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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,CH 9,Payment Methods(1),Remittance,What is Payment Methods(,支付方式),Payment,methods will combine,payment tools,(cash and instrument)with various trade terms (Incoterms) or(and) different commercial documents.,Payment methods tell us how to finish payment with instruments.,Major payment methods are,remittance,(汇付),collection,(托收),,letter of credit,(信用证),,Forfeiting and letter of guarantee,(福费庭和保函)。,Different payment methods represent different risks or credit to the traders because they can make the time of payment either before, after or at the same time as the time of delivery.,Classification of payment methods,1.according to payment tool,Cash settlement,Non-cash settlement,2.according to credit standing,Trade credit Remittance,Collection,Bank credit Letter of credit,Factoring,Letter of guarantee,3.according to the direction of the movement of the instrument in relation to that of the funds flow,Remittance,Reverse Remittance,一、,Definition,of,Remittance,Remittance refers to a bank(the remitting bank), at the request of its customer (the remitter), transfers a certain sum of money to its overseas branch or correspondent bank(the paying bank) instructing it to pay to a named person (the payee/beneficiary) domiciled in that country.,Remittance is used for the settlement of both commercial and non-commercial settlements.,三、,Introduction,of,Remittance,汇付,又称汇款,是银行,(,汇出行,),应汇款人,(,债务人,),的要求,以一定的方式将一定的金额,以其国外联行或代理行作为付款银行,(,汇入行,),付给收款人,(,债权人,),的一种结算方式。,-,汇款方式不仅运用于贸易和非贸易,凡属外汇资金的调拨都可以采用这种方式,所以它是外汇银行的一项主要业务。,二、,Parties in Remittance,1,、,Remitter(,汇款人),2,、,Remitting Bank,(汇出行),3,、,Receiving Bank /Paying Bank,(汇入行或解付行),4,、,Payee or Beneficiary,(收款行),1,、,Remitter(,汇款人),-The party who will make the payment.,-Person who requires his bank to remit funds to the beneficiary in a foreign country.,-buyer and importer,2,、,Remitting Bank(,汇出行),-The bank who remits the funds at the request of a remitter to the paying bank and instructs the latter to pay a certain of money to a beneficiary.,-Importers bank,3,、,paying bank(,解付行,)/Receiving Bank(,汇入行,),-A paying bank is the bank entrusted by the remitting bank to pay a certain sum of money to a beneficiary.,-The paying bank usually locates in the same city as that of the exporter and is often the exporters bank in international trade.,4,、,Payee/Beneficiary (,收款人,/,受益人,),-Is the person who is addressed to receive the funds by remittance.,-Is the exporter in international trade.,三、,Types of remittance and procedure,办理汇款业务时,汇款人需要向汇出行提交汇款申请资料,汇出行按申请书的指示,,使用某种通讯和操作系统(如,swift,、电传、电报、汇票等)通知汇入行,汇入行按照收到的指示,,办理向收款人的解付入帐手续。,According to different ways to give,payment instruction,remittance can be classified as:,1 remittance by telegraphic transfer(T/T),电汇,2 remittance by bankers demand draft(D/D),票汇,3 remittance by airmail(M/T),信汇,汇款种类,电汇,(T/T),电报,电传,SWIFT,安全、可靠、迅速、受款快,但费用高,信汇,(M/T),信汇委托书,(M/T Advice),支付委托书(,payment order,),费用低、收款慢、结算时间长,票汇,(D/D),银行即期汇票,汇款人自行将汇票传递给收款人,汇票须经收款人背书后方可流通,收款人可自行将汇票向汇入行收款。,按照我国目前的外汇管理规定,汇款人需要向汇出行提交证明其交易真实性的商业单据和有效凭证,银行按照真实性和一致性原则审核无误后,方可办理汇款手续,,2006,年国家外汇管理局将各家银行的汇出汇款申请书的格式进行统一,包括境外汇联申请书和境内汇款申请书,前者用于办理外汇资金的款跨境支付,后者用于外汇资金的境内划拨 (见附件,9-1,), 2,电汇汇款,Telegraphic Transfer ( T/T),一、,Definition,Telegraphic Transfer ( T/T),The remitting bank ,at the request of the remitter, transfers funds by means of cable/telex/SWIFT message to the paying bank, asking the latter to pay a certain sum of money to the beneficiary.,二、,Flow chart of Telegraphic Transfer, T/T,资金,PO+BT instruction,with test key,by T/T,汇款人填写汇款申请书,申请书上选择电汇方式,交款付费。,汇出行收妥资金,将申请书第二联作为电汇回执退还汇款人。,加押电报、电传、或,SWIFT,发出电汇委托书,汇入行核对密押后,缮制电汇通知书,(T/T adv.),通知收款人收款,收款人收到通知书后在收据联上盖章,交汇入行。,汇入行解付汇款给收款人。,汇入行将付讫通知书交汇出行。,Receiving /paying Bank,Remitting Bank,Buyer/remitter,Seller/payee,三、电报或电传方式的汇款应具备下列内容,FM: (,汇出行名称),TO: (,汇入行名称),DATE: (,发电日期),TEST(,密押),OUR REF NO._(,汇款编号),NO ANY CHARGES FOR US (,我行不负担费用),PAY (,AMT,) VALUE (,DATE,) (,付款金额、起息日 ),TO (BENEFICIARY) (,收款人),MESSAGE_(,汇款附言),ORDER_(,汇款人),COVER_(,头寸拨付),Sample of cable/telex Transfer,FM,:,BANK OF ASIA,,,TIANJIN,TO,:,THE HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORP.,,,HONGKONG,DATE,:,1ST MARCH,TEST,1253 OUR,REF,.208TT0517 NO ANY CHARGES FOR US PAY USD20000,VALUE 1ST MARCH TO YOUR HAY WAY BUILDING BRANCH 58 ST. STANLEY HONGKONG FOR A/C NO.004-110-106028-001,FAVOUR,PRECISION PHOTO EQUIPMENT LTD. HONGKONG,MESSAGE,CONTRACT NO.P10158,ORDER,PHOTO GRAPH CO. TIANJIN,COVER,DEBIT OUR HO ACCOUNT,账户行,汇出行,汇入行,In cover, we have credited your a/c with us.,账户行,汇出行,汇入行,In cover, please debit our a/c with you.,四、采用,SWIFT,的电汇方式,适用于汇款的,SWIFT,格式,报文格式,MT,格式名称,名称描述,MT103,客户汇款,要求调拨资金,MT200,单笔金融机构头寸调拨至发报行自己帐户,请求将发报行的头寸调拨至其他金融机构的该行帐户上,MT201,多笔金融机构头寸调拨到它自己的账户上,多笔,MT200,MT202,单笔普通金融机构头寸调拨,请求在金融机构之间的头寸调拨,MT203,多笔普通金融机构头寸调拨,多笔,MT202,MT204,金融市场直接借记电文,用于向,SWIFT,会员银行索款,MT205,金融机构头寸调拨执行,国内转汇请求,MT210,收款通知,通知收报行将受到头寸记在发报行账户上,MT100 CUSTOMER TRANSFER,Date 960930,sent to CHAS US 33 REM,Chase Manhattan N.A. New York, N.Y.,:20/transaction reference number TT109900/96,:32A/value date, currency code, amount,960930 USD 200,000.00,:50/ordering customer,CHINA INTERNATIONAL WATER AND ELECTRONI CORP BEIJING,:57/account with bank, BANQUE NATIONALE DE TUNISIE TUNIS,:59/beneficiary customer / Y10-0127-033254,CORPORATION INTERNATIONAL DES EAUX ET DE IELECTRICITE DE CHINE,:70/details of payment, REMIT FOR CUSTOMER DUTY ETC,:71A/details of charges, FOR BENEFICIARY,:72/bank to bank information, COVER DEBIT US,Sample of SWIFT message,3,信汇汇款,Remittance by Airmail(M/T),一、,Definition,The remitting bank,at the request of the remitter,transfers the funds by means of sending/posting a payment instruction to the paying bank, asking the latter to pay a certain sum of money to the payee.,In M/T, the payment instruction can take the form of Mail Transfer Advice or Mail Transfer Payment Order or Debit Advice.,二、,Flow chart of M/T,资金,PO+BT,instruction(,两人双签,),汇款人填写汇款申请书,申请书上选择信汇方式,交款付费。,汇款人取得信汇回执。,汇出行根据申请书制作信汇委托书,航寄汇入行,汇入行核对签字无误,将委托书的第二联信汇通知书及第三、四联收据正副本一并通知收款人。,收款人收到通知书后在收据联上盖章,交汇入行。,汇入行解付汇款给收款人。,汇入行将付讫通知书寄给汇出行。,Buyer/remitter,Seller/payee,Remitting Bank,Receiving/paying Bank,三、信汇委托书式样,中国银行广州分行,BANK OF CHINA,,,GUANGZHOU BRANCH,下列付款,请即照解,如有费用请内扣,我已贷记你行帐户。,日期,GUANGZHOU,Please advise and effect the following,payment less your charges if any. In,cover,we have CREDIT youre A/C with us,至此,TO,大写金额,Amount in Words:,汇款人,By order of,附言,Message,:,中国银行广州分行,BANK OF CHINA,,,GUANGZHOU,No.,of Mail transfer,信汇号码,收款人,To be paid to,金额,Amount,四、支付委托书式样,中国银行支付委托书,BANK,OF,CHINA,PAYMENT,ORDER,GuangZhou,支付委托书号码,No.,of,payment,order,收款人,To be paid of Credited to,金额,Amount,大写金额,Amount,in,words,:,汇款人 附言,By,order,of,Remarks,You are authorized to debit,our account with you,We,have,credited,youre A/C,with,us.,致,To,4,票汇汇款,Remittance by Bankers Demand Draft,一、,Definition,The remitting bank,at the request of the remitter,draws,a bill of exchange on the paying bank ordering,the latter to,pay on demand,a certain sum of money,to the beneficiary,who will also be the payee of the draft.,二、,Flow chart of D/D,资金,汇款人填写汇款申请书,申请书上选择票汇方式,交款付费。,汇出行收妥资金,作为出票行开立,银行即期汇票,交汇款人。,汇款人将汇票自行寄收款人。,汇出行将汇款通知书(票根)寄汇入行凭此与收款人提交的汇票进行核对。,收款人向汇入行提示银行即期汇票。,汇入行凭票解付汇款给收款人。,汇入行将付讫通知书寄给汇出行。,Buyer/remitter,Remitting Bank,Seller/payee,Receiving/paying Bank,银行即期汇票,票汇和信汇一样需要邮寄,耗时长,但由于汇票本身是一张独立的票据,可以对其进行背书而实现流通和转让(不可转让汇票除外)。收款人可以向任何一家愿意接受汇票的银行转让汇票而获得资金。,4,汇款头寸的调拨和退汇,Reimbursement of Remittance Cover,&,Cancellation of the Remittance,一、汇款头寸的调拨,Reimbursement of Remittance Cover,汇款的偿付,俗称拨头寸,,是指汇出行在办理汇出汇款业务时,应及时将汇款金额拨交给其委托解付汇款的汇入行的行为。一般在进行汇款时,在汇款通知书上须写明偿付指示。如汇出行在汇入行有账户,则只需授权汇入行借记其账户;汇入行在汇出行有账户,则汇出行在发出汇款通知书时须先贷记汇入行在汇出行的账户。如果汇出行和汇入行之间没有建立直接的账户往来关系,则需要其它银行的加入,以便代汇入行拨付或偿付资金给解付行,及代解付行收款人帐户所偿收款。,二、账户行之间的直接转帐,1、主动贷记,(Credit),。汇入行在汇出行开有账户,汇出行则在发出汇款通知书之前,主动将相应头寸贷记(,Credit,)汇入行的账户,并在汇款通知书中注明,即写明如下偿付指示:,In cover,We have credited youre A/C with us,P/O+B/T instruction: In Cover, we have,credit your a/c with us,寄出贷记报告单称已贷记汇入行账户,Credit Advice: your A/C credited,账户行,开户行,Remitting Bank,ICBC,Paying Bank,CityBank,2、,授权借记。如果,汇出行在汇入行开有账户,,汇出行则应在发出汇款通知书时,授权汇入行借记,(,Be authorized to Debit),相应金额在其处的帐户。即其偿付指示为:,In cover, please debit our A/C with you.,P/O+B/T instruction: In Cover, please,debit our A/C with you,寄出借记报告单称已借记汇入行账户,Debit advice: you A/C debited,开户行,账户行,Remitting Bank,ICBC,Paying Bank,CityBank,三、共同账户行转账,汇出行和汇入行相互之间没有往来账户,在同一代理行开立往来账户(共同账户行)。偿付汇款时,主动通知代理行将款项拨付汇入行在该代理行的账户。偿付指示如:,“,In cover,,,We have authorized,xx,Bank(,共同账户行),to debit our account and credit the above sum to your account with them。,在这种偿付方式中,汇出行要同时通知两家银行,即汇入行和账户行,因此手续较多。帐户行根据汇出行的通知转账后,还要通知汇入行。这样,一笔业务就需要有两个信息传递时间。,开户行, Payment Order: In cover,,,We have authorized HSBC,to debit our A/C and credit your A/C with them,开户行,Paying Bank,City Bank,共同账户行,HSBC, B/T instruction: authorizing to debit,ICBC A/C and credit the sum to City bank A/C,寄出贷记报告单称已贷记汇入行账户,Credit Advice: your A/C credited,寄出借记报告单称已借记汇入行账户,Debit advice: you A/C debited,Remitting Bank,ICBC,四、各自账户行转帐,汇出行和汇入行相互之间没有往来账户,但他们各自的账户行之间有账户往来时,为了偿付,汇出行可在汇款时主动通知其代理行将款项拨付给汇入行在其代理行的账户。汇出行应在支付委托书上作偿付指示:,In cover, we have instructed A bank to pay the proceeds to youre A/C with B bank.(,作为偿付,我行一授权,A,银行支付款项入你行在,B,银行所开立的账户,),,汇入行接到汇款时,使用汇来的头寸,解付给收款人。, Payment Order: In cover,,,We have authorized HSBC,to debit our A/C and credit your A/C with BNP,Paying Bank,City Bank,汇入行账户行,BNP paribas,B/T instruction: authorizing to debit,ICBC A/Cc and credit to BNPs A/C through which to transfer it to City Bank,寄出借记报告单,Debit Advice: your A/C debited,Remitting Bank,ICBC,汇出行账户行,HSBC,寄出贷记报告单,Credit Advice: your A/C credited,寄出贷记报告单,Credit advice: you A/C credited,二、汇款的退汇,Cancellation of the remittance,汇款人或收款人某一方,在汇款解付前要求撤销该笔汇款。,1、因收款人名称、账户、地址不清等原因而无法解付汇入款超过3个月,银行将主动退汇;,2、汇出行提出退汇的,若查明头寸确已收妥,且汇款未解付的,可办理退汇;若已解付,由汇款人直接与收款人联系退汇事宜;,3、因收款人拒收要求办理退汇的,应由收款人说明原因,经银行查实同意,退还原汇出行。,1.Cancellation of mail transfer or telegraphic transfer,M/T or T/T,can be cancelled before its payment is made.,It is usually done at the request of the remitter or the payee who refuses to receive the payment.,Whenever the paying bank receive an advice from the remitting bank to cancel the latters payment order, it will do so accordingly.,Once the payment has been made, the remittance cannot be cancelled. The remitter himself may contact the payee to claim back the remittance payment.,2.Cancellation of a bank draft already issued,汇款人在寄出回票前,可由汇款人持原汇票到汇出行申请办理退回手续。汇出行应发函通知汇入行将有关汇票通知书(或票根)注销寄回。若汇款人已将汇票寄出才要求退汇,汇出行为维护银行票据的信誉,一般不予接受。,如汇款人将汇票遗失或汇票被窃,应办理挂失止付手续,并由汇款人向汇出行出具认陪保证书,保证万一发生重付,由汇款人负责赔偿银行因此遭受的损失。随后汇出行即可通知汇入行挂失止付,待汇入行书面确认后,汇出行可以办理补发汇票的手续。,5,汇款在国际贸易中的应用,一、汇款的三种类型,1,、预付货款(,payment in advance),预付货款是进口商(付款人)在出口商(收款人)将货物或货运单据交付以前将货款的全部或者一部分通过银行汇付给出口商,出口商收到货款后,再根据约定发运货物。预付货款是对进口商而言,对出口商来说则是预收货款。,出口商可以无偿占用对方资金,且不承担风险。,预付货款有利于出口商,不利于进口商。,2,、货到付款(,payment after arrival of goods),货到付款与预付货款相反,它是进口商在收到货物后,立即或一定时期以后再付款给出口商的一种结算方式。也被称为延期付款,或赊销(,Sold on credit,或,Open,account,O/A)。,出口商的资金被占用,同时承担较大风险(进口商不付款或不足额付款),货到付款有利于进口商而不利于出口商,货到付款的类型,(1),售定(,be sold out),是进出口商达成协议,规定出口商先发货,再由进口商按合同规定的货物售价和付款时间进行汇款的一种结算方式,即“先出后结”。广东、广西、福建等省经常有活鲜商品如牛、羊、猪、鸡、鸭、鱼、鲜花、蔬菜等对港澳出口,因时间性强,出口商采用活鲜商品随到随出,提单随船代交进口商的方式。这便于提货,不致积压,并按实际收到的货物汇付货款结算。,(,2,)寄售(,sold on consignment),是指出口方将货物运往国外,委托国外商人按照事先商定的条件在当地市场上代为销售,待货物售出以后,国外商人将扣除佣金和有关费用的货款再汇给出口商的结算方法。,3,、凭单付汇或交单付现,remittance against document,or cash against documents (CAD),凭单付汇是进口商通过银行将款项汇给出口商所在地银行(汇入行),并指示该行凭出口商提供的某些商业单据或某种装运证明即可付款给出口商。,因为汇款是可以撤销的,在汇款尚未被支取之前,汇款人随时可以通知汇款行将汇款退回,所以出口商在收到银行的汇款通知后,应尽快发货,尽快交单,尽快收汇。,交单付现对双方都有一定的保证作用,即对出口商和进口商都比较公平。,汇款方式运用的特点,1、风险大。,预付贷款或货到付款依据的都是商业信用。对于预付货款的买方及货到付款的卖方来说,一旦付了款或发了货就失去了制约对方的手段,他们能否收货或收款,完全依赖对方的信用,如果对方信用不好,很可能银货两空。因而汇款只在国际贸易结算的一些特殊场合和情况下使用。,2、资金负担不平衡。,对于预付货款的买方及货到付款的卖方来说,资金负担较重,整个交易过程中需要的资金,几乎全部由他们来提供。对于出口商来说,货到付款弄不好还会出现钱货两空的情况。,3、手续简便,费用少。,汇款支付方式的手续是最简单的,就像一笔没有相对给付的非贸易业务,银行的手续费也最少,只有一笔数额很少的汇款手续费。因此在交易双方相互信任的情况下,或者在跨国公司的不同子公司之间,用汇款支付方式是最理想的。因此,汇款方式尽管有不足之处,但在国际贸易结算中还时有运用。,案例,9-1,一、案情介绍,我国甲外贸公司与香港乙商社首次签订一宗买卖合同,合同规定中方提供一批货物,进口商用即期不可撤销信用证方式付款。合同规定开证日期为装船前一个月,但届时并未收到进口商开来的有关信用证。几经催促进口商始告知,“,证已开出,”,。装船前十天,中方仍未收到香港乙商社信用证的踪影,经再次查询,对方以,“,因开证行与本公司所在地的银行无业务代理关系,证已开,至与其有业务关系的异地银行,由他们转递至出口地的银行,”,为由拖延开证。此时,船期临近,报检、报关、租船、定舱等工作都急需用证。,在多次催促下,在货物装运前四天才收到信用证。审证后发现有多处与合同条款不符需修改。港商在与中方签订合同后,又将该批货物转售给加拿大一客商,原合同规定由中方直接将货装于开往加拿大的货船,而此航线每月只有一班,若赶不上本月船期,只有拖至下个月,这样就不仅使中方准备好的货物要存放一个月,,而且还将耽误收汇,并产生利息损失,故中方立即电催对方改证。由于时间太紧,改证已来不及,而在信用证支付方式下,信用证又有问题,中方无法照办,将可能造成单证不符,致使信用证项下出口不能安全收汇。在中方坚持不修改好信用证不能装船的情况下,港商提出用汇款方式进行结算。鉴于以上情况,中方同意,并请其先把汇款凭证传真给我们,在收到货款后再发货。第二天,港商便传来了银行的汇款凭证(银行汇票),中方业务人员把传真送财务部门并转银行审核,经核对签字无误。,此时,中国港口及运输部门又多次催促装箱、装船。中方有关人员认为款既已汇出,不必等款到再发货,否则错过装船期影响装运,于是即装船,并及时发出装船电。发货后一个月,财务人员查询时发现出了问题。原来港商在中方要求改好证才能装货的情况下,到银行买了张银行汇票传真过来作为汇款凭证,中方业务人员不了解情况。港商就利用一张有银行签字的汇票促使中方发货,待收到装船电后,便立即把本应寄给中方的正本汇票退回银行,撤销这笔汇款,致使中方公司钱、货两空,损失惨重。,上述案例是由于我国甲外贸公司不熟悉票汇的业务操作流程,误认为收到正本汇票或复印件就等于收到货款并将货物发出。其实香港乙商社就是利用这一点,待我国甲外贸公司发货后马上将汇票交与开立汇票的银行,将汇票撤销,然后逃之夭夭,致使我国甲外贸公司落入钱、货两空的结局。,二、预付货款下出口商风险防范,(一)慎重选择贸易伙伴,做好对贸易伙伴的资信调查工作。一般情况下,预付货款中的进口商对出口商的资信会进行周密的调查,在确信预付货款中出口商能按时出运合同规定的货物时才能选择使用。但事实上,预付货款中的出口商对进口商的资信也必须进行周密的调查,只有在确信进口商的预付货款到帐后才能交货或交单,因为预付货款并不等于货款已到帐。,(二)明确规定合同中预付条款,最好选择我国银行的海外分支机构作为汇出行。采用预付货款,合同条款应订明:在买卖合同订立后一定时间内,进口商以何种汇款方式如信汇、电汇或票汇将货款通过银行交付出口商,出口商收款后交货;或在装运月开始前一定时间,进口商通过一定的方式将货款汇到出口商。这里特别应该注意的是:汇款的到达时间应以出口商取得货款的时间为准;如采用票汇,则收到票据的时间应与交货时间相衔接并留有适当余地,而且应把托收票款的时间因素考虑在内,在收到票款后方能发货。,由于各个银行的规模、实力和信誉不同,也不排除进口商与汇出行相互勾结,因此最好选择我国银行的海外分支机构作为汇出行,随时了解进口商的动态,以保证安全收汇。,(三)明确收到汇款收据、汇款凭证、取款通知书不等于收到货款。,信汇、电汇方式通常由进口商向银行提出申请,银行受理后,开出电汇收据或信汇收据交给付款人(进口商),进口商马上将电汇收据或信汇收据传真给出口商,要求寄出运输单据或立即电放货物。,这种情况下一方面进口商可以通过蓄意伪造或涂改电汇凭证,谎称已支付或汇出货款,企图诱使出口商发货,以骗取其出口货物,而使用的所谓,“,汇款凭证,”,可能只是一些加盖银行假印章的进账单,或者经过涂改、变造的汇款委托书传真件等;另一方面即使信汇、电汇收据,经核实是真实的,出口商也切莫以为收到银行付款的收据就等同收到货款,若向进口商交付正本提单,则进口商可能会在收到正本提单后,立即撤销这笔汇款,逃避付款责任。,在信汇、电汇业务中,出口商切莫一收到汇入行的取款通知书,便马上装货、制单并向进口商交单,而后才凭取款通知书向汇入行取款,此时汇款可能早已被汇款人撤销而收不到货款。因为在电汇、信汇情况下,只要汇入行还未将款项交付给收款人,只要汇入行收到汇出行的撤销通知便会立即止付。即使是收款人已凭取款通知书前来取款,只要尚未解付,汇入行也不能把款项交付收款人,这样就会导致出口商钱、货两空,所以收到取款通知书并不是收到货款。,(四)切记银行汇票到手并不意味着货款一定能够收到。,企业收到外商交来的汇票或复印件时,应立即提交银行细心谨慎地审核其真实性,以免上当受骗。在票汇业务中,一些不法进口商利用伪造的、过期的、无法兑现的票据,“,随订单付现,”,(,CASH,WITH,ORDER,,简称,C.W.O.,),或者通过一些规模较小、资信较差银行开来汇票,看上去很爽快,待收到货运单据并提货后通知汇入行止付。在票汇情况下,如汇款人未将汇出行签发的票据寄出只是将复印件邮寄或传真过来,他只需将票据退还汇出行即可随时撤销。因其正本汇票还未寄出,汇付又仅属商业信用,银行是准予,撤销的,只收少量手续费。但如果汇款人已经将票据发出,因票据可以流通转让,汇出行为了维护自己的信誉,一般不接受进口商的撤销申请,仍然对持票人承担付款责任,除非有特殊情形,如:汇票被窃、遗失等。然而,即使如此,银行也可应汇款人的要求并在汇款人提供担保、办理必要的法律手续(包括登报声明、法院公告)后,来满足汇款人的要求,即通知汇入行止付,这样出口商拿着汇票也是拿不到货款的。,(五)选择妥当运输方式。不同的运输方式,其运输单据的性质是不一样的。货物的运输应采用海运方式,因为只有海运提单代表货物的所有权,这是出口商在收汇时唯一能约束进口商的东西。若对熟识的资信可靠的客户,在海运情况下,可以先交货物,等货款到手后,再把提单交给进口商,由其凭以提货,倘若汇款业务已被取消或者票据是假的,出口商的损失至多就是货物来回的运费。不宜采用空运、邮包运输方式,因为航空运单、邮包收据并非物权凭证,出口商无法掌握货权,出口商只要发出货物,货物到港后进口商即可凭航空公司、邮局的到货通知书提货。在国际贸易实践中,进口商在,寄来票据的同时,便要求出口商在收到票据后立即用空运或航邮运送货物,甚至要求出口商在凭支票收款时必须随附空运单副本及发票和装箱单等单据(迫使出口商要收款,就必须发运货物),此时出口商若按其要求做了,则会面临货物被进口商提走而货款却无法收回的风险。这里表面上是所谓的,“,进口商预付货款,”,,但出口商最终还是会落入货款两空的境地。因此,对于资信不了解或不可靠的客户,绝对不能因急于求成而给自己留下后患。,案例,9-2,分析,案例,9-3,分析,
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