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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/12/3,#,It,as an,empty object,It as an,1,it,作形式宾语,it,作形式宾语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式（短语）、,动名词（短语）和宾语从句。,it,作形式宾语时，需具备两个条件：,真正的宾主是不定式、动名词或从句。,有宾语补足语,具备了这两个条件，形式宾语,it,一定要用。,it 作形式宾语,2,1,it,代替不定式（短语）,当不定式（短语）在复合宾语结构中作某些动词（如,think,make,find,consider,feel,suppose,等）的宾语时。,I find it pleasant to work with him.,They felt it my honor to be invited to speak here.,2,it,代替动名词（短语,）,这只限于少数句型，在多数情况下用不定式时更多一些。,The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.,Do you consider it any good trying again?,He found it useless(no use)arguing with him.,1 it 代替不定式（短语）,3,3,it,代替宾语从句,1,）某些表示“喜，怒，哀，乐”的动词，如,like,enjoy,love,hate,appreciate,等，往往不能直接接宾语从句，而是先用,it,作形式宾语，再把真正的宾语从句放在后面。,I dont like it that hes so lazy.,I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.,We really appreciated it when she offered to help.,that,引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语，而是先用,it,作形式宾语，再把真正的宾语从句放在后面。常见于某些动词加介词的短语中，如,depend on,rely on,see to,stick to,answer for,等。,You may depend on it that we shall always help you.,Would you see to it that she gets home early?,She insisted on it that she was innocent.,3 it 代替宾语从句,4,3),由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用,it.,I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.,We owe it to you that there wasnt a serious accident.,I took it for granted that they were not coming.,4),当从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词（如,think,make,find,等）的宾语时。,They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.,5),动词,+it+,过去分词,+,从句,He made it known to everyone that he was right.,3)由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的,5,1 I consider it no use _(quarrel)with him about it.,2 I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.,3 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back?,4 I would appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.,5 The Internet makes it possible _(share)the latest news.,6 I think _ my duty to help her.,7 We all thought it a pity _ the conference should have been cancelled.,8 They took _ for granted that I would be no good at it.,quarreling,it,it,it,to share,it,that,it,直击高考,1 I consider it no use _,6,1,孩子们觉得和父母在一起是安全和幸福的。,Children feel it safe and happy to be with their parents.,2,我发现很难与她相处。,I find it hard to get along with her.,3,现代技术使得在太空飞行成为可能。,Modern technology has made it possible to fly in space.,4,大雨使我们更难按时完成工作。,The heavy rain made it more difficult for us to finish the work on time.,5,我们认为向他解释清楚发生了什么事没有用处。,We thought it no use explaining to him what happened.,translation,1 孩子们觉得和父母在一起是安全和幸福的。translati,7,1 What does“it”refer to in sentences(a)and(c)?2 What is the difference between the sentences in each group?,No visitor would think,it,surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.,No visitor would think that the island being a UNESCO World Heritage Site is surprising.,Experts felt,it,necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island.,Experts felt to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island was necessary.,1 What does“it”refer to in s,8,1“It”in sentence(a)refers to“the island is,a UNESCO,World Heritage Site,”.“,It”in sentence(c)refers to“to come up with,a plan,to remove all the rabbits from the island”.,2,When the object of a sentence is a,that-clause(b,)or an infinitive(d),we sometimes use“,it”as,an empty object and put the real object,later to,keep balance.For example,sentence(a),uses“it,”as the empty object of“think”,referring,to the,real object:“the island is a UNESCO,World Heritage,Site”.Sentence(b)uses that-clause,as the,object of“think”.,1“It”in sentence(a)refers,9,many,people think,it,a good idea to keep this turtle as,a pet,believe,it,no big issue to release them into the,wild,people,have found,it,a threat to other species to release these turtles into the,wild,Experts,consider,it,important for owners to keep their pets in an enclosed,area,Rewrite the underlined parts using,it,as an empty object.,many people think it a good id,10,I think it a breakthrough to transform a desert into a forest,Look at the pictures of the Saihanba National Forest Park and describe its changes using,it,as an empty object where appropriate.,1960s,p,resent day,nouns/adjectives,breakthrough,impossible,likely,unrealistic,to do/that,investigate,plant trees,transform,I think it a breakthrough to t,11,Ecosystems,Ecosystems,12,Producers,absorb,water and,dissolved nutrients,from the soil.They also make their own food by absorbing light from the sun,Primary consumers,rely on,vegetation to,provide energy,.They,feed on,green plants.,Secondary consumers,prey on,primary consumers as well as eating other animal matter,.,Decomposers,break down,dead animals and vegetable matter into nutrients.The dissolved chemicals are then,released,back into the food chain,to be used by producers.,Producers absorb water and dis,13,What,does the diagram show?,2.What are the relationships between the living things?,The living things are closely connected with each other by the food they eat.,Secondary consumers prey on primary consumers,Primary consumers
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