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,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,ELEMENTS:,CHEMICAL&PHYSICAL PROPERTIES,Remember,what one doesnt know can hurt.,GROUP 1,Alkali Metals,Are not found as elements in nature,Stored under kerosene or other hydrocarbon solvent(oil),Can react with water vapor or oxygen in the air,Good conductors of electricity and heat,Ductile,malleable,and soft,Silvery luster,Low density,Low melting point,Form:,colorless ions with a 1+charge,ionic compounds,water-soluble bases,Sodium reaction,with air,Potassium reaction,with water,GROUP 2,Alkaline Earth Metals,Are not found as elements in nature,Occur most commonly as carbonates,phosphates,silicates,and sulfates,Good conductors of electricity and heat,Ductile and malleable,Silvery luster,Includes naturally radioactive element radium,Form:,less reactive than alkali metals,rxn with HOH to form bases&hydrogen gas compounds are insoluble or only slightly soluble in water,forms primarily ionic compounds,ions with a 2+charge,Beryl,A source of beryllium,GROUPS 3 12,Transition Metals,Usually harder,more brittle than Groups 1&2 metals,Higher melting&boiling points than Groups 1&2 metals,Good conductors of electricity and heat,Malleable and ductile,Silvery luster,except copper&gold,Chemical properties differ from each other,Include radioactive elements 89-112,Compounds often colored,May form complex ions,1 or 2 valence electrons,Usually have,2 common oxidation states,Includes mercury,only metal that is liquid at room temperature,Transition,metals,GROUP 13,Boron Family,are not found as elements in nature,scarce in nature,metallic solids,soft,low melting points,chemically reactive at moderate temperatures,3 valence electrons,Exceptions:,aluminum:,most abundant metallic element which exists as,ore bauxite,is self-protecting,boron:,metalloid,covalent solid,hard,high melting point,not chemically reactive at moderate temperatures,GROUP 14,Carbon Family,nonmetal:,carbon,metalloids:,silicon,germanium,metals:,tin,lead,large variation in physical&chemical properties,occurs in elemental&combined forms,relatively unreactive,4 valence electrons,tend to form covalent compounds although,tin,and,lead,will form ionic compounds,Tin,and,lead,are self-protecting metals,GROUP 15,Nitrogen Family,nonmetals:,nitrogen,phosphorus,metalloids:,arsenic,antimony,metal:,bismuth,Most common forms:,nitrogen:,atmospheric N,2,phosphorus:,phosphate rock,arsenic,antimony,bismuth,:,sulfides or oxides,antimony,bismuth,:,elements,abundant:,nitrogen,phosphorus,rare:,arsenic,antimony,bismuth,form,covalent compounds,oxidation numbers usually+3 or+5,atoms have 5 electrons in their outermost energy level,Exist in 2 allotropic forms,except,nitrogen&bismuth,Solids at room temperature,except,nitrogen,GROUP 16,Oxygen Family,nonmetal:,oxygen,sulfur,selenium,metalloid:,tellurium,metal:,polonium,occur as elements&in combined states,form covalent compounds,oxidation numbers usually-2,atoms have 6 electrons in outermost energy shell,often exist as diatomic&polyatomic molecules,(i.e.O,2,S,6,),exist in several allotropic forms,(i.e.sulfur,can exist as orthorhombic or monoclinic,crystal structure),GROUP 17,Halogens,all nonmetals,occur in combined form,usually as metal halides,found in rocks of Earths crust&dissolved in sea water,At room temperature-gas:,F,2,Cl,2,liquid:,Br,2,solid:,I,2,all reactive,esp.fluorine,Atoms have 7 electrons in outermost energy level,Usually gain an electron to form a halide,X,-,ion,but can share electrons&have positive oxidation states,GROUP 18,Noble Gases,inert,essentially demonstrate ideal gas behavior over a wide range of temperatures&pressures,group has highest ionization energy,therefore strongly resist losing electrons,complete octet of electrons in highest energy level,gases at room temperature,1,st,noble gas compound prepared in 1962,XeF,4,Neon,Argon,Krypton Xenon,used in lighting,Helium,used in balloons since less dense than air,
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