L1,La,B2,L2,K,D,小,型,1,0.025,0.076,0.029,0.167,0.356,0.237,0.093,0.203,0.019,0.23,2,0.051,0.114,0.043,0.214,0.406,0.271,0.135,0.254,0.022,0.26,3,0.076,0.152,0.057,0.259,0.457,0.305,0.178,0.305,0.025,0.46,4,0.152,0.305,0.114,0.400,0.610,0.407,0.394,0.610,0.076,0.61,5,0.228,0.305,0.114,0.575,0.864,0.576,0.381,0.457,0.076,0.77,标,准,型,6,0.25,0.60,0.23,0.78,1.325,0.883,0.55,0.92,0.08,0.80,7,0.30,0.60,0.23,0.84,1.350,0.902,0.60,0.92,0.08,0.95,8,0.45,0.60,0.23,1.02,1.425,0.948,0.75,0.92,0.08,0.95,9,0.60,0.60,0.23,1.20,1.500,1.0,0.90,0.92,0.08,0.95,10,0.75,0.60,0.23,1.38,1.575,1.053,1.05,0.92,0.08,0.95,11,0.90,0.60,0.23,1.56,1.650,1.099,1.20,0.92,0.08,0.95,12,1.00,0.60,0.23,1.68,1.705,1.139,1.30,0.92,0.08,1.0,13,1.20,0.60,0.23,1.92,1.800,1.203,1.50,0.92,0.08,1.0,14,1.50,0.60,0.23,2.28,1.95,1.303,1.80,0.92,0.08,1.0,15,1.80,0.60,0.23,2.64,2.10,1.399,2.10,0.92,0.08,1.0,16,2.10,0.60,0.23,3.00,2.25,1.504,2.40,0.92,0.08,1.0,17,2.40,0.60,0.23,3.36,2.40,1.604,2.70,0.92,0.08,1.0,大,型,18,3.05,0.91,0.343,4.76,4.27,1.794,3.68,1.83,0.152,1.22,19,3.66,0.91,0.343,5.61,4.88,1.991,4.47,2.44,0.152,1.52,20,4.57,1.22,0.457,7.62,7.62,2.295,5.59,3.05,0.229,1.83,21,6.10,1.83,0.686,9.14,7.62,2.785,7.32,3.66,0.305,2.13,22,7.62,1.83,0.686,10.67,7.62,3.383,8.94,3.96,0.305,2.13,23,9.14,1.83,0.686,12.31,7.93,3.785,10.57,4.27,0.305,2.13,24,12.19,1.83,0.686,15.48,8.23,4.785,13.82,4.88,0.305,2.13,25,15.24,1.83,0.686,18.53,8.23,5.776,17.27,6.10,0.305,2.13,巴歇尔槽结构尺寸参数,每,种类型的量水堰槽，都有自己的固定水位,-,流量对应关系。计算水位,-,流量关系时，三角堰要求要有,渠道宽,B,、,开口角度,、,上游堰坎高,p,的参数；矩形堰要有,渠道宽,B,、,开口宽,b,、,上游堰坎高,p,的参数；巴歇尔槽只要求有,喉道宽度,的参数,b,。,量水堰,槽的,水位,-,流量关系,可以从国家计量检定规程,明渠堰槽流量计,JJG711-90,中查到。,类,别,序,号,喉道宽度,b(m),流量公式,Q=Cha,n,(L/S),水位范围,h(m),流量范围,Q(L/S),临界淹没度,%,最小,最大,最小,最大,小,型,1,0.025,60.4ha,1.55,0.015,0.21,0.09,5.4,0.5,2,0.051,120.7ha,1.55,0.015,0.24,0.18,13.2,0.5,3,0.076,177.1ha,1.55,0.03,0.33,0.77,32.1,0.5,4,0.152,381.2ha,1.54,0.03,0.45,1.50,111.0,0.6,5,0.228,535.4ha,1.53,0.03,0.60,2.5,251,0.6,标,准,型,6,0.25,561ha,1.513,0.03,0.60,3.0,250,0.6,7,0.30,679ha,1.521,0.03,0.75,3.5,400,0.6,8,0.45,1038ha,1.537,0.03,0.75,4.5,630,0.6,9,0.60,1403ha,1.548,0.05,0.75,12.5,850,0.6,10,0.75,1772ha,1.557,0.06,0.75,25.0,1100,0.6,11,0.90,2147ha,1.565,0.06,0.75,30.0,1250,0.6,12,1.00,2397ha,1.569,0.06,0.80,30.0,1500,0.7,13,1.20,2904ha,1.577,0.06,0.80,35.0,2000,0.7,14,1.50,3668ha,1.586,0.06,0.80,45.0,2500,0.7,15,1.80,4440ha,1.593,0.08,0.80,80.0,3000,0.7,16,2.10,5222ha,1.599,0.08,0.80,95.0,3600,0.7,17,2.40,6004ha,1.605,0.08,0.80,100.0,4000,0.7,大,型,18,3.05,7463ha,1.6,0.09,1.07,160.0,8280,0.8,19,3.66,8859ha,1.6,0.09,1.37,190.0,14680,0.8,20,4.57,10960ha,1.6,0.09,1.67,230.0,25040,0.8,21,6.10,14450ha,1.6,0.09,1.83,310.0,37970,0.8,22,7.62,17940ha,1.6,0.09,1.83,380.0,47160,0.8,23,9.14,21440ha,1.6,0.09,1.83,460.0,56330,0.8,24,12.19,28430ha,1.6,0.09,1.83,600.0,74700,0.8,25,15.24,35410ha,1.6,0.09,1.83,750.0,93040,0.8,巴歇尔槽水位,-,流量公式,
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