英汉翻译 e-c translation lecture 2

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Lecture 2,The Process of Translation,翻译的过程,Correct comprehension,Adequate representation,Proofreading,正确理解、充分表达和校核,在翻译实践中，理解是表达的前提，但理解与表达通常是互相联系、相辅相成的统一过程，不能截然分开。译者在理解原文的同时，也在选择表达方式；在表达的同时，又会进一步加深理解。,Correct comprehension,1.结合原文上下文 正确理解原文词义 no context no text.,Seat oneself in a wooden chair,Accept a university chair,Chair the board meeting,Condemned to the chair,坐在木椅上,同意在大学执教,主持董事会,被处电刑,Milk the cow milk the bull,挤牛奶 徒劳之举,He wrote his 12th novel at the ripe age of 85.,他85岁高龄时完成了12部小说。,其中ripe 不作mature 或full grown 解，而是advanced in years 之意。,-“Well,old boy,said the visitor,“its nice to see you up and about.,-“Up,yes,“the patient said,“but about,noat least not much.,“喂，老兄，探视者说。“见到你起来走动走动，真快乐。,“是能下床了，病人说，“假设说走动，还不行至少还不太行。,He sleeps late.,I shall not expect you until I see you.,I have read your articles,but I expect to meet an older man.,Shed never again believe anything in trousers.,他起得晚。,你随便什么时候来都行。,我读过你的文章，但没料想你会这样年轻。,她再也不相信男人了。,2.要弄清原文结构,It will strengthen you to know that your distinguished career is so wildly respected and appreciated,.,美国总统尼克松写给病危中美国记者埃德加斯诺的慰问信。,当您认识到您的杰出的事业是如此广泛的受到人们的尊敬和赞赏时，您就会为自己增添力量。,You cant come too early.,It is two years since I smoked.,Its eight months since she taught English.,I havent written to her since I lived in Beijing.,Everything doesnt cause cancer.,All his letters were not received.,He is not more a writer than a painter.,He is no more a writer than a painter.,你来得越早越好。,我戒烟已有两年了。,她不教英语已有八个月的时间了。,自从她离开北京以来，我一直没有给她写信。Since 与持续性动词连用也表示该动作的完成,并非所有的东西都致癌。,他的信并没有全收到。,与其说他是个作家，不如说他是个画家。,他既不是个作家，也不是个画家。,3.弄清原文的逻辑关系,The old man informed us that his wife had had thirteen children,one in every month of the year and one over besides.,老人幽默地告诉我们，他的妻子生了13个孩子，每月生一个还多了一个。,老人幽默地告诉我们，他的妻子生了13个孩子，如果用一年十二个月的名字给他们取名的话，还多出来一个。,消除In 歧义是翻译关键。英国作家毛姆的短篇小说讲述了这样一个故事。国王原来打算按照季节给几个女儿起名in every season of the year)叫春夏秋冬，后来又生了第五个，便按照一个星期的七天in every day of the week)重新起名星期一、星期二、谁知又生了第八个，只好按照月份取名in every month of the year)。因此in 在此处的意义为“按月份取名。,When he was young fellow in the sixties.,当他还是六十多岁的小伙子时。,在六十年代，他还年轻时。,The object did not move because I pushed it.,因为我推了它，该物体才没有移动。,不是因为我推了它，该物体才移动。,4.要掌握与两种语言相关的文化背景知识,You look darker after the holidays.,度假回来你看起来黑多了。,度假回来你看起来更健康了。,“Greek and Latin are all English to me,said Oscar Wilde.,“希腊语和拉丁语对我来说都很容易,奥斯卡王尔德说。,王尔德是英国著名剧作家。他反用习语It is Greek to me(这对我太困难)，将希腊语和拉丁语比作自己的母语英语，言下之意是“不难。,Do you see any green in my eye?,你以为我是好欺骗的吗？,Green hand 生手,John can be relied on.He eats no fish and plays the game.,约翰为人可靠，他既忠诚又正直。,To eat no fish play the game分别是典故和习语，不能按照字面意思来翻译。To eat no fish 出自典故，指伊丽莎白女王时代，耶稣教徒为了表示对政府忠诚，拒绝遵守反政府的罗马天主教在星期五只吃鱼的习俗，因此引申为忠诚之义。To play the game 和 to play fair 规规矩矩地比赛同义，转义为“公平对待、举止光明正大、为人正直等等。,There are cattle in the fields,but we sit down to beef.,在地里放牧的是牛，我们在餐桌上吃的是牛肉。,在汉语中，动物肉一般由动物名+“肉字构成，如牛肉、羊肉、猪肉等，但相应的英语却是beef,mutton,pork等。,Exercise,1.The face is the index of the mind.,2.Far from eye,far from heart.,3.Mr.Lear is trying to,oil the judges palm.,4.He has stolen a march on me.,5.Today in the New York Stock Exchange,all the brokers,are tailed up,.,练习：,1.,The face is the index of the mind,.,心中有事，必形于色。,2.,Far from eye,far from heart.,别久情疏。,3.,Mr.Lear is trying to,oil the judges palm,.,oil the judges palm,买通某人，向某人行贿,李尔王想贿赂法官,。,4.,He has stolen a march on me.,Steal a march on sb,偷偷地抢了先,我让他占了先。,5.,Today in the New York Stock Exchange,all the brokers,are tailed up,.,在今天的纽约证券交易所大厅里，经纪人无不神采飞扬，兴致勃勃。,Adequate representation,所谓充分表达，即利用对目的语的驾驭能力，完全恰如其分地表达原文的思想内容、立场感情和风格笔调。充分表达要防止两种倾向：过分表达over-representation即，不顾原文本意如何，任意添枝加叶；欠充分表达under-representation即：或任意删减，或不顾作者感情态度，或不计文体风格。,Reports of new successes keep pouring in.,捷报频传。充分表达,He sold hard-to-get items.,他行贿受贿，兜售紧俏商品。画线局部为胡乱添加。,二、直译与意译,1、直译(literal translation):译文的语言表达形式，在目的语标准容许范围内，根本上遵循源语表达的形式，而又忠实于原文的意思。如；,The proof of the pudding is in the eating.,要知道布丁的滋味，就要亲自尝一尝。,2、意译free translation:译文的语言表达形式，完全遵循目的语的标准而不考虑源语的表达形式，但又忠实于原文的意思。如：,One boy is a boy,two boys half a boy,three boys no boy.,一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚无水吃。,3.直译和意译相结合,I want a man who will throw his hat over the Chindwin and then lead his troops after it.,to throw ones hat into the ring:,指斗士在参加竞赛前先把帽子丢进竞技圈内，表示一争上下的决心,我要的是这样一个人，它决心在钦敦江破釜沉舟，然后率领部队前进。,Ruth was upsetting the other children,so I showed her the door.,鲁丝一直在扰乱别的孩子，我就把她撵了出去。,直译意译并无优劣之分，关键在于正确使用。,When I want your opinion,Ill ask for it.,当我需要你的意见时，我会问你的。,请不要插嘴。,You are late for the last time.,这是你最后一次迟到了。,你被解雇了。,Little fish does not eat big fish.,小鱼吃不了大鱼。,胳膊拧不过大腿。,What the tongue says,the neck pays for.,舌头说话，脖子还账。,舌头闯祸，脖子遭殃。,What was hatched a hen must not try to be a rooster.,孵出来是母鸡就别想冒充公鸡。,生来是个女人就别想冒充男人。,There is no pod so ugly it cant find a lid.,没有丑到配不上一个盖子的罐子。,罐儿再丑，配个盖儿不发愁。,姑娘再丑也能配个汉。,丑女不愁嫁。,Exercise,1.He had left a note of welcome for me as sunny as his faces.,2.He acts a lot older than his years.,3.Very straightforward by nature,Mrs.Frank believes in speaking her mind.,4.He is the last person I will see.His rudeness is beyond endurance.,5.Cigarettes are the death of me