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单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单元写作平台,同步语法讲座,人教版英语,选修,6,Unit 1 Art,Section,Grammar & Writing,虚拟语气,(,),一、虚拟语气的概念与类型,虚拟语气，又称假设语气，是谓语动词的一种形式，表示所说的话不是一种事实，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设。,虚拟语气有两种类型：用于条件或让步状语从句中，表示假设、猜测、怀疑等；用在宾语、表语、同位语、主语从句中，表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等。,二、条件句中的虚拟语气,在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其形式列表如下：,时间,从句,主句,与现在事实相反,动词过去式,(be,的过去式一般用,were),would,/should/,could/might,动词原形,与过去事实相反,had,过去分词,would,/should/,could/might,have,过去分词,与将来事实相反,动词过去式,/should,动词原形,/,were to,动词原形,would,/should/,could/might,动词原形,1.,与现在事实相反,If you were here now,，,you would hear Premier,Wen,talking with the students.,现在如果你在这里，就会听见温总理正在和学生们交谈。,If I were you,，,I should try my best to go to college.,如果我是你，我会尽我所能去上大学。,2,与过去事实相反,If he had gone to the party last night,，,everything would have changed.,如果昨晚他参加了宴会，一切都会不一样。,If the doctor had been responsible,，,the child would not have died of such disease.,要是医生负责任，孩子不会死于这样的疾病。,3,与将来事实相反,If it were to be,/should be/,were sunny tomorrow,，,we would go out for a picnic.,如果明天天气晴朗，我们会出去野餐。,4,错综时间条件句,当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为,“,错综时间条件句,”,，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。,If you had listened to me,，,you wouldnt be in such trouble now.,如果你听了我的话，你现在就不会有这样的麻烦了。,(,从句说明过去，主句说明现在,),If I were you,，,I would have taken his advice.,如果我是你，我就会接受他的忠告了。,(,从句说明现在，主句说明过去,),5,条件从句中的谓语部分有,were,，,should,或,had,时，,if,有时可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序,Were I you,，,I would do it in another way.,如果我是你的话，我就用另外一种方法做。,Should I have time,，,I would help Tom with his,maths,.,我要是有时间就帮汤姆学数学。,Had it not been for his help,，,I wouldnt have finished the work on time.,如果没有他的帮助，我是不会按时完成工作的。,三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用,1,动词,wish,后的宾语从句,wish(that,),从句,一般过去时,(be,用,were),表示对现在的虚拟,would/could,动词原形,表示对将来的虚拟,过去完成时,表示对过去的虚拟,I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year round.,但愿我的家乡四季如春。,She sincerely wished that she might do something to comfort him.,她真切地希望能做点什么来安慰他。,I wish I had met him yesterday.,我昨天能遇到他就好了。,温馨提示：,wish,本身可以是过去式，表示过去的一种愿望，,that,从句的时态不受影响。,He wished that he hadnt told Lucy the bad news yesterday.,他昨天若是不告诉露西那个坏消息就好了。,2,在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用,“,should,动词原形,”,，,should,可省略,一坚持：,insist,二命令：,order,，,command,三建议：,suggest,，,propose,，,advise,四要求：,request,，,require,，,demand,，,ask,I suggest that we (,should)hold,a meeting next week.,我建议下周我们应该举行会议。,He insisted that he (,should)be,sent there.,他坚持应该被派去那里。,温馨提示：,suggest,表示,“,暗示，表明,”,，,insist,表示,“,坚持认为,”,时，不用虚拟语气。,The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.,他脸上的笑容表明他对我们的工作很满意。,The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.,那个人坚持说他没有偷钱。,3,在,would rather,后的宾语从句中，谓语常用一般过去时来表示对现在或将来的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟,Id rather you went,tomorrow(now,),我宁愿你明天,(,现在,),去。,Id rather she hadnt done that.,我宁愿她没那样做。,.,根据汉语提示完成句子,1,If _(,我没有喝,)alcohol last night,，,I could have driven my car home.,答案：,I hadnt drunk,2,Jack has been ill for several days.,I,know.I,wish _(,他能去看医生,)soon.,答案：,he could go to see a doctor,3,All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _(,严重受伤,)and that he _(,马上做手术,),答案：,was badly,/seriously wounded/,injured,；,be operated on at once,4,The teacher demanded that our homework _(,被完成,)before eleven.,答案：,be finished,5,I am poor,now.If,I _(,有一大笔钱,),，,I would buy a large house.,答案：,had a great deal of/a large amount of money,6,Without electricity,，,our life _ (,将大不相同,),答案：,would be quite different,7,If _(,下雪,)tomorrow,，,they would not go out.,答案：,it were to snow,8,He is,ill.Otherwise,he _(,会来,)to school.,答案：,would come,9,I would rather I _(,采纳,)his advice.,答案：,hadnt taken,10,How I wish I _(,再年轻十岁,),答案：,were ten years younger,.,单项填空,1,_ it _ to rain tomorrow,，,the sports meeting would be put off until the same time next week.,A,Should,；,B,If,；,should,C,Were,；,D.If,；,were going,解析：,句意：如果明天下雨的话，运动会将被推迟到下周同一时间。该题考查与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，当,if,引导的条件句省略,if,时，句子要用倒装语序，正常语序的句子是：,If it were to rain tomorrow.,答案：,C,2,_ the bike be repaired by him?,No,，,Id rather he _ it repaired.,A,Will,；,has B,Shall,；,had,C,Should,；,have D,Can,；,has,解析：,句意：,“,自行车由他修理行吗？,”“,不，我宁愿他请别人来修理。,”,shall,在此处用来征询对方的意见；,would rather,后接宾语从句时,(,常用,that,引导，,that,可省略,),，从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，若是对现在或将来的虚拟，从句的谓语用动词的过去式；若是对过去的虚拟，则从句中用过去完成时，根据句意知是对现在的虚拟。,答案：,B,3,Had the visiting delegation set out earlier this morning,，,they _ the airport so far.,A,might reach,B,may have reached,C,might have reached,D,may reach,解析：,由第一句话句首的,had,可知，该句为省略了,if,的虚拟条件句，并且是对过去的虚拟。句意：如果这个考察团今天上午早点出发的话，到目前为止或许他们已经到达机场了。第二句话表推测，由句意知应选,C,项。,答案：,C,4,How I wish I had studied harder when I was in senior school!,If you had,，,you _ a university student now.,A,are B,would be,C,should D,were,解析：,本题为错综时间的虚拟条件句，应根据时间作出适当的调整，虽然从句是对过去进行虚拟，但主句中有时间状语,now,，所以是对现在的虚拟，应用,“,would,动词原形,”,。,答案：,B,5,_ him _ possible?,A,Wouldnt you have helped,；,had it been,B,Wouldnt you help,；,if it had been,C,Didnt you help,；,were it,D,Would you have helped,；,if it were,解析：,本题考查虚拟语气和省略形式。分析选项及句意可知本句是对过去的虚拟，因而主句用,“,would,/could/,might/should,have done,”,，从句用过去完成时，从句中,if,省略后，须把,had,提到主语之前。因而选,A,项。,答案：,A,6,If you _ that late movie last night,，,you would not be so sleepy now.,A,havent watched B,didnt watch,C,wouldnt have watched D,hadnt watched,解析：,此题从句是对过去的虚拟假设，故从句用过去完成时，主句是对现在的虚拟，使用,“,would,动词原形,”,。,答案：,D,7,It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library.,A,be allowed B,would be allowed,C,was allowed D,had been allowed,解析：,order,后接宾语从句时，其宾语从句的谓语动词为,“,should,动词原形,”,，,should,可以省略。,答案：,A,8,But for the help of my English teacher,，,I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.,A,would not win B,would not have won,C,would win D,would have won,解析：,句意：要不是英语老师的帮助，我在英语写作竞赛中得不到第一名。由题意可知真实时间是过去，故主句要用,would have done,结构。,答案：,B,9,He _ busy yesterday,，,or he _ you with the housework.,A,was,；,had helped,B,was,；,would have helped,C,had been,；,would have helped,D,were,；,would have helped,解析：,第一个分句说明昨天的事实情况，不必用虚拟语气，由时间状语,yesterday,可知,be,动词用一般过去时，由主语,he,可知用,was,。第二个分句是对过去的虚拟，所以用,“,情态动词,have,过去分词,”,。,答案：,B,10,The weather turned out to be,fine.I,_ the trouble to carry the umbrella with me.,A,should have taken B,neednt have taken,C,mustnt have taken D,could have taken,解析：,句意：结果天气不错，我本不必费那么大劲带着雨伞的。根据,turned,可知是叙述过去的情况，根据语境可知用,needn,t have done,本不必做却做了。,A,项表示本该做却没做；,D,项表示本来能够,；,C,项形式不正确。,答案：,B,如何写好建议信,【,写作指导,】,建议信是作者就有关问题进行分析并针对这些问题提出自己的看法和建议的书信。一般来说，建议信的正文分为三部分：开头、主体和结尾。开头一般开门见山，向对方陈述自己的观点。主体部分则是对所提出的问题进行分析、说明理由，接着提出自己的建议。结尾则是对开头的呼应，重申自己的观点。,1,建议信的结构,建议信一般采取,“,三段式结构,”,，通常以,firstly,，,secondly,，,thirdly,或,to begin with,，,then,，,later,等依次陈述建议。,首段：针对对方对自己的信任简单表示感谢，亦可表明自己的诚意。,中段：围绕对方的困惑、烦恼等问题，用科学委婉的语言提出自己的建议、方法。注意要充分考虑到对方的实际问题，表达时应选择得体的语言。切忌用语生硬呆板，泛泛而谈。,末段：简单地提出希望。希望自己的建议能对对方有所帮助。,2,建议信的语言,(1),陈述建议的语言必须中肯：在劝说对方接受你的建议时，应该注意措辞，慎用,must,等命令性词语，这样才能使对方愉快地接受你的劝告或建议。例如：,You must stop your meaningless work at once.(,该句中的情态动词,must,就使句子的语气显得很生硬，对方会因此而反感。,),此外，要,“,设身处地,”,，可适当运用虚拟句,“,If I were you.”,表述自己的建议。常见的此类表达有：,maybe,；,perhaps,；,probably,；,in my opinion,；,You could,/might/,had better.,；,It seems better that.,；,Why not.,；,If you do this,，,.,；,as you have known,；,Facts prove that.,；,even if/though,等。,(2),陈述建议必须具有说服性：要想提出好建议，必须具有充分的理由，展示出自己独特的见解。常见的表达有：,If you think it twice,，,you will find.,；,As is well known,，,.,；,It is necessary,/important/,certain that.,；,in spite of,；,on the contrary,；,in other words,等。,【,万能句式,】,建议信开头常用句式：,1,I am writing to express my views/ideas about.,2,You have asked me for my advice on.and I will try to make some suggestions.,3,Thanks for trusting,me.Its,my great pleasure to give you some suggestions,/advice/,tips.,4,Im sorry to hear/learn that.,表达建议常用句式：,1,I would like to suggest that.,2,If I were you,，,I would.,3,As far as I am concerned./In my opinion.,4,It seems better that.,5,Why not.?,6,It would be a good idea if.,7,For one thing.,，,for another.,8,In the first place,/Firstly/,First.Secondly/Second.,Last but not least(,最后但不是最不重要的,),.,建议信的结尾常用句式：,1,These are only my personal suggestions,/,tips.I,hope you will find them useful/,helpful.,2,I would be ready to discuss this matter with you in further detail.,3,Im willing to discuss this matter with you whenever you need help.,4,I will highly appreciate your consideration of my advice,/suggestions/,tips.,5,I am looking forward to your reply.,【,白金模板,】,Dear_,，,You have asked me for my advice about_,，,and I will try to make some suggestions here.,In my opinion,，,you would be wise to take the following measures_(,建议的内容,),I hope you will find these suggestions useful,，,and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you for further details.,Good luck with your_(,祝愿,),Yours sincerely,，,Li Ming,假定你是李华。在一个英文网络论坛上，你看到一个名叫,Grownup,的中学生发帖,(post),寻求帮助，请根据帖子内容和要求回帖。,要求：,1.,告诉,Grownup,要理解母亲；,2,给,Grownup,提出解决问题的具体建议。,3,短文词数不少于,80(,不含已写好的部分,),。,4,内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。,5,书写须清晰、工整。,【,写作要点,】,1,你面临的问题在我们青少年中很普遍。,你面临的问题,_,在我们青少年中,_,很普遍,_,答案：,the problem you are facing/the problem which you are faced with,among our teenagers,is common,2,我可以给你一些如何处理这个问题的建议。,我可以给你,_,一些建议,_,如何处理问题,_,答案：,Here are,/is/,I can give you,some advice/a few suggestions,(,on)how,to deal with it,3,首先，和你的妈妈多交流是明智的，这会帮助你们更好地相互理解。,首先,_,和你妈妈多交流,_,是明智的,_,这会帮助你们,_,更好地相互理解,_,答案：,first,/to begin with/,first of all,talk/communicate more with your mom,its wise to,which helps you/and it can help you,understand each other better,4,心贴心的交谈是让你妈妈了解你的思想态度的时候。,心贴心的交谈,_,了解你的思想态度,_,答案：,hearttoheart,talks,know your ideas and attitudes/understand what you think,5,第二，你应该向你妈妈证明你已经是一个,“,大人,”,了。,第二,_,向你妈妈证明,_,答案：,second/secondly,prove to your mom that/make your mom realize that,6,如果你能分担点家务活就更好了。,分担点家务活,_,就更好了,_,答案：,help your mom do,/with the housework/,share some housework,it can be better/its even better,【,连句成篇,】,One possible version,：,Hi,，,Grownup,，,As a student of your age,，,I understand your,situation.The,problem,you are facing,is common among our,teenagers.,However,，,it should be wise not to do,anything,that may hurt your moms,feelings.Here,are a few suggestions,.,First,，,its wise to talk,more with your,mom.Hearttoheart,talks help you understand each other,better.They,are also opportunities to let her know your ideas and attitudes toward many things.,Second,，,you should learn to do your own things well,，,proving to your mom that you are already,a,“,Grownup,”,Its even better if,you could share more of the housework,，,such as cleaning,，,washing and cooking.,Hope my ideas will work.,Yours,，,Li,Hua,谢谢观看！,
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