资源描述
,第34课 主谓一致,要点梳理,中考对主谓一致的考查主要包括下面三点：,1.学科名词作主语；表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语作主语；the姓氏名词复数作主语；一些以s结尾的不可数名词作主语，如news,maths;不定代词名词，如both of,neither等。,2.主语后带有with,except,like等介词短语。,3.就近原则。如 there be 句型，either.or.,not only.but also.等。,因此，找出句子的真正主语是关键。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致，意义一致和就近原则。,主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。,1.语法一致原则,(1)单数名词(代词)、不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；复数名词(代词)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。,如：He is a tall man.,他是个高个子男人。,Some bread is on the table.,一些面包在桌上。,The boys are playing football.,这些男孩们正在踢足球。,(2)当and或both.and.连接两个或三个名词(代词)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。,如：A pen and a pencil are useful school things.,钢笔和铅笔是的用的文具。,Both Jim and Bill are in the library.,吉姆和比尔都在图书馆。,(3)单数主语即使后面带有由with,together with,like,but,except,besides,as well as，等短语，谓语动词仍用单数。,如：Mr Hu with a book in his hand comes into the classroom.,胡先生走进了教室，手里拿着一本书。,(4)不定代词each,another,the other,either,neither 和由some,any,no,everyone或thing构成复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。,如：Everything is ready.,一切都准备好了。,(5)every.,every.and every.,each.,each.and each.作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,如：Each boy and each girl has an apple in their hands.,每个男孩和女孩手里都有一个苹果。,(6)one,every one,each,each one,anyone,neither,eitherof复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,如：Every one of the students is listening to the teacher carefully.,每个学生都在认真听老师讲课。,(7)none 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数。,如：None of us are(is)perfect.,人无完人。,(8)只有复数形式的名词(clothes,pants,shoes,shorts,gloves,trousers,glasses,scissors)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。,如：My trousers are new.,我的裤子是新的。,(9)a pair(a set,a kind.)of复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,如：A set of keys is lying on the floor.地板上有一串钥匙。,(10)“the形容词(过去分词)”指一类人，如：the rich(富人)，the living(活着的人)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。,如：The sick have been taken good care of.,病人已经被好好地照顾。,(11)不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,如：To study hard is my job.,努力学习是我们的工作。,(12)a lot of(lots of,plenty of,most of,a pile of,piles of)名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词。,如：A lot of people are swimming in the river in summer.,夏天很多人在这条河里游泳。,(13)百分数(或分数)of名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词。,如：More than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water.,我们这个行星的表面有百分之七十是被水覆盖的。,One third of the workers in the factory are women.,这个工厂里三分之一的工人是女工。,注意：population 作为整体时，其谓语动词为单数；主语指“人口中的一部分”时，其谓语动词为复数。,2.意义一致原则,(1)集体名词(family,group,crowd,class)作主语时，谓语动词要根据主语的意思来决定。如表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数；,如表示集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数。,如：Our class wins the basketball match.,我们班赢了篮球比赛。,Our class are talking about the trip.,我们班同学正在讨论这次郊游。,(2)集体名词(people,police,cattle)等作主语时谓语动词用复数；但clothing,traffic,furniture等无生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,如：The people in the park are talking loudly.,公园里人们正在高 声讨论着。,(3)表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等的名词作主语，尽管是复数形式，它们作为一个单一的概念时，其谓语动词用单数形式。,如：Ten miles is a good distance.十英里是一个相当远的距离。,(4)数学运算作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,如：One and one is two.一加一等于二。,(5)形式为复数而意义为单数的名词(如news；physics,maths等),或专有名词(如the United States,the New Times,the United Nations 等)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,如：The news makes us excited.,这消息使我们激动。,3.就近原则，,即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最邻近它的名词、代词等词的数。,(1)there,here 引导的句子,如：There is a book and two pens on the table.,桌上有一本书和两只钢笔。,There are two pens and a book on the table.,桌上有两支钢笔和一本书。,(2)or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.连接两个名词或代词作主语时。,如：Either Lily or Lucy comes to the party.,要么莉莉，要么露丝来参加晚会。,Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.,不仅吉姆而且他的父母想居住在中国。,He or you have taken my pen.,他或你拿了我的钢笔。,4.“主谓一致”最基本的原则,是：单数主语用单数谓语动词；复数主语用复数谓语动词。但在实际运用中情况比较复杂，现将同学们常犯的错误归纳如下：,(1)并列连词and连接并列主语,and连接两个或多个单数名词(代词)或不可数名词并列共同作主语时，谓语动词用复数。,如：My friend and I are going to the cinema this weekend.,这个周末我的朋友和我要去看电影。,and 连接两个名词的并列主语，表示同一个概念时，谓语动词用单数。,如：The dancer and singer is coming to our city next week.,这个舞蹈兼歌唱家下周将来我们城市。,and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，当bread and butter(黄油抹面包),knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,如：Whisky and soda is always his favorite drink.,威士忌酒加苏打水是他最喜欢的饮料。,(2)each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语决定。,如：Each of us has a dictionary.,We each have a dictionary.,我们每个人都有一本字典。,(3)half of,the rest of,most of,all of及“百分数或分数of”等后接名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词。,如：Most of the apples were bad.,大部分苹果是烂的。,Most of the apple was eaten by a mouse.,这个苹果的大半被老鼠吃掉了。,(4)people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若强调一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若强调具体成员，谓语动词用复数。,(5)主语后有with,together with,like,except,but,as well as 等引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。,如：Jim with his friends goes to the movies every Sunday.,吉姆和他的朋友们每个星期天去看电影。,(6)“the number of名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。“a number of名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。,如：The number of wild animals is becoming smaller and smaller.,野生动物的数量正在减少。,A number of wild animals are in danger.,很多野生动物正处于危险中。,(7)表示度量、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词或词组作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,如：Ten years is a long time.,十年是一段很长的时间。,(8)由Here/There开头的句子，其主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与邻近的主语保持一致。,如：Here comes the bus.,公共汽车来了。,感悟中考,【例1】(2011 河北),There _ lots of people at the restaurant when I,got there.,A.is B.was,C.are D.were,解析：people 是复数名词，则there be 句型中谓语动词,用复数，排除A和B；下文got为过去式。故选D。,D,【例2】(2011黄岗),Which would you like,tea or coffee?,Either _ OK,but I prefer coffee _ milk.,A.is;with B.is;to,C.are;with D.are;to,解析：either 意为“两者之一”，则谓语动词为单数形式；,加牛奶的咖啡的表达为：coffee with milk。故选A。,A,【例3】(2009天津),Diana,together with her friends,_ Chinese in China.,A.study B.have studied,C.studies D.are studying,解析：together with her friends 表伴随状语，谓语动词的,单复数要与Diana保持一致，须用studies.故选C。,C,【例4】(2009河南),The zoo k
展开阅读全文