《代词及it的用法》PPT课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,代词及,it,的用法,一、代词的定义和种类,定义：代词是代替名词，形容词和数词的词。它具有名词，形容词的功能。在句中作主语，宾语，表语和定语。,代词的种类,一,.,人称代词,四,.,指示代词,二,.,物主代词,五,.,不定代词,三,.,反身代词,六,.,疑问代词,七,.,连接代词,八,.,关系代词,人称、物主、反身、指示、疑问,一,.,人称代词,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,人称,格,数,单数,复数,主格,宾格,主格,宾格,I,you,he,she,it,me,you,him,her,it,we,you,they,us,you,them,用法口诀： 人称代词分两格，主格宾格来分说；,主格定把主语作，宾格作宾不会错。,1,、单数你他我，复数一二三，道歉我为先,.,一,.,人称代词,1.,我、你、他、都,18,岁。,_,2.,你们、我们、他们都来自中国。,_.,You, he and I are 18.,We, you and they are from China,2,、在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在,not,后多用,宾格,.,作表语，也用宾格。, I like English. _ too.,A. I B. He C. Me,1. Who broke the window?, Not _.,A. I B. he C. her,2. Miss Li invited _ have dinner with her .,A. me and you,B. you and I,C. you and me,3. Who taught _ English last term?,A. them B. their C. they,二,.,物主代词,人称,分类,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,单数,复数,单数,复数,单数,复数,形容词性,名词性,my,our,your,your,his,her,its,their,mine,our,s,your,s,your,s,his,her,s,its,their,s,用法口诀：物主代词两类型，形容词性、名词性。,形容词性作定语，后面定把名词用。,名词性、独立用，主宾表语它都充。,形容词性物主代词相当于,形容词,。在句中作定语修饰名词。,I like,my,job.,形容词性物主代词与,own,连用表示,强调,。,This is,my own,house.,名词性物主代词相当于,名词,，不能用于名词之前。,This is your book. Where is,mine,？,“,of+,名词性物主代词”构成双重属格。,A friend,of mine,will come here next week.,二,.,物主代词,1. She is a friend of _.,A. my B. mine C. I,2. This isnt my pen ,it is _.,A. her B. his C. him,3. Frank cant find _ dictionary . Can you lend _ to _?,A. her , mine , her,B. / , yours , he,C. his , yours , him,4. _ school is much bigger than _.,A. Our , their,B. Ours , theirs,C. Our , theirs,5. The dog is so poor because _ leg is badly hurt .,A. it B. its C. its,三,.,反身代词,人称,分类,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,单 数,复,数,myself,oursel,ves,yourself,yoursel,ves,himself,themsel,ves,herself,itself,用法口诀：反身代词表自身，句中可作两成分。,表示强调同位语，宾语动作回自身。,2.,反身代词常见固定搭配,过得愉快,自学,请随便吃,自言自语,独自,为自己,不要客气,陶醉沉浸于,自己穿衣服,照顾自己,三,.,反身代词,enjoy oneself,learn,by /,teach oneself,help oneself to sth.,say to oneself,by oneself,for oneself,make oneself at home,lose oneself in,dress oneself,look after oneself,The man is rich , he can buy _ a lot of things .,A.,he,B.,his,C.,himself,2. - What a lovely card ! Where did you buy it?,- I made it by _.,A.,me,B.,myself,C.,itself,3. “Help _ to some chicken ,”my mother said to the guests.,A.,yourself,B.,yourselves,C.,your,this,that,these,those,时空的差别,this/these,指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,that/those,指在时间或空间上较远的事物或人,.,This is a pen and that is a pencil,We are busy these days,In those days the workers had a hard time,行文叙述上的差别,。,this/these,指代,下文要讲到的人或事,that/those,指代,前面讲到的人或事,I shall say,this,to you: he is a poor man.,He was ill.,Thats,why he didnt come.,打电话时,this,表示我,that,表示你,.,Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?,四,.,指示代词,疑问代词有,who(,指人,谁,),，,whom,，,whose,（,指人，谁的）,，,what(,指事，什么,),和,which(,指人、事均可，哪一个,),等,。,疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。,Who,is going to come here tomorrow?,（作主语）,What,is that? (,作表语,),Whose,umbrella is this? (,作定语,),Whom,are you waiting for? (,作宾语,),四,.,疑问代词,不定代词的用法,五、不定代词及其用法,1.,定义：不指明所代替的名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词，不定代词可分为：,every-,some-,any-,no-,和,-one,-body,-thing,构成的复合代词。,some, any,，,many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either,a few,few,a little,little,等,2.,不定代词在使用中的注意点,：,由,every-,some-,any-,no-,和,-one,-body,-thing,构成的复合代词通常只看做,单数,形式，其谓语要用,单数,。,Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.,Something,anything,nothing,和形容词连用时，形容词要放在他们的,后面,。,Something important/anything interesting/nothing funny,一些重要的不定代词的用法,some, any,some ,肯定句,any ,否定句,/,疑问句,/,条件句,some,也可以用于疑问句中表示请求、建议，希望得到肯定答复。,Would you like _ coffee?,some,不定代词（,something ,anyone,）,+,形容词,some, any,当,some,修饰的,可数名词是单数,时，,some,表示,“某个”,的意思。,I have read that in some magazine.,any,用于,肯定句,中有,“任何一个”,解。,Tom runs faster than,any,other boy in his class.,1. Do you have _ to do this evening?,A. important something,B. anything important,C. something important,2. _ is watching TV . Lets turn it off .,A . Somebody B. Anybody C. Nobody,3. Would you like _? I can get it for you .,A. something else,B. anything else,C. everything else,other, the other, another, others, the others,代名词,形容词,单数,复数,单数,复数,another,另一个,others,别人，其他人,another (boy),另一个（男孩）,other (boys),其他男孩,the other,另一个,the others,其余那些人、物,the other (boy),另一个男孩,the other (boys),其余那些男孩,1.antoher,表示“又一个，另一个，再一个”，,泛指众多中的一个,，可单独使用或接,单数可数名词,，其,前面不加定冠词,。,Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me,another,.,You can see,another,ship in the sea, cant you?,2.antoher,用在,复数名词前，表示“再，又”,，相当于,more,。,If you give me another five minutes,Ill finish the work.,3.the other,表示“,两者中的另一个,”，常与,one,搭配构成,“,one ., the other .”,句型。,He has two brothers.,One,is 10 years old ,the other,is 5 years old.,4.,“the others”,表示,特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。,是,复数的特指,。,the others=the other+,名词复数,In our class only Tom is English,the others,are Chinese.,5.others,表示“别人，其他人”，是,复数的泛指,，,others=other+,名词复数,In the park some are playing games. Others are walking near the river.,other, the other, another, others, the others,Tom and Mary have arrived, but _ in your class arent here yet. A. the others B. others C. the other,One of the sides of the road should be painted yellow, and_ white.,A. the other Banother C. others,This pair of trousers is too short. Would you please show me _ one.,A. other B. others C. another,the other others,the others another, I have two brothers. _ is a doctor, _ is a soldier.,A. One, the other B. One, other,C. The one, the other, Some of the students are playing on the playground. But wherere _?,A. the other B.others C.the others, - Is this your sock ?,- Yes, it is . Where is _?,A. another B. the other one C. others, We got home by 4 oclock ,but _ didnt get back until 8 oclock.,A. the other B. others,C. the others,each, every,不定代词,含义,数量关系,作定语时名词的数,作主语时动词的数,each,每一个,2,单数,单数,every,每一个,3,单数,单数,each,：,1),可单独使用，,2),可做代名词、形容词，,3),着重“个别”,，,4),用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物。,every,：,1),不可单独使用，,2),仅作形容词,，,3),着重“全体”,，毫无例外，,4),用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物。,当我们说,each child, each student,或,each teacher,时，我们想到的是,一个人的情况,。而当我们说,every child,和,every student,时，我们想到的是,全体的情况，,every,的意思与,all,接近，表示他们都如此。,Each,ball has a different colour.,Every,child likes playing. = All children like playing.,注意：我们可以用,each of ,而不能用,every of ,如：,Each of,you can have a rest.,every other ,每隔,every other day,每隔一天,=,every two days,I gave them _ an apple.,A. every B. each C. each of,There is a line of trees on _ side of the street.,Aevery Beach Cboth,She goes shopping _ five days.,A. every B. each C. each of, 他隔天来这里。 He came here _ day.,every other,neither, either, both,不定代词,含义,数量关系,作定语时名词的数,作主语时动词的数,either,两者中的任何一个,=2,单数,单数,neither,两者都不,=2,单数,单数,both,两者都,=2,复数,复数,either of,两者,之一,+,复数名词,/ them / us,谓单,neither of,两者,都不,谓单,both of,两者,都,谓复,_ of the girls _ him. They asked him for name card.,A. Neither; know,B. Either; know,C. Neither; knows,Both of his parents _ teachers.,A. is B. are C. was,Both of his brothers _ in this hospital, but neither of them _ a doctor.,A. works; is B. work; is C. work; are,either neither both,either neither both,Either Tom or the twins _ the way to the shop.,A. know B. knows C. finds,Neither you nor I _ a scientist.,A. is B. are C. am,Both Tom and Mary _ hard.,A. studies B. study C. studying,either or ,或者,或者,就近原则,neither nor ,两者,都不,both and ,两者,都,复数谓语,The students are all from Foshan . They _ like their city .,A. both B. all C. either,Lucy and Lily _ agree with us.,A. all B. both C. neither,How are your parents ? They are _ fine.,A. both B. all C. no,I didnt see it, _.,A. too B. as well C. either,He couldnt open the door. _.,A. Neither could I B. So could I,C. Neither couldnt I,They_ in good health,and they_ there.,A. are both; will both go,B. both are; will go both,C. are both; both goes,either,否定句末 “也”,neither,倒装句表否定,neither +,助动词,/ be /,情态动词,+,主语,both,助动词,/ be /,情态动词,+,both,both,+,行为动词,How many people are there in the room? _.,A. None B. No one C. Lucy,Who is in the room?,_.,A. None B. No one C. one,None of them _ China.,A. come from B. is from C. is come from,none, no one, nothing,none,no one,nothing,没有什么人,/,物,“,没有人” 只能指人,没有东西，只能指物,回答,how many/much,问句,回答,who,问句,回答,what,的问句,none of +,复数名词,/ them,谓语用,单数,肯定,否定,可数,a few,few,不可数,a little,little,little, a little, few, a few,当前面由,only,修饰，常用,a few,或,a little .,a little,可表示“有点，稍微”,Although all the girls have tried their best , only _ pass the exam.,A. few B. a few C. a little,2. Dont worry .There is _ time left .,A. little B. a little C. few,3. You are so great! _ people in the school can do it .,A. A little B. Little C. Few,it 可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人., who is the person over there?,It,is the headmaster.,It 也可用来表示天气、时间、距离等。,天气： How cold it is today!,时间： Its about eight oclock.,距离： Its 200 kilometers from here.,it,的用法,1. - Who is knocking at the door?,- I dont know . I was lying in the bed and just ask who _ was.,A. he B. she C. it,2. I cant find my hat . I dont know where I put _.,A. one B. it C. that,3. I cant find my hat . I think I must buy_.,A. it B. one C. that,固定句型,1.,做某事情对某人来说是,It,is + adj. (+for sb.) +to do sth.,2.,轮到某人做,It,s ones turn to do sth.,3.,是（某人）做某事的时候了,It,s time (for sb.) to do sth.,4.,据说,It,s said that ,5.,某人花费,做某事,It,takes sb. some time to do sth.,6.,自从,以来，已经有,（时间）了,。,It,is / has been +,时段,+ since +,从句,(,过去时,),7.,某人发现,/,认为,/,感觉到做某事是,的,find,sb. think,feel,+,it,+ adj. + to do,I found _ very difficult to make progress in my study .,A.,its,B.,it,C.,that,2. It _ my father a whole month to go on business .,A.,spent,B.,cost,C.,took,3. It is great fun _ surfing on the Internet .,A.,go,B.,to go,C.,going,THE END,