副词及副词的基本用法精编版课件

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,副词与副词的基本用法,副词用来表示动作行为的方式、时间和处所，对形容词和副词在程度上加以描绘，真实生动地反映动作行为及所陈述事情的性质特征。,1,副词的作用,1A,副词一般用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、介词短语和句子，在句中作状语，表示时间、地点、方式；也可以修饰整个句子，表示说话人对话语的态度和看法，就是用副词词组做评注性状语；做连接性状语，这种副词词组的中心词叫做连接副词,conjunctive adverb.,eg.,“,Don,t do that again.,”,he said,quietly and firmly,.,（修饰动词）,“,以后别再那样做了。,”,他说，口气温和但很坚定。,This is a,fairly,easy book.,（修饰形容词）这是一本比较浅易的书。,Its heart beats,very slowly.,（修饰副词）（它的）心脏跳得很慢。,Lincoln was active in politics and was,strongly,against slavery.,（修饰介词短语）林肯积极参加政治活动，强烈反对奴隶制度。,Actually,he is a person of honesty.,（修饰句子）事实上，他是个诚实的人。,6.1B,副词也可用以修饰名词和代词，在句中作定,eg.All the people,here,are learning English.,（修饰名词）所有这儿的人都在学英语。,The policemen didn,t search anything,upstairs,.,（修饰代词）警察没有搜查楼上的,6.1C,副词在句中也可作表语和宾语补足语,eg.Is anybody,in,?,里面有人吗？,You may make it,home,here.,你不妨把这儿当作家一样。,6.2,副词的分类,副词，按照词的构成，分为简单副词,simple adverb,和派生副词,derivative adverb;,绝大多数副词都是派生词，,adj.+ly,构成，,carefully;angrily;politely;,少数由单词素构成，与形容词同形，,early,late,fast,hard;,副词可以根据它们的意思和用途分为,时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、频度副词、疑问副词、连接副词和关系副词,6.2A,时间副词,(The Adverb of Time),时间副词表示行为动作发生的时间，常可回答,when,引导的问句，时间副词有表示确切时间和模糊时间两种。,（,1,）表示确切时间：,now,then,today,tonight,yesterday,tomorrow,before,this week,last month,next year,the other day,just now,two days ago,等,（,2,）表示模糊时间：,already,yet,late,early,soon,finally,recently,presently,immediately,等。,6.2B,地点副词,(The Adverb of Place),地点副词表示行为动作发生的地点，常可回答,where,引导的问句。地点副词有表示确切地点和表示位置关系两种。,（,1,）,表示确切地点,：,here,there,home,downstairs,abroad,everywhere,nowhere,indoors,等。,（,2,）,表示位置关系,：,up,down,in,by,across,below.over,out,around,away,off,inside,past,through,behind,等。,注（,1,）：表示位置关系的副词也通常具备介词功能。在句中作副词还是介词用，主要区别于：,a,如果这类词后面跟有宾语，就是介词；,eg.They dragged heavy stones with ropes,over,their shoulders.,他们肩背绳索拖拽巨石。,You will not see all the animals all,through,the winter.,整个冬天你不会看到所有这些动物。,For some days,he stayed in his cave,behind,his wall.,他在墙后面的洞里呆了好几天。,The child was running,after,his father.,这小孩跟在他你亲后面跑。,b,如果这类词与不及物动词构成一个动词词组，后面不跟有宾语，就是副词；,c,如果这类词与及物动词构成一个带有新意的动词词组，就是副词。,eg.The lesson is,over,.,下课了。,I,ve read the book,through,.,我已看完这本书。,He hurried home,looking,behind,from time to time as he went.,他赶紧回家，一边走一边不时的向后看。,They arrived,soon after,.,不一会儿，他们就赶到了。,6.2C,方式副词（,The Adverb of Manner),大多数方式副词由形容词和分词加后缀构成，也有些方式副词与形容词在词形和词义上完全相同，但句法作用不同，常可回答,how,引导的问句。,1,）形容词加,ly,后缀构成：,badly,slowly,proudly,carefully,rapidly,attentively,calmly,warmly,sadly,angrily,happily,suddenly,等。,2,）分词加后缀,ly,构成：,surprisingly,admiringly,hurriedly,unexpectedly,等。,3,）与形容词同形近义：,fast,hard,well,early,slow,quick,high,straight,alone,wide,direct,far,等。,注：与形容词同形近义的副词在句中一般作状语，表示行为动作的方式，对动词加以描绘和说明，而形容词则在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语，反映所限定名词的性质特征。,1),作形容词,eg.The work is,hard.,这工作很艰苦。,The long straight stems of bamboo are not,like,tree wood.,竹子又长又直的躯干不象树木。,The spaceship leaves the earth at very,high,speed.,宇宙飞船高速离开地球。,She spoke in a,low,voice.,她低声说话。,2),作副词,eg.You should study,hard,and be good students.,你们应该刻苦学习，做好学生。,He went,straight,to school.,他径直去学校。,The plane flew,high,.,这飞机飞得很高。,She read too,low,to be heard.,她读书声音太低，别人听不见。,6.2D,程度副词（,The Adverb of Degree),程度副词大多用来修饰形容词和副词，就其反映的事情在程度上加以描绘，通常也可回答,how,引导的问句。常见的程度副词有：,very,much,quite,little,so,too,enough,half,rather,fairly,pretty,entirely,totally,greatly,deeply,hardly,wholly,slightly,scarcely,almost,等。,注：在上面几类副词中，有些副词有两种词形：一种与相应的形容词同形，另一种由相应的形容词（或副词）加后缀构成。这两种词形的副词，有些在含义上基本相近，另一些在含义上则截然不同。,1,）在含义上相近的副词：,high highly,low lowly,firm firmly,deep deeply,near nearly,short shortly,fair fairly,direct directly,quick quickly,loud loudly,slow slowly,straight straightly,等。,一般来说，与形容词同形的副词表示比较具体的概念，而加后缀,ly,构成的副词则含有抽象或引申的意义。,试比较下列的句子：,The boy climbed very,high,.,那男孩爬得很高。,The government thinks,highly,of you invention.,政府对你的发明评价很高。,Youve shot too,low,.Try a second time.,你射得太低，再试一下。,Why on earth are we,lowly,paid?,究竟为何给我们低报酬？,She came,near,to me.,她向我靠近。,The job is,nearly,finished.,这工作快干完了。,The train goes,direct,to Shanghai.,这趟列车直开上海。,Answer me,directly,.,直接回答我的问题。,They worked,deep,into the night.,他们工作到深夜。,We were,deeply,moved by his heroic deeds.,我们被他的英勇事迹深深打动了。,2,）在含义上不同的副词：,hard hardly,just justly,late lately,most mostly,pretty prettily,等。,试比较下列句子：,They pretended to work,hard,.,他们佯装卖力地干活。,I can,hardly,understand what they are talking about.,我几乎不懂他们在谈论些什么。,Hes,just,arrived.,他刚到。,He was,justly,punished.,他受到了应有的惩罚。,The money will be given to those who need it,most,.,这钱将给那些最需要的人。,The people who live in Antarctica are,mostly,visiting scientists.,在南极生活的人大多数是在进行考察的科学家。,He seldom comes,late,.,他难得迟到。,I havent heard from my parents,lately,.,最近我没有收到父母的来信。,6.2E,频度副词,(The Adverb of Frequency),频度副词表示行为动作发生的频度，常可回答,how often,引导的问句。常见的频度副词有：,often,always,usually,sometimes,seldom,never,rarely,frequently,occasionally,once a week,twice a day,every other month,等。,6.2F,疑问副词,(The Interrogative Adverb),疑问副词用来引导一个特殊疑问句，表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。,疑问副词有：,when,where,how,和,why.,When are the men coming from London?,从伦敦来的人什么时候到？,Where have you been all these years?,这些年你到哪儿去啦？,How are you getting along with you English?,你的英语学习怎么样？,注：疑问副词,how,也可以与一些形容词、副词合在一起引导一个特殊疑问句。,如：